Nutrition and Metabolism - Dairy Department PDF

Dairy Department Dietetic program Level 3 Course:Nutrition and metabolism By Dr/ Esraa Mohamed Al-Amir Lesson 1  Nutritional Concepts Nutrition is the process in whi...

Dairy Department Dietetic program Level 3 Course:Nutrition and metabolism By Dr/ Esraa Mohamed Al-Amir Lesson 1  Nutritional Concepts Nutrition is the process in which we obtain and consume food that is necessary for growth and overall health. Specifically, in the science field, it's the focus on substances in foods that give energy that can be impacted by behavioral and social factors. What we consume each day plays a significant role in our energy levels, the function of our internal organs, our cardiovascular health, bodyweight management, and so much more  Calories calorie is the measurement of a unit of energy in food. Each food and beverage we consume has a different amount of calories, or energy, in them based on their makeup. Our body gets the energy we need by consuming calories. calorie is the amount of energy that is needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius.  The amount that one should consume varies based on several factors, including age, activity level, health goals, hormones, etc.  Kilocalorie kilocalorie is used to represent the measure of heat energy that raises the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius. Notice it's the same as the calorie… that's because what we call a calorie is really is a kilocalorie. Thus, for the sake of being sure that we understand the concept: 1 kilocalorie = 1 calorie. Based on where you are reading your information from, or what country you are in, you will see it written as 1kcal or 1Cal.  Nutrients nutrient is a chemical compound found in food that the body uses in order to function properly and maintain health. These substances help to provide nourishment for the growth and maintenance of life. Nutrients can be divided into two categories: essential nutrients and non-essential nutrients.  Essential nutrients Essential nutrients are nutrients that the body cannot make on its own or make enough quantity for proper bodily functions, disease prevention, and growth. These nutrients must be consumed through foods and beverages. There are six total essential nutrients: carbohydrates, protein, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water.  Non-essential nutrients Non-essential nutrients are those that can be synthesized by the body so we do not need to consume them directly from food sources. Not to be fooled though, these are still needed daily by the body.  Macronutrients Macronutrients are the three major energy sources for the body: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. The majority of the diet consists of these three categories but, based on factors such as age, gender, activity level, and health and wellness goals, the amounts consumed per day will vary significantly.  Micronutrients Micronutrients are chemical elements and substances that are also needed by the body, but their primary role is not for energy consumption. Micronutrients assist with tasks like normal growth and development, carrying out metabolic processes, energy production, immune function, fluid balance, and so much more. Micronutrients are found in the form of vitamins and minerals and can be consumed through eating plenty of colorful fruits and vegetables and nuts/seeds.