Kingdoms of Life PDF

Kingdoms of Life Classification of Living Organisms Prof.Dr. Hala El-Haroun  Grouping Makes Things Easy! Living things are also placed in groups to make it easier to study them and their relationship to one another.  Classification Into Kingdoms  All living things can be placed...

Kingdoms of Life Classification of Living Organisms Prof.Dr. Hala El-Haroun  Grouping Makes Things Easy! Living things are also placed in groups to make it easier to study them and their relationship to one another.  Classification Into Kingdoms  All living things can be placed into one of Five major categories called ‘Kingdoms’:  Monera,  Protista,  Fungi,  Plantae  and Animalia. Five kingdom classification is done on the basis of 5 factors- 1-cell structure, 2-body organization, 3-mode of nutrition, 4-mode of reproduction, 5-and phylogenetic relationship. It also puts unicellular and multicellular organisms into different groups. Kingdoms of Life * Plant ( Further Classification  Organisms can be further classified based on other similarities, such as structure and early development.  Kingdom  Phylum  Class  Order Going down the list, each category  Family contains organisms  Genus that are more and  Species more alike! KingPhilip Came Over For Good Spaghetti You can remember the subgroups of each kingdom with this acronym… King = kingdom Philip = phylum Came = class Over = order For = family Good = genus Spaghetti = species Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Animalia – an animal Variety Chordata – internal skeleton (spinal chord) Mammalia – a mammal Carnivora – carnivor Canidae – dog like characteristics Canis – coyote, wolves, dogs Familiaris – domesticated Collie – the specific breed Taxonomy taxonomy (taxis) 'arrangement' (-nomia) 'method') Taxonomy is the scientific study of naming, describing, and classifying organisms based on similar features. The genus and species of a human is: Genus: Homo – man (human) Species: sapien –wise  Kingdom Monera Moneran –Unicellular prokaryotic organisms. Prokaryotic organisms are unicellular beings that lack a true nucleus, and their DNA is found in the cytoplasm of the cell. Eg:Bacteria and Archaea.  Kingdom Protista Review: What is a protist? Protist – an organism that is typically one cell that has a membrane bound nucleus.  Examples of protists: Green Algae Amoeba Euglena Protozoan Diatoms  Protista Algae: a group of protists that can make their own food through photosynthesis. GREEN  Fungi Fungus – a decomposing, or parasitic organism that is separated from the plant kingdom because of the way it gets nutrients.  Examplesof fungi:  Mushrooms  Yeast  Mold  Mildew Fungi are either: Saprophytic (they feed on dead plant and animal material), Parasitic (they feed off a living host) Symbiotic (they share a mutually beneficial relationship with another organism). Saprophytic fungi release enzymes to soften the dead plant or animal.  Animalia Animal – multi-cellular organism that can move; able to consume other organisms for food (food chain).  Animalia Vertebrates – animals with a backbone Invertebrates – animals without a backbone  Animal - Vertebrates  Vertebrates can be split into 5 groups based on characteristics such as: - Skin covering - Warm blooded/cold blooded - How they deliver offspring - How they feed their babies - How they breathe The five classes of vertebrates are: Mammals MR. FAB Reptiles Fish Amphibians Birds cold-blooded (internal body temperature changes with the temperature of the surroundings). Fish, amphibians, and reptiles warm-blooded (maintain a nearly constant body temperature regardless of the surrounding temperature).Birds and mammals Why do scientists use a standard classification system? 1 official name for each Shows the relationship between animals  It is easier to locate names/species  Scientists can share information & collaborate  Keeps it organized  This system allows scientists to identify new species  Eliminates misnaming {ex: a star fish is not a fish}  Easy to use system with clear rules for naming  Latin – uses 1 common language Smallest taxon of classification is _______. A-Kingdom B-Family C-Variety D-Species In which of the following kingdom are Archaea organisms classified? A-Animalia B-Plantae C-Monera D-Fungi Which among the following don’t contain nuclear membrane? a) Monera b) Protista c) Fungi d) Animalia Plantae consists of _______ a) Prokaryotes b) Unicellular organisms c) Multi-cellular organism d) Heterotrophs