E-Commerce and E-Governance PDF

18:36 O LE 93% A new development in Lisbon -... X Ad Enjoy luxury and well-be ing wit... 26 2...

18:36 O LE 93% A new development in Lisbon -... X Ad Enjoy luxury and well-be ing wit... 26 2 E-Commerce and E-Governance Let us learn service to others then it is called as Commnerce. E-Commerce - concept, advantages, One of the most popular activity on disadvantages and types. E-Commerce Trade cycle. the Web is shopping. E-Commerce became possible in 1991 when the Internet Various Payment modes. was opened to commercial use. Since that Common forms of E-Commerce. date thousands of businesses have taken Electronic Data Interchange. up residence at websites. History of E-Governance-concept, advantages e-commerce is a history of a new, virtual and types. world which is evolving according to the Various security measures. customer advantage. 2.2 Definition of E-Commerce 2.1Introduction E-Commerce stands for Electronic "E-Commerce can be broadly defined Commerce. Before moving to the concept as the process of buying and selling of of E-Commerce, let's first, understand goods or services using an electronic medium such as Internet." what is commerce? E-commerce is also referred as a Commerce is an important part of a paperless exchange of business business. In simple words, commerce is information using EDI, E-mail, Electronic nothing but buying and selling of goods. fund transfer etc. That means when we buy a product or service from others or sell a product or Difference between Traditional Commerce and E-Commerce : Traditional Commerce E-commerce Traditional commerce focuses on the ex-E-commerce trading activities are online change of products and services through via the internet and can be considered personal interactions so it is manual. automatic. Traditional commerce is limited to busi- E-commerce is 24X7, it can be done ness hours, mostly during the day. anytime day and night. As far as consumer interactions are con-E-commerce can be termed as screen to cerned, traditional commerce provides face interaction.  8 Y 93% 18:36 O Anew development in Lisbon -.. X Ad Enjoy luxury and well-being wit.. : Difference between Traditional Commerce and E-Commerce Traditional Commerce E-commerce Traditional commerce focuses on the ex-E-commerce trading activities are online be considered change of products and services through via the internet and can personal interactions so it is manual. automatic. Traditional commerce is limited to busi- E-commerce is 24X7, it can be done nesshours, mostly during the day. anytime day and night. can be termed as screen to |As far as consumer interactions are con-E-commerce cerned, traditional commerce provides face interaction. face to face interaction. Traditional commerce is limited to a E-commerce is global and has no physical particular geographical location. limitation. Modes of payment in traditional In E-commerce modes of payments are commerce include cash, cheques and bank transfer, credit card, e-wallet, mobile payment and many more. credit cards. Goods and delivery of services is instant| In E-commerce delivery of goods or with traditional commerce. services takes some time. Traditional Commerce's scope is local. E-commerce's scope is global. Advantages of E-Commerce: the cost of searching a product. E-commerce has enabled rural " Global scope: E-commerce provides areas to access services and products, the sellers with a global reach. Now which are othervwise not available sellers and buyers can meet in the to them. virtual world, without barrier of place (geography)». Anytime shopping : One other great advantage is the convenience. A Electronic transaction : E-commerce customer can shop 24x7. The website reduces the paper work and is functional at all times, it does not significantly lower the transaction cost. E-Commerce enables the use of have working hours like a shop. credit cards, debit cards, smart cards, " No intermediaries: Electronic electronic fund transfer via bank's commerce also allows the customer website and other modes of electronic and the business to be in touch directly. payment. without any intermediaries. This allows for quick communication and Cost Saving:E-commerce application transactions. provides users with more options to compare and select the cheaper " Public services: E-commerce helps and better option. It helps in reducing the government to deliver public 28 services such as healthcare, education, notification to the b social services at a reduced cost and organization via email and in an improved manner. organization will dispatch the product/ goods to the customer. These B2C Disadvantages of E-Commerce: businesses are online retailers. " Setup Cost :The setupof the hardware Example : Amazon, Flipkart etc. and the software, the training cost of employees, the constant maintenance 6.DELIVERY and upkeep are all quite expensive. 