Creative Writing Key Points To Review PDF

**CREATIVE WRITING : Key Points to Review** - ***WRITING*** - *[Process of using symbols/letters to communicate thoughts and ideas in readable form. ]* - A form of artistic expression, draws on the imagination to convey meaning through imagination. - **Forms of Wr...

**CREATIVE WRITING : Key Points to Review** - ***WRITING*** - *[Process of using symbols/letters to communicate thoughts and ideas in readable form. ]* - A form of artistic expression, draws on the imagination to convey meaning through imagination. - **Forms of Writing** 1. Imaginative/Creative -- came from the author's imagination. *[Fictional. ]* 2. Technical [ ] -- provide basic information. Particular subject that requires *[direction, instruction or explanation]*. 3. Academic writing -- *[aids readers understanding]*. Requires to follow a certain format like essays and research. 4. Journalistic -- nonfiction. *[Used to report news and factual events.]* - ***SENSORY*** - **Imagery --** *[mental picture]* that readers experience when reading literature. 1. Visual Imagery -- visual setting. Uses the sense of sight. 2. Gustatory -- sense of taste. 3. Olfactory -- sense of smell. 4. Auditory -- sense of hearing. 5. Tactile -- sense of touch. - **Diction** ( Sensory Experience ) -- *[the writer\'s or speaker's distinctive vocabulary style and expression]*. The careful selection of words to communicate message or establish a particular voice or writing style. - **2 TYPES : 1. Formal Diction** -- *[uses a grammatical rules and uses proper syntax]* or the formation of sentences. It is considered as professional. **2. Informal Diction** -- [ *more conversational*] and often used in *[narrative literature]*. - *FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE* - Comes from the old French word "figuratif" meaning metaphorical. - A broad category of speech that describes when words go beyond their traditional dictionary, definition and meaning. 1. [**Simile**] -- uses words "like" or "as" to make a comparison between two unlike things. [Indirect comparison. ] 2. [**Metaphor**] -- [compares two entities directly]. States that one thing is another thing. 3. [**Hyperbole**] -- greek word "excess" ; a figure of speech that uses extreme exaggeration to make a point, show emphasis or the opposite of understatement. 4. [**Personification**] -- the attribution of human characteristics on things or nonliving things. 5. [**Assonance**] -- repetition of the same or similar vowel sounds within words or phrases. 6. [**Alliteration**] -- opposite of assonance. Repetition of consonant words at the beginning of a word. 7. [**Synecdoche**] -- uses a part of a thing to refer the whole. 8. [**Cliché**] -- phrases or ideas that upon their inception may have been striking and thought provoking out become an original through repetition. 9. [**Metonymy**] -- greek word "metonyma" meaning change of name. An object or idea is referred to by the name of something closely associated with it as opposed to by its own name. - *FICTION* - Literature created from the imagination. ( Comes from the imagination of an author or a writer. ) - It may be based on true story or situation. - ***Character*** -- the people the reader follows through your story. They\'re the ones we watch pro and develop. - Protagonist -- the main/major character in the person that the story is following. - Antagonist -- the villain, the person that opposes or fights against another character or the protagonist. - Love interest -- a person whose main role in the story is to fall in love with the protagonist. - Foil -- character who contrast with another character to highlight their qualities or progress. - Supporting character -- the minor/side characters, can be anyone who isn\'t the protagonist, antagonist etc. - ***Conflict*** -- a struggle between two opposing forces. - Internal conflict : when a character struggles with their own opposing desire or beliefs. - External conflict : a character is the problem. 1. Character vs. Self -- internal conflict. 2. Character vs. Character -- external conflict. 3. Character vs. Society -- society government cultural tradition. 4. *Character vs. Nature --* weather wilderness or natural disasters. 5. *Character vs. Supernatural --* ghost gods monsters. - ***Setting*** -- the place, time or environment where the scenarios take place. It answers the questions where and when. - ***Plot*** -- sequence of story and describes the event. 1. *[**Exposition**]* -- the beginning of the story where setting usually appears. 2. ***[Inciting incident]*** -- the complication begins to show story becomes exciting. 3. ***[Rising action]*** -- the part where it becomes more exciting. 4. ***[Climax]*** -- the highest intense moment and greatest tension. 5. ***[Falling action]*** -- result of the climax, reaching the conclusion. 6. ***[Denouement]*** -- French word, the final outcome or conclusion of the story. 1. Linear -- "Aristotelian plot". Situation, conflict and resolution. Protasis, epitasis and catastrophe. 2. Episodic -- a series of loosely related tied together short events or episodes that are linked together. 3. Cumulative -- events are repeated with one new aspect other. Starts with one person, place, thing or event consist of one setting. 4. Circular -- in which the characters end up in the same place in the beginning and in the end. 5. Plotless plots -- narratives are written without traditionally recognizable. There is no blood but still evoke reading. - IRONY AND POINT OF VIEW - ***[Irony]*** -- literary device. A contradiction of expectation between what is said and what is really meant. --- Verbal Irony : when a character intentionally says the opposite of what they mean. - A way of injecting with you humor into someone speech or writing. --- Situational Irony : the contrast between the actual result of a situation and what was intended or expected to happen. - Reality contradicts an unexpected outcome. 