Dietetic Program - Nutrition and Metabolism (Level 3) PDF

Dietetic Program Level 3 Course: Nutrition and metabolism (1) Code :Fdt309 Lesson (4)  Body Mass Index (BMI ) BMI by using weight (kg) divided by the square of height (m2). BMI classification: 1- Underweig...

Dietetic Program Level 3 Course: Nutrition and metabolism (1) Code :Fdt309 Lesson (4)  Body Mass Index (BMI ) BMI by using weight (kg) divided by the square of height (m2). BMI classification: 1- Underweight : BMI under 18.5 kg/m^2. 2- Normal weight : BMI greater than or equal to 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m^2. 3- Overweight : BMI greater than or equal to 25 to 29.9 kg/m^2. 4- Obesity : BMI greater than or equal to 30 kg/m^2. 5- Obesity class I : BMI 30 to 34.9 kg/m^2. 6- Obesity class I I : BMI greater than 35 kg/m^2.  The basal metabolic rate varies and depends upon the different body types Endomorph It refers to the large body with high body fat. These types of bodies can store fat easily. They are unable to use their stored fat as energy, so looks fatty and gets fatigued easily. Ectomorph It refers to skinny, fit, tall bodies that can never get fatty or obese. They can eat whatever they want. They can burn their fat at a faster rate. Mesomorph These types of bodies fall between the two discussed above. They are neither too fatty nor too skinny.  Metabolism All the chemical reactions that occur in the body. Anabolism Catabolism Chemical reactions that combine simple Chemical reactions that break down complex molecultes to form complex structural components. organic molecules into simpler ones. Oxidation The oxidation of glucose to produce ATP. The process consumes oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide. It involves 4 sets of reactions: glycolysis, the formation of acetyl coenzyme A, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Hydrolysis of fats yields: fatty acids Hydrolysis of carbohydrates yields: monosaccharides Hydrolysis of proteins yields: amino acids  Protein Metabolism Catabolism Refers to the breakdown and synthesis of proteins. Catabolism of protein helps in the formation Breakdown of protein into amino acids is called of amino acids, which are reused in our cells. catabolism of protein. Proteins that we ingest in our diet are Synthesis of protein from amino acids is called catabolized under the influence of various anabolism of protein. proteolytic enzymes (pepsin, trypsin, Inside the cell : chymotrypsin…) in our alimentary canal. amino acids are joined together to form Proteins can break down and lose their polypeptide chains in the process called functionality translation. under This takes place in the cytoplasm mainly. 1- high temperature. 2- high or low Ph. 3 types of RNAs,(mRNA, tRNA, rRNA)and amino 3- high salt concentration. acids are required for making a polypeptide chain. 4- acid - alkali.  Metabolism of carbohydrates Includes breakdown or catabolism and synthesis or anabolism of carbohydrates. Glycogen is broken down into glucose, and the process is called glycogenolysis. Glucose, being the most common source of energy in our cell, is completely oxidized to yield ATP molecules in a process called cellular respiration. In our body, glucose can be formed from some non-carbohydrate sources, like lipids or amino acids , this process is called gluconeogenesis and the formation of glycogen occurs by the process glycogenesis when there is excess glucose in the body.