1. CUSTOMER 6.EXPEDITION " Physical presence : This lack of a Online Store (e-commerce B2G) 2.ONLINESTORE personal touch can be a disadvantage 4PAYMENT for many types of services and 3. PROOUCTS AOFFERS products like interior designing or the jewellery business. 18:36 Te. 93% A new development in Lisbon -.. X Ad Enjoy luxury andwell-being wit... Business - to - Business (B2B) : In Security:Security is another area of B2B model, business sells it's products concern. Credit card theft, identity to an intermediate buyer who then theft etc. remain big concerns with the sells the product to the final customer. customers. As an example, a wholesaler places " Goods Delivery: There may arrive an order from a company's website some problem with fulfilment of and after receiving the consignment, order. Even after the order is placed sells the product to the final customer who comes to buy the product at one there can be problems with shipping, delivery, mix-ups etc. This leaves the of its retail outlets. Example : Tata customers unhappy and dissatisfied. communications (network provider). Types of E-Commerce : BR The most common participants in e-Commerce are business, administration, government and consumer. The primary e-Commerce types are as follows: " Business - to - Consumer (B2C) : In B2C model, business sells it's products directly to a customer. A customer can view the products shown on the website. The customer can choose a product and order the same. Consumer - to - Consumer (C2C): The website will then send a In C2C model, consumer helps 29 consumer to sell their assets like 2.3 E-Commerce Trade Cycle residential property, cars, motorcycles Atrade cycle is the series ofexchanges, etc., or rent a room by publishing their between a customer and supplier that information on the website. Website take place when a commercial exchange may or may not charge the consumer is executed. Ageneral trade cycle consists for its services. Example OLX, Quikr, of following phases: online auction. " Pre-Sales : It consist of two steps like Search and Negotiate. Customer search for required website for product LY TO sELL PROoUCTS wwT rOBY PROOUCS to be purchased. In Negotiate step customer find a supplier who offers CuSTOHER CUSTOHER 2 ARCEVES ooucrs good quality product at cheaper price and then customer agrees the terms forwarded by supplier. Consumer - to - Business (C2B) : In Execution : This phase co this model, consumers have products Order and Delivery. Custom or services of value that can be an order for the selected prod consumed by businesses. Forexample, after processing the order, cusu the comparison of interest rates of receives delivery of the product. personal loan/car loan provided by Settlement: This phase consist of various banks via websites. A business Invoice (if any) and Payment. Invoice organization who fulfills the means customer will receive a bill for consumer's requirement within the purchased product and after specified budget, approaches the confirmation of received product, customer and provides its services. customer will pay for the same. For e.g. - A blog can be written by an author fora business to improve sale After-Sales : This phase consists of of products, ebay. warranty and After Sale Services. In warranty period, customer will get all maintenance services for free or at  t e l 93% A new Ad Enjoy luxury and development in Lisbon -... well-being wit... X For e.g. - A blog can be author for a business to written by an customer will pay for the same. of products, ebay. improve sale After-Sales : This phase consists of warranty and After Sale Services. In warranty period, customer will get all maintenance services for free or at minimum cost. After sale services means customer will do B (if any) about the complaints performance of product and get maintenance service C2B CONTENT MARKETING from the supplier. A 30, Search Pre-Sale money from bank account is usually Negotiate fast and safer than Order withdrawing and paying in cash because every Deliver ED Execution transaction will be authenticated by checking customer's banking Invoice credentials. Example : NEFT, IMPS Payment Settlement etc. After-Saes 4. E-wallets : E-wallet is a type of After-Sales electronic card which is used for Trade Cycle transactions made online through a 2.4 Modes of Payment computer or a smartphone. E-wallet is a type of pre-paid account in which a user can store money for any future Banldng Carda USS AEPS Mobile Wllet online transaction. An E-wallet is protected with a password. Examples Banks Prepaid CardsPolnt of Sale are State Bank Buddy, Paytm Internet Banking Mblle Banling Micre ATMs Wallets... 