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GESOCSCI 6 | SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY UNIT I. GENERAL CONCEPTS IN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY CHAPTER I HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN THE COURSE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY IANA LEXLEE COGOLLO Instructor GESOCSCI 6 | SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY UNIT I. GENERAL CONCEPTS IN SCIENCE, TEC...

GESOCSCI 6 | SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY UNIT I. GENERAL CONCEPTS IN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY CHAPTER I HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN THE COURSE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY IANA LEXLEE COGOLLO Instructor GESOCSCI 6 | SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY UNIT I. GENERAL CONCEPTS IN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY Learning Outcome At the end of this chapter, the students should be able to: Explain how science and technology affected the society and environment and vice versa; Identify inventions and discoveries that changed the world over the course of history; discuss the scientific and technological developments in the Philippines. GESOCSCI 6 | SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY UNIT I. GENERAL CONCEPTS IN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY ANCIENT TIMES Transportation Communication Weapon and Armors Conservation of Life Engineering & Architecture  ANCIENT CIVILIZATION  Sumeria is located on the sounthermost tip of Ancient Mesopotamia. Sumerian They are known for their high degree of cooperation with one another and Civilization their desire for great things. They are not contented with the basic things that life can offer. SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION CONTRIBUTION Cuneiform The first Writing System. It utilizes word pictures and triangular symbols which are carved on clay using wedge instruments and left to dry. It allows the Sumerians to keep records of things with great historical value or their everyday life. SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION CONTRIBUTION Considered to be the first true city in the world. Sumerians were able to build the city Uruk City using only mud or clay from river, which they mixed with reeds, producing sunbaked bricks -a true engineering feat.  SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION CONTRIBUTION The Great Ziggurat of Ur also called as “Mountain of God” It was built with the same manner of Uruk City. It served as the sacred place of Sumeria Chief God, where only their priest were allowed to enter.  SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION CONTRIBUTION Irrigation and Dikes it was made by the semerian to bring water to farmland and at the same time control the flooding of the rivers. this method was considered as one of the world’s most beneficial engineering works. SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION CONTRIBUTION Sailboats Transportation was a great challenge to Sumerians. At that time wheel was not yet invented, the main mode of transportation was through waterways such as rivers and seas. Boats were used to carry large quantities od products and were able to cover large distances Sailboats were essential in transportation and trading as well as in fostering culture, information, and Technology. SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION CONTRIBUTION Wheel Sumerians invented the wheel. the first wheel were not made for transportation but for farm work and food processes. With the use of wheel and axle, mass production was made easier. farmers were able to mill grains with less effort in less time. SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION CONTRIBUTION The Plow It was invented to dig the earth in a faster pace. with this tool, farmers could cultivate larger parcels of land faster, enabling them to mass production without taking so much effort and time  SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION CONTRIBUTION Roads it was invented to facilitate faster and easier travel. Sumerians made the road with the same technology they used in making sun-baked bricks. they later poured bitumen, a black sticky substance similar to asphalt, to soothen the road. BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION  BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION According to the legends, the CONTRIBUTION Great babbylonian King Nebuchadnezzar II built the gardens for his wife, Queen Hanging Amytis. Gardens of However, No Physical evidence has been found Babylon to prove the existence of Hanging Gardens of It was said to be a Babylon. structure made up of layes upon layers of gardens that Its exact location is also contained several species unknown. of plants, trees, and vines.  EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION  BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION According to the legends, the CONTRIBUTION Great babbylonian King Nebuchadnezzar II built the gardens for his wife, Queen Hanging Amytis. Gardens of However, No Physical evidence has been found Babylon to prove the existence of Hanging Gardens of It was said to be a Babylon. structure made up of layes upon layers of gardens that Its exact location is also contained several species unknown. of plants, trees, and vines. EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION CONTRIBUTION Paper / Papyrus earlier contribution of Egyptian Civilization was the papyrus. Although Egypt was not the first to develop a system of writing, they were able to make writing easier for the world. EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION CONTRIBUTION Ink Egyptians invented Ink after papyrus or the paper. They combine soot with different chemicals to produce inks of different colors. They make sure that the ink withsatand the elements of nature since it was used to record history, culture, and codified laws. It must also be tamper-proof so that people could not simply tinker with those written down by authorities. EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION CONTRIBUTION Hieroglyphics A system of writing using symbol developed by Egyptians and belived that this writing system was provided to them by their God. Hieroglyphics was the language that tells the modern world of the history and culture of the ancient egyptians. Still preserved since they