Human Rights and Social Equity in the Philippines (PDF)
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This document discusses human rights, focusing on the Philippines, and explores social equity, gender equality, and participatory governance aspects. It also details the community action initiatives of 'Barkada Kontra Droga' and 'The Haribon Foundation' regarding nature conservation and addressing issues related to drugs. The document appears to be a report or academic article, not a typical exam paper.
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A. Human rights - generally defined as those rights, which are inherent in our nature, and without which, we cannot live as human beings (UN) - supreme, and inalienable rights to life, dignity and self-development (PCHR) - in the Philippines, they are defined as the civil and politi...
A. Human rights - generally defined as those rights, which are inherent in our nature, and without which, we cannot live as human beings (UN) - supreme, and inalienable rights to life, dignity and self-development (PCHR) - in the Philippines, they are defined as the civil and political rights of a person, the rights of the Filipinos are expressed in Article III of the 1987 Philippine Constitution-the Bill of Rights - examples of practices of these rights are: the fight against torture by police and other security forces; awareness and practice of the standards stipulated in the Labor Code such as wages, monetary benefits, hours of work, leaves, rest days and other benefits; protection of the rights of indigenous peoples and non-discrimination on the employment of women. B.Social equity - is the active commitment to fairness, justice and equality in the formulation of public policy, distribution of public services, implementation of public policy and management of all institutions serving the public directly of by contract (icma.org) - individuals of a society should be entitled to the resources of the community so that they as individuals can thrive without comprising the resources that the whole community depends on (Project Human City). - as an orientation to governance, social equity stresses fairness and equality along with efforts to remedy disparities in conditions and outcomes (Johnson and Svara, 2011) - social equity is the economic,legal, environmental and developmental rights of access to the collective resources of society with an all-encompassing effort by means of equal say and insight of all members of society to ensure the longevity of the collective resources and to enrich the individual lives of community members as indivisible, equal inter respectively, and as mutually comparable pinnacles to the direction of the community and individual members in respect of need and right to access and recognition A. Gender Equality - Is also similar to sexual equality - Entails the idea that all human beings, both men and women, have the freedom to develop themselves in terms of their personal abilities and choices - It encompasses the different behaviors, aspirations and needs of men and women which are considered, valued and favored equally - Equal treatments should be considered in terms of rights, benefits, obligations, resources, protection and opportunities. - Globally, this means the elimination of harmful exercises against women and girls such as sex trafficking, sexual abuse or violence B. Participatory government - Pertains to the engagement of the members of a population in development projects - Most of the objectives focus on giving to the poor the benefits they deserve - There are two perspectives: social movement perspective (the people are mobilized to eliminate unjust hierarchies of knowledge, power and economic distribution) and institutional perspectives (uses the inputs and opinions of relevant groups in a community to serve as the factor to attain one's goal) **"Barkada Kontra Droga"** Peer Groups Against Drugs Barkada Kontra Droga is a peer group organized to provide and support school activities that promote awareness and intervention to drug abuse and its related issues. This group also supports the projects of the community and its local government with the same objective. This organization is supported by the students, teachers, school administrators, barangay council, local government unit, private institutions and other identified stakeholders. In school year 2017-2018, this institution has participated and initiated activities to fully implement Barkada Kontra Droga. **The Haribon Foundation** Haribon is a membership organization committed to nature conservation through community empowerment and scientific excellence. Haribon hopes to attain this vision by: - Strengthening community-based resource management through community organizing, sustainable livelihood development, and community empowerment - Building a broad constituency for biodiversity conservation through membership development, communication and public awareness raising, alliance building and networking, and advocacy - Conducts scientific and developmental and participatory research studies using globally and locally accepted standards for biodiversity conservation - Establishing an education and training institution on natural resource management with world-class standards - Strengthening the institution through staff development, upgrade of facilities, establishment of "Pugad" Haribon or Haribon house, and by continuously improving its policies and procedures. - Developing proactive and responsive policy advocacy mechanisms - Developing financial sustainability mechanisms **United Nations World Food Programme** Seeks to address the issue of hunger. The program also focuses on climate actions, disaster risk reduction, gender equality and nutrition. Also, it attends on increasing long-term food and nutrition security while assisting people and communities to build resilience to be better prepared for the consequences of disasters. WFP helps communities affected by conflict and natural disasters to rebuild their lives by encouraging self-sufficiency through food and cash assistance programmes. People are given food or cash in exchange for their participation in asset-creation and vocational skills training aimed at strengthening their livelihoods and building resilience to