9th Lit Comp Midterm Review Fall 2024 PDF

Midterm Review Fall 2024 Parenthetical/in-text Citations & Citing textual Evidence Citing textual evidence help to create a stronger argument. Your evidence should be embedded in your own writing (remember, a quote cannot stand on its own). At the end of the quote, include author last name and...

Midterm Review Fall 2024 Parenthetical/in-text Citations & Citing textual Evidence Citing textual evidence help to create a stronger argument. Your evidence should be embedded in your own writing (remember, a quote cannot stand on its own). At the end of the quote, include author last name and page number. Example of citing a quote: “It was a pleasure to burn. It was a pleasure to see things eaten, to see things blackened and changed” (Bradbury 3). Supporting and textual evidence Citing textual evidence requires students to look back into the text for evidence to support an idea, answer a question or make a claim. Citing evidence requires students to think more deeply about the text, analyze the author, source etc. Students also need to practice finding strong evidence to support their ideas. Claim & Counterclaim A claim is your main argument. A counterclaim is the opposite of that argument, or the opposing argument. Reason explains why the claim is made, and should be supported by evidence. Evidence is the facts or research to support your claim (textual evidence pulled from a text or information pulled from a reliable source). Inference Making an inference involves using what you know to make a guess about what you do not know (reading between the lines). When reading, use clues from the text along with personal experiences to help you figure out what is not directly said by the author. Paradox vs Hyperbole Hyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally. EX: I am so hungry I could eat a horse. Paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth. EX: “He was fire, he was ice.” Onomatopoeia The formation of a word from a sound associated with what is named. EX: Boom, Sizzle, Bang, Clap Personification The attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something nonhuman, or the representation of an abstract quality in human form. EX: I could hear the snow whisper as it blanketed the ground. Homeric Similes/ Invocation Homeric similes: Elaborately extended comparisons that relate heroic events to simple everyday events. Invocation: A formal plea for aid or help Allusion An implied or indirect reference to a person, event, thing, or part of another text. “He saw their Cheshire cat smiles burning through the walls of the house.” Idiom A figure of speech that means something different than a literal translation of the words would lead one to believe. Cold feet, Heading right off the cliff Metaphor/ Similes Metaphor: Compares two things by stating one thing is another. “Christ is a regular peppermint stick now.” Simile: Directly compares two things using like or as. “Sitting there like a wax doll melting in its own heat.” Foreshadowing/ Flashback Foreshadowing: When the author gives an advance hint about what is to come later in the story. Flashback: An interjected scene that takes the narrative back in time from the current point in the story In Media Res The action of the story begins in the middle of things. Example: The Odyssey is told in media res. Themes of An ePic The power of good over evil The pitfalls of temptation Respect for the gods The power of the mind over muscles The importance of leadership and justice Fate Characteristics of An ePic Refer to “Epic Heroes Note Sheet” Motif A recurring image, idea, or symbol. Motifs can carry meaning and often reveal a theme. Ex: Silence is a recurring motif in Night. Reasons authors write survival stories To warn or advice their readers To create/ establish the future consequences of present day actions To expose society’s lust for greed, power, and control characterization Characterization is a writer’s tool, or “literary device” that occurs any time the author uses details to teach us about a character. Dynamic/ Static Complex character, also known as a dynamic character is highly developed and complex-- meaning they have a variety of traits and different sides to their personality. A static character stays the same throughout the story. They do not go through any kind of change in mindset. Foil Character Foil characters are those who contrast with another character; most of the time it is the protagonist, to highlight qualities of the other character. Protagonist vs Antagonist Protagonist: The main character, the hero, the good guy or girl, has a problem that needs solving Antagonist: The main character’s “enemy,” the bad guy or girl, stands in the way of the protagonist solving the problem Symbolism Symbols are often characters, settings, images, or other motifs that represent bigger ideas. Authors often use symbolism to give their work more meaning and to make a story be about more than the events it describes. Theme/Central idea Theme is the central idea, or insight, about life and human behavior that a story reveals. It is the idea on which the story is built. Main Idea The main idea is the point of the paragraph. It is the most important thought about the topic. To figure out the main idea, ask yourself this question: What is being said about the person, thing, or idea (the topic)? Connotation Is a feeling or idea that a word has, in addition to its literal or main meaning (the denotation). For example, “This clothing is affordable!” versus “This clothing is cheap!” In the first example, affordable has a positive connotation. In the second example cheap has a negative connotation. Even though affordable and cheap mean the same thing, they have different connotations associated with them. mood Mood is the general feeling or atmosphere that a piece of writing creates within the reader. Mood is produced most effectively through the use of setting, theme, voice and tone. Tone The definition of "tone" in literature is the way the author expresses attitude through their writing. EX: sad, joyful, formal, informal, pessimistic, optimistic, lonely Author’s Purpose Author’s purpose is their reason for or intent in writing. Examples: amuse the reader, persuade the reader, inform the reader Author’s description The author's perspective, or viewpoint, is how the author feels about the subject. Tone: Tone expresses the writer's attitude toward or feelings about the subject matter and audience. audience Audience is the person for whom a writer writes. A writer uses a particular style of language, tone, and content according to what they know about their audience. Conflicts Man vs Self - When a character has internal conflict within his or her self Man vs Nature - When a character has a conflict with weather changes, global catastrophes, unfamiliar environments, etc. Man vs Society- When a character has a conflict with the society they live in, an issue with humanity or power structures Man vs Gods - When a character encounters the supernatural or some force beyond scientific understanding