were carved at the wallls of pyramids and other important Egyptian Structures. EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION CONTRIBUTION Cosmetics Egyptians invented the use of Cosmetics. Its function was intended for both health and aesthetics reason. They wore Kohl around the eyes to prevent and even cure eye diseases. they also believed that a person wearking make-up was protected from evil and that beauty was a sign of holiness. EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION CONTRIBUTION Wig Wigs were worn for health and wellness. It is used to protect the shaved heads of the wealthy Egyptians from harmful rays of the sun. EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION CONTRIBUTION Water Clock/Clepsydra this device utilizes gravity that affects the flow of water from one vessel to the other. the amount of water depending on the method remaining in the devvice determines how much time has elapsed since its full. the water clock was widely used as a timekeeping device during the ancient times.  GREEK CIVILIZATION GREEK CIVILIZATION CONTRIBUTION Ancient Greek’s alarm clock used large complicated mechanism to time the Alarm. Alarm Clock they made use of water that dropped into drums which sounded the alarm. Plato invented the very first alarm clock.  GREEK CIVILIZATION CONTRIBUTION Commonly used in agricultural Watermill process like milling of grains which necessary form of food processing. because of Milling was made possible by the use of watermill, the mass production of rice, cereals, flours, and the like became common. considered better than mills powered by farm animals because they required less effort and time to operate.  ROMAN CIVILIZATION ROMAN CIVILIZATION CONTRIBUTION Newspaper The first news paper is known as “Gazettes”. It contained announcements of the Roman Empire to the people. Made before the invention of paper, the gazettes were engraved in metal or stone tablets and then publicly displayed ROMAN CIVILIZATION CONTRIBUTION Bound Books or Codex It was used for record-keeping of events especially documenting historical events. Julius Ceasar started the tradition of stacking up papyrus to form pages of a book. they were able to provide covers to protect the papyrus. ROMAN Roman CIVILIZATION CONTRIBUTION Architecture one of the most visual contribution of the ancient roman empire to the world. it was considered a continuation of greek architecture, hence the resemblance. the development in the field of engineering and architecture was fully supported by the government so they were able to implement majpr projects such as churches (cathedral & Basilica), Coliseums, residential houses and many more. ROMAN CIVILIZATION CONTRIBUTION Roman Numerals Romans devised their own number system to address the need for a standard counting method that would meet their increasing communication and trade concerns.  CHINESE CIVILIZATION  CHINESE CIVILIZATION CONTRIBUTION Silk One of the things that connected Far East China to the world is SILK. The silk production resulted in the creation of a product for trade. it bridged the gap between western world and the middle kingdom.  CHINESE CIVILIZATION CONTRIBUTION Tea Production Tea is a beverage produced by pouring hot or boiling water over crushed or shredded dried tea leaves. the first tea was drunk by a chinese emperor. China became known for its tea exports aside from silk. In addition, it have resulted in making tea as one of the most popular beverege in the world.  CHINESE CIVILIZATION CONTRIBUTION Great Wall of China considered the only man-made structure that could be seen from the outer space. the largest and most extensive infrastructure that the nation built.  CHINESE CIVILIZATION CONTRIBUTION Gun Powder developed by Chinese alchemists who aimed to achieve immorality. it contains mixed charcoal, sulfur, and potassium nitrate, but instead of creating an Elixir of Life, they accidentally invented black powder. it is also used in fireworks during important occasion in china.  Activity No.1 1. Chose one Ancient Civilization and describe how its inventions greatly impact our Society today in the field of Science and Technology. (20 Points) 2. Enumerate and explain the impacts/influences of technological advancement in your daily life?" (20 Points)  MEDIEVAL/ MIDDLE AGES  MEDIEVAL AGES CONTRIBUTION Printing Press It was invented by Johann Gutenberg. A more realible way of printing using a cast type. It is also known as “Gutenberg Press”. It was invented to address the need for publishing books that would spread information to many people at a faster rate. This invention also made works accessible to individuals who could not even write. (Streissguth, 1997)  MEDIEVAL AGES CONTRIBUTION Microscope Zacharias Janssen developed the first compound microscope. Through this device, people were able to observe organism that were normally unseen by the naked eye. According to Davidson, the microscope was key in discovering8 new means in preventing and curing various illnesses. MEDIEVAL AGES CONTRIBUTION Telescope An Optical instrument that helps in the observation of remote objects. It was a great help for navigators to see far and wide for them to navigate or to avoid danger. MEDIEVAL AGES CONTRIBUTION War Weapon It serves as a defense instruments. Weapons during the Medieval age were not just tools of war but integral elements that influenced social structures, technological progress, and the balance of power across Europe. Their development and use had profound and lasting effects on medieval society and beyond. MODERN TIMES  MODERN TIMES CONTRIBUTION Pasteurization, developed by Louis Pasteur in the 19th century, continues to significantly impact modern times by enhancing food safety and public health. This process effectively kills Pasteurization harmful bacteria and pathogens in perishable products such as milk and juice, greatly reducing the risk of foodborne illnesses. By extending the shelf life of these products, pasteurization not only helps in minimizing food waste but also ensures a consistent supply of safe food. Additionally, pasteurization helps preserve the quality and nutritional value of food while adhering to global food safety standards, making it a cornerstone of modern food safety practices.  