1. *[Dramatic Irony]* -- the audience or reader knows more than the character about the events. - What character thinks is true incongruous with the audience know. 2. *Sarcasm* -- a biting remark that is worded ironically so it may sound like praise but it is really an insult. 3. *Satire* -- **[Comedic Criticism]** ; it uses a lot of humor and a lot of ridicule, irony, mockery, and sarcasm. It can be the prejudices. - ***Point of view ( POV )*** 1. First Person POV -- where the story is told by the narrator from his/her pov. - Objective First Person POV -- the story is narrated by fictional character who plays a minor part in the story. - Subjective First Person POV -- the first person narrator is the main character or one of the main characters in the story. 2. Third Person POV -- the narrator does not appear in the story but refers to the story. - Omniscient Third Person POV -- the narration sees, knows and usually reveals everything about the character in the story. - Objective Third Person POV -- narration simply describes what the character do and say. - Close Third Person POV -- limited third pov or free indirect discourse, where in the narration usually reveals. Moves the point of view from outside the characters to inside one character's head. - **LITERATURE** - A body of written works. - The name was traditionally been applied to those imaginative works of poetry and prose distinguished by the intentions of their authors and the perceived aesthetic excellence of their execution. Types : 1. Prose -- Fiction and Nonfiction 2. Poetry -- Narrative, Dramatic and Lyric - *[Poetry]* -- type of literature that conveys a thought describes a scene or tells a story in a concentrated lyrical arrangement of words. - It can be structured, with rhyming lines and meter. The rhythm and emphasis of a line based on syllabic beats. - Literature that evokes a concentrated imaginative awareness of experience or a specific emotional response through language chosen and arranged for its meaning or sound. ***PARTS OF POETRY*** - **Stanza** -- series of lines grouped together and separated by an empty line from other stanzas. Equivalent to a paragraph in an essay. 1. ***Monostich Stanza*** -- one line stanza structure poetry. Can stand alone as an entire poem, or it can be used to break up the rhythm of a poem. 2. ***Couplet stanza*** -- stanza structure with two lines that usually rhymes. 3. ***Intercept stanza*** -- stanza made up of three lines. All three lines rhyme or the first and third line rhyme ( ABA pattern ). 4. ***Quatrain stanza --*** A stanza with four lines. The second and the fourth lines typically rhyme. 5. ***Sestet stanza*** -- "sestain", a stanza with a total of six lines. 6. ***Septet stanza -- "rhyme royal", a stanza with a total of seven lines.*** 7. ***Octave stanza* --** a stanza consists of 8 lines in iambic pentameter ( 10 syllables beats a line ). 8. ***Heterometric stanza --*** a stanza in which every line is a different length. - **Line break** -- refers to where an author has chosen to end one line in a poem and begin another. - It can either be an example of enjambment, which means the author has chosen to end a line without completing a sentence or clause, or can be an end -- stopped line, which is a line thought completes a sentence or clause. - Rhyme -- repetition of similar sounds. - In poetry, the most common kind of rhyme is the end rhyme, which occurs at the end of two or more lines. 1. **[ABAB]** or **[Alternate Rhyme]** -- first and third line rhyme at the end, and the second and fourth lines also rhyme at the end following the pattern ABAB for each stanza. 2. **[AABB]** or **[Coupled Rhyme]** -- a two lines stanza that rhymes following the rhyme scheme ABAB. 3. **[ABCB or Simple Four line Rhyme]** -- follows a rhyme scheme of ABCB. 4. **[AABBA]** -- follows a rhyme scheme of AABBA. - **Meter or Rhythm** -- describes the rhythm or pattern of beats in a line. - It is the combination of number of beats and the arrangement of stress and non-stressed syllables. ***ELEMENTS OF POETRY*** 1. **[Content]** -- *subject of the poem.* Answers the question what. 2. **[Speaker]** -- *the person who is addressing the reader.* The speaker is the voice or the persona of a poem 3. **[Theme]** -- *the meaning of the poem or the moral of the poem*. The main idea that poet is trying to communicate. Maybe stated directly or implied. 4. **[Shape and Form]** -- *actual shape and form of poetry.* 5. **[Mood or Tone]** -- *feeling* that the poet creates and the reader senses through the poet's choice of words, rhythm, rhyme, style and structure. 6. **[Imagery]** -- the *pictures* which we perceive with our mind's eyes, ears, nose, tongue, skin and through which we *experience the duplicate world.* ***FORMS OF POETRY*** - Lyric Poetry ***--*** who expresses strong thoughts and feelings. ( Poem with one person ) - ***Types of Lyric Poetry*** 1. *[**Ode**]* -- "aeidein" means to sing and dance. Praising and glorifying an individual, commemorating an event or describing nature. It [usually is accompanied with music.] 2. *[**Elegy**]* -- written in elegiac couplets that expresses sorrow or lamentation usually for one who was die. The purpose is to "mourn the dead." 3. *[**Sonnet**]* -- consists of 14 lines and in english version it has diamic pattern. a. *[Italian or petrarchan sonnet]* -- consists of an octave and sested. ABBA, ABBA, CDECDE or CDCCDC, CDDCDE, or CDCDCD. b. *[**Shakespearean** **Sonnet**]* -- consists of three quatrains (four lines each) and a concluding couplet (two lines) The final couplet is the summary. The rhyming pattern is ABAB CDCD EFEF GG. c. ***[Spenserian Sonnet]*** -- is divided into three quatrains, or segments of four lines, followed by a rhyming couplet. The rhyming pattern is usually ABAB BCBC CDCD EE.