1. Credit Cards : Credit cards are the most common way for customers to Do it yourself pay online. Merchants can reach out Find out some more payment modes to an international market with credit used in E-Commerce. cards, by integrating a payment gate 2.5 Forms of way into their business. E-Commerce 2. Mobile Payments : Mobile Some common forms of E-Commerce payments are as follows. offer a quick solution for customers to purchase on e-commerce websites. M-commerce (Mobile commerce) : Mobile payments are also commonly M-Commerce is the buying used on donation portals, browser selling of goods and services games and social media networks. wireless handheld devices Customer can pay by scanning a smartphones and tablets. As a barcode on an app on mobile. e-commerce, m-commerce Examples are apps like BHIM, UPI, users to access online shopp1ng Paytm, Google Pay. Paypal,.etc. platforms without needing to use a 3. Bank Transfers : Bank transfer is desktopcomputer. Someof application of M-Commerce are mobile banking, used when money is sent from one ticket booking, E-bill payment, online bank account to another. Transferring auctions, stock market trading. , 31 A 18:36 O LTE 93% Anew development in Lisbon -.. X Ad Enjoy luxury and well-being wit.. technologies such as mobile commerce, % electronic funds transfer, supply chain NEW management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems and automated data collection systems. Let's see one of the common (SALE) E-commerce technology i.e EDI. Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) : EDI is the electronic interchange of " Social Commerce: Social commerce is a form of electronic commerce that business information using a standardized format; a process which allows one involves social media, online media company to send information to another that supports social interaction. It company electronically rather than on enable shoppers to get advice from paper. Business entities conducting trusted individuals, find goods and business electronically are called trading services and then purchase them. The social networks that spread this advice partners. Many business documents can have been found to increase the be exchanged using EDI, two most customer's trust one retailer over common documents are purchase orders and invoices. It is computer-to-computer another. Social commerce is the use interchange of strictly formatted of networking websites such as documents via telecommunications or Facebook, Instagram and Twitter as physically transported on electronic vehicles to promote and sell products storage media. and services. The success of a social commerce campaign is measured by the degree to which consumers interact with the company's marketing through retweets, likes and shares. in 2.7 E-Governance It signifies the implementation of information technology in the government processes and functions so 2.6 E-Commerce Technology as to cause simple, moral, accountable Electronic commerce draws on and transparent governance. The basic purpose of e-governance is to simplify processes for all, i.e. government, access to the services anytir citizens, businesses etc. at National, State anywhere. Furthermore, and local levels. Hence, E-governance services like license renewals delivers SMART government. (S- Simple, paying tax are essential in G2C. M-Moral, A-Accessible, R-Responsive, It also focuses on geographic land T-Transparent Government) barriers. Advantages of E-governance : 2. Government-to-Business (G2B) > Reduced corruption The Government to business > High transparency is the exchange of services > Increased convenience between Government and Business Direct participation of constituents organizations. G2B provides access Reduction in overall cost. to relevant forms needed to comply. The G2B also consists of many > Expanded reach of government services exchanged between business Types of E-Governance: sectors and government. It aims at 18:37 E G ll 93% A newdevelopment in Lisbon -... Ad Enjoy luxury and well-being wit.. :X Types of E-Governance : sectors and government. It aims at eliminating paper work, saving time, E-Governance is of 4types depending on cost and establish transparency in the specific types of services. the business environment, while interacting with government. 