MODERN TIMES CONTRIBUTION Petroleum refineries have made crucial contributions to modern society by transforming crude oil into a Petroleum wide array of essential products, including gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, and various petrochemicals. Refinery This process fuels transportation systems, powers industries, and supports the production of everyday goods such as plastics, synthetic fibers, and fertilizers. The refinement of petroleum has enabled economic growth and development by providing the energy needed for technological advancement, global trade, and industrial activities. Additionally, refineries play a role in energy security and supply stability, making them fundamental to the functioning of contemporary economies and lifestyles. MODERN TIMES CONTRIBUTION The telephone has revolutionized communication in Telephone modern times by enabling instant, long-distance conversations, facilitating global connectivity, and supporting business and personal interactions. Its evolution into mobile and smart phones has further transformed how people access information, stay connected, and manage daily tasks, becoming an essential tool for personal and professional life. It was developed by ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL and was recognized as one of the most important invention during that time. MODERN TIMES CONTRIBUTION Calculators have greatly impacted modern times by Calculator streamlining complex mathematical and financial computations, which enhances accuracy and efficiency in various fields such as engineering, finance, and education. They have simplified problem-solving tasks, making advanced calculations accessible to professionals and students alike, and have contributed to advancements in technology and data analysis by supporting rapid and precise calculations.  PHILIPPINE INVENTIONS  PHILIPPINE INVENTIONS Salamander Amphibious Tricycle The Salamander Amphibious Tricycle, a notable Philippine invention, is a versatile vehicle designed to navigate both land and water. Developed in the Philippines to address the country's challenging terrain and frequent flooding, this innovative tricycle combines the functionality of a traditional tricycle with amphibious capabilities. It is particularly useful in rural and disaster- prone areas, where it can provide crucial transport during floods or traverse difficult terrains. The Salamander's design reflects the ingenuity and resourcefulness in addressing local transportation needs, showcasing Filipino innovation in adapting to environmental challenges.  PHILIPPINE INVENTIONS Salamander Amphibious Tricycle The Salamander Amphibious Tricycle, a notable Philippine invention, is a versatile vehicle designed to navigate both land and water. Developed in the Philippines to address the country's challenging terrain and frequent flooding, this innovative tricycle combines the functionality of a traditional tricycle with amphibious capabilities. It is particularly useful in rural and disaster- prone areas, where it can provide crucial transport during floods or traverse difficult terrains. The Salamander's design reflects the ingenuity and resourcefulness in addressing local transportation Invented by Dominic N. Chung, Lamberto needs, showcasing Filipino innovation in adapting to Armada & Victor “Atoy” Llave. environmental challenges.  PHILIPPINE INVENTIONS SALt Lamp The SALt (Sustainable Alternative Lighting) lamp is a notable Philippine invention designed to provide affordable and eco- friendly lighting solutions. Developed by a Filipino startup, the SALt lamp uses saltwater as a power source, generating light through a simple electrochemical reaction. This innovative lamp addresses issues of energy access in remote and off-grid areas, where traditional electricity sources are unavailable. By utilizing readily available materials like salt and water, the SALt lamp offers a sustainable and low-cost alternative to conventional lighting, making it particularly beneficial for underserved communities in the Philippines and beyond. Invented by Aisa Mijeno  PHILIPPINE INVENTIONS Medical Incubator The medical incubator developed by Dr. Fe del Mundo, a renowned Filipino pediatrician, is a groundbreaking Philippine invention that has significantly impacted neonatal care. Created in the 1940s, Dr. del Mundo's incubator was designed to provide a controlled, warm environment for premature and ill infants, addressing the critical need for temperature regulation and protection in neonatal care. Her design utilized locally available materials and was more affordable than previous models, making it accessible to hospitals in the Philippines and other resource-limited settings. Dr. del Mundo's invention has contributed greatly to improving infant survival rates and exemplifies Filipino ingenuity in advancing medical technology.  PHILIPPINE INVENTIONS Mosquito Ovicidal/ Larvicidal trap System The Mosquito Ovicidal/Larvicidal (OL) Trap System is an innovative Philippine invention designed to combat mosquito- borne diseases such as dengue and malaria. Developed by the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) in the Philippines, this system uses a combination of ovicidal and larvicidal agents to attract and kill mosquito eggs and larvae. The trap features a specially formulated solution that attracts mosquitoes to lay their eggs, which are then exposed to substances that inhibit their development. This proactive approach not only reduces mosquito populations but also helps in controlling the spread of mosquito-borne diseases, showcasing effective local innovation in public health and vector control.  PHILIPPINE INVENTIONS eJeepney The eJeepney is a Philippine innovation that represents a significant step towards sustainable and eco-friendly transportation. Developed to address both urban pollution and the high cost of fossil fuels, the eJeepney is an electric-powered version of the traditional jeepney, a popular mode of public transport in the Philippines. It utilizes electric batteries instead of diesel engines, reducing emissions and operating costs. The eJeepney aims to provide a cleaner, quieter, and more energy- efficient alternative to conventional jeepneys, contributing to improved air quality and supporting the country’s efforts to promote green transportation solutions.  Activity No.2 1. Give three (3) other major scientific and technological developments in the world or in the Philippines that created a large impact on your daily life. (20 Points) 2. What historical antecedents gave rise to the inventions you mentioned in the first question. (10 points each) Total of 50 Points