Cardiovascular Health & Management PDF

Comprehensive Overview of Cardiovascular Health and Management Meeting Summary Date and Time Date: Not specified Time: Not specified Participants Instructor Students (names not specified) Main Topics Discussed Hemodynamic Terms Preload: Blood flow returning to the heart, i...

Comprehensive Overview of Cardiovascular Health and Management Meeting Summary Date and Time Date: Not specified Time: Not specified Participants Instructor Students (names not specified) Main Topics Discussed Hemodynamic Terms Preload: Blood flow returning to the heart, indicating fluid volume status. Measured by Central Venous Pressure (CVP). Afterload: Resistance the heart must overcome to eject blood. Cardiac Output: Stroke volume times heart rate. Stroke volume is the amount of blood ejected per beat. Stress Tests Purpose: To identify heart conditions by stressing the heart and observing EKG changes. Nurse's Role: Monitor patient stability, EKG changes, and stop the test if the patient experiences chest pain or shortness of breath. Heart Conduction and EKG Interpretation Conduction Pathway: SA node to AV node. EKG Waves: P wave: Atrial depolarization. QRS complex: Ventricular depolarization. T wave: Ventricular repolarization. Abnormal Rhythms and Unresponsive Patients Bradycardia: Assess patient, check leads, and determine if symptomatic. Tachycardia: Assess patient and identify underlying causes. Unresponsive Patients: Check pulse and breathing, initiate CPR if necessary. Myocardial Infarctions (MI) EKG Changes: Differentiate between STEMI and NSTEMI. Labs: Troponin is the key indicator. Clinical Manifestations: Chest pain, radiating pain. Treatment: Oxygen, nitroglycerin, morphine, aspirin. Nursing Interventions: Monitor EKG, administer medications, educate on lifestyle changes. Cardiac Catheterization Post-Procedure Care: Monitor puncture site for hematoma, check distal pulses. Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors: Modifiable (smoking, diet) vs. non-modifiable (age, genetics). CABG Post-Op Care: Monitor for fluid retention and end-organ perfusion. Angina Types Unstable Angina: Not relieved by rest.  Stable Angina: Relieved by rest. Variant Angina: Caused by vasospasm. Heart Failure Clinical Manifestations: Right-sided (edema), left-sided (lung issues). Patient Education: Low sodium diet, daily weights. Compensatory Mechanisms: RAS activation leading to increased blood pressure. Pulmonary Edema Symptoms: Crackles, pink frothy sputum. Interventions: Elevate head of bed, administer diuretics. LVAD Purpose: Supports heart function in severe heart failure. Atherosclerosis and Peripheral Vascular Disease Risk Factors: Similar to coronary artery disease. PAD vs. PVD: Differentiate based on symptoms and treatment. Hypertension Types: Primary (no identifiable cause) vs. Secondary (identifiable cause). Complications: End-organ damage. Patient Education: Medication adherence, dietary changes. Hypertensive Crisis Management: Reduce blood pressure by 25% in the first hour. Action Items Instructor to post additional study materials. Students to review specific chapters and slides as discussed. Follow-Up Exam scheduled for next week at 08:00. Instructor available for questions via email; limited availability over the weekend due to personal commitments. Potential Zoom meeting on Tuesday if needed.