3. Government-to-Government (G2G) The Government-to-Government refers to the interaction between E-Govenance different government departments, organizations and agencies. In G2G, government agencies can share the same database using online communication. The government departments can work together. In conclusion, G2G services can be at 1. Government-to-Citizen (G2C) the local level or the international level. Likewise, it provides safe and The Govermment-to-citizen refers to secure inter-relationship between the government services which enable domestic or foreign government. citizens to get access to wide variety of public services. Most of the 4. Government-to-Employee (G2E) government services fall under The Government-to-Employee is the G2C. It helps the ordinary people to internal part of G2G sector. reduce the time and cost to conduct Furthermore, G2E aims to bring a transaction. A citizen can have employees together and improvise 33 knowledge sharing. Similarly, G2E and desktops. It include services like provides online facilities to the AADHAAR card, Digilocker, Bharat employees like applying for leave, Bill Payment System, PAN, EPFO reviewing salary payment record and services, PMKVY services, AICTE, checking the balance of holiday. The CBSE. It also provides utilities like bills G2E sector provides human resource training and development. So, G2E is payments, education, job search, tax, also the relationship between business, health, agriculture, travel, Indian railway tickets bookings, birth employees, government institutions certificates, e-District, e-Panchayat, and their management. police clearance, passport, other utility Some effective examples of successful services from private companies and implementation of E-Governance much more. projects are e-Mitra project (Rajasthan), e-Seva project (Andhra Pradesh), CET 2.8 Security Measures in E-Commerce (Common Entrance Test). E-Commerce security refers to principles which guide safe el Do you know? transactions, allowing the buy |Digital India is a campaign launched selling of goods and services thr by the Government of India in order to Internet. make Government's services available A) Encryption : Encryption is widery to citizens electronically. Digital India used on the internet to protect user was launched by the Prime Minister of information being sent between a India Narendra Modi on 1 July 2015 browser and a server. This includes with an objective of connecting rural passwords, payment information and areas with high-speed Internet networks other personal information that should and improving digital literacy. be considered private. The process Some of the facilities provided consists of two processes as encryption through this initiative are Bharat net, and decryption. Encryption converts digital locker, e-education, e-health, Plain text ( readable form of data ) e-sign, e-shopping and national into Cipher Text (coded form of data) scholarship portal. means non-readable form of data. UMANG (Unified Mobile Application Decryption is exactly opposite process of encrvption. It Cinher 18:37 O A new development in Lisbon -.. Ad Enjoy luxury and well-being wit... X and improving digital literacy. be considered private. The process Some of the facilities provided consists of two processes as encryption through this initiative are Bharat net, and decryption. Encryption converts digital locker, e-education, e-health, Plain text ( readable form of data ) e-sign, e-shopping and national into Cipher Text (coded form of data) scholarship portal. means non-readable form of data. UMANG (Unified Mobile Application Decryption is exactly opposite process for New-age Governance) Mobile App: of encryption. It converts Cipher text into Plain text. |It is a Government's all-in-one single unified secure multi-platform, multi Encryption is of two types lingual, multi-service freeware mobile 1. Symmetric app for accessing over 1,200 central (Private-Key Encryption ) and state government services through 2. Asymmetric smart phones, feature phones, tablets (Public-Key Encryption 34 Encryption Decryption cipher text Plain text Plain text (readable form of data) (readable form of data) (coded form of data) Digital signature C) Digital Certificate : A B) Digital Signature : A digital electronic Certificate is an electronic "password" also known as an is that allows a person, organization to signature. A digital signature exchange data securely over the guarantees the authenticity of an Internet using the public key electronic document or message in infrastructure (PKI). Digital digital communication and uses asymmetric Certificate is also known as a public encryption technique ( key certificate or identity certificate. proof of cryptography) to provideunmodified transferred information is In this and partners who original between two authorized documentation. Digital signatures are have digital certificates issued by used in e-commerce, software some supreme authority. distribution, financial transactions. direct transfer of This is the information between two partners. Pd dand signatures Document Sample Signed PDF Digitally signed by John B Harris st=CA, I=San Jose, DN O=Adobe Systems Incorporated, cn=John BHarris, ibharrisadobe.com emailjb on: Lam the author of this Reason: documer Date: 2009.07.16 10-47:47 -0400