shocks. Participatory development is the engagement of the member of a population in development projects. It promotes the values of self-reliance, sustainable development, and social justice. In the perspective of social movement, the people are mobilized to eliminate hierarchies of knowledge, power, and economic distribution. Moreover, in Institutional perspective, inputs, and opinions of groups in a community are considered factor in the attainment of goals. In research stage, this is where gathering of information that would answer the question "*what the situation is all about*, and the *problems* to be addressed. An appropriate activity is carefully crafted to address the identified problems, we call this stage as "design stage". Employing what have been crafted and ensuring that this activities are mobilized are the key concept of the "Implementation stage", lastly, during the "evaluation stage, we highlight the "what went wrong and went right" of the initiatives and work on for possible improvement. In the current situation that the country is facing and struggling amidst the pandemic, the government is expected to generate and aid communities, specifically the least and the lost. Various **Community action initiatives** are set forth by the government to deliver basic services to the community. In community action initiative, both the members and the organizations serve as the channel for change. To achieve better quality of life, involvement in planning and implementation of the members in this community action initiatives is highly encouraged. The success of the community action initiative may not solely depend on planning, implementation, and attainment of their objectives. Factors such as values being prioritized while the project are carried out are also considered. Initiative must anchor its objectives in terms of core values and principles, the Human rights, Social justice, Gender quality and Empowerment advocacy. **Comprehensive Community initiatives** involves partnership that take part several interrelated activities occurring simultaneously. Some of the issues and concerns addressed by comprehensive community initiatives are education related concerns, the not fair treatment of poor and marginalized, crimes and violence committed by young individual. **The following are the methods and Approaches in Understanding Community** 1. **Partnership building with the local group** - **allow members to work together** - **To address concerns.** - **Plan ways to meet the community's objective.** 2. **Community profile** **-overview of relevant information about a certain community.** 3. **Needs assessment** - **process of determining the needs of a community** - **Planning ways to address the concerns that were gathered along.** 4. **Leadership and Participatory Action Planning** - **Community leadership is less hierarchical and often based on voluntary actions, serving as an instrument for change.** - **Participatory action is an approach that uses different means to address issues identified by a community.** 5. **Resource mobilization** **- Process of getting range of resources from donors or using mechanisms for a community's project to work and achieve its goal.** 6. **Social action in Sociology pertains to the act that a person makes taking into account the reactions and behaviour of others.** **Community action is any activity that provides services to people and increases the understanding, engagement and empowerment of communities.** **There are different methods and approaches of community actions with the help of these methods and approaches we can better understand our community.** 1. **Partnership building with the local groups- partnership allow members of the group to work together to address concerns and plan ways to meet the community's objective.** 2. **Community profile presents an overview of relevant information about a certain community.** 3. **Needs assessment is the process of determining the needs of a community and planning ways to address the concerns that were gathered along process.** **Steps in Administering Community Needs Assessment** 4. **Leadership and Participatory Action Planning** 5. **Resource mobilization is the process of getting range of resources from a resource provider (or donor), by using mechanisms for a community's project to work and achieve its goal.** 6. **Social action in Sociology pertains to the act that a person makes taking into account the reactions and behaviour of others.** 7. **Social action evaluation** **Evaluations are conducted to be aware of several points to consider when conducting an action plan. This will allow the individual/group to gather the relevant and substantial information to understand the impact of community projects in relation to the community's goals.** **Participatory action, in relation to the definition in research, is an approach that uses different means to address issues identified by a community. It allows for new ways of working, interacting and knowing for the improvement of a community's practice.** **Five Characteristics of Participatory Action** 1. **Participatory- the community maintains control over the process of dealing with issues.** 2. **Define by a Need for Action- the community initiates the project that will address the issues and this action is guided by a goal.** 3. **Useful and Meaningful- the members of the community are provided with the opportunity to analyze the situations and develop solutions.** 4. **Reflexive- the members reflect on the activities executed regularly, and determine the benefits and purposes of the projects.** 5. **Flexible and Interactive- throughout the process, action plans may be modified depending on the needs of the community.** **Framework for Participatory Action** An action plan is a list of steps to be accomplished to attain the objectives of a certain project for the benefit of the community. For the success of an action plan implementation, different strategies and methods may be utilized. Action Plans are implemented to ensure that a community is organized and committed to accomplish the tasks planned. (CESC, 2018) In this learning activity sheet, you're going to put the community plan you made into action and collect all the materials necessary for the implementation.