Layer Nutrition 2023 UoG 2 PDF

Integrated Layer Nutrition October 3 and 5 2023 Poultry Nutrition ANSC 4280 Samantha Medeiros  Historical Feeding of Layers 70% of the cost of poultry products is feed Poultry industry is a consequence of the Green Revolution started by the development of high-yiel...

Integrated Layer Nutrition October 3 and 5 2023 Poultry Nutrition ANSC 4280 Samantha Medeiros  Historical Feeding of Layers 70% of the cost of poultry products is feed Poultry industry is a consequence of the Green Revolution started by the development of high-yielding grains by scientists such as Norman Borlaug Soybeans George Washington Carver recognized the value of soybeans as a source of protein and oil in 1904. His recommendation to rotate cotton crops with soybeans increased soil fertility and crop productivity  Basic Layer Formula Corn 550.3 Soybean Meal 282 80% Corn and SBM Limestone 101 10% Limestone Vegetable Oil/Poultry Fat 43 Dicalcium Phosphate 15.7 Salt 3.5 Methionine 2.97 Layer Premix 1 Choline 0.5 Nutrient Specifications ME Poultry Kcal/kg 2,900 Crude Protein % 17 Animal CP % 2.5 Crude Fat % 3.5 Crude Fibre % 2.8 Calcium % 4.20 Phos Total % 0.50 Phos Av Poultry % 0.43 Ca/PavP Ratio 9.76 Sodium % 0.17 Chloride % 0.20  Amino 2023 Base Acids & minus Pork Layer MBM Bakery Feather CP min DDGS Enzymes MBMMeal Corn 551 605 515 513 571 571 508 495555 Soybean Meal 282 200 202 187 135 135 95 147145 Limestone 100 87 87 86 86 86 86 104100 Poultry Fat 43 27 20 16 8 8 0 9 0 Dicalcium Phosphate 15.7 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.32.3 Salt 3.5 1.9 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 1.51.4 Methionine 2.9 2.6 2.5 2.0 2.5 2.5 2.2 2.22.4 Layer Premix 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Choline 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.50.5 Meat and Bone Meal 75 72 72 72 72 75 0 0 Bakery Meal 100 92 92 92 100 100100 Feather Meal 30 30 30 30 30 30 Lysine 1.5 1.5 2.3 2.3 1.85 Threonine 0 0 0 0.0 0 Tryptophan 0 0 0 0 0 DDGS 0 100 100 32 Phytase 0.1 0.10.1 Xylanase 0.1 0.10.1 Pork Meal 28 Total 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 Cost $ 512 $ 450 $ 443 $ 441 $ 413 $ 413 $ 398 $ 427 $ 422 Cost Change $ (62) $ (7) $ (2) $ (28) $ - $ (15) $ 29 $ (5)  Amino 2023 Base Acids & minus Pork Layer MBM Bakery Feather CP min DDGS Enzymes MBMMeal Corn 551 605 515 513 571 571 508 495555 Soybean Meal 282 200 202 187 135 135 95 147145 Limestone 100 87 87 86 86 86 86 104100 Poultry Fat 43 27 20 16 8 8 0 9 0 Dicalcium Phosphate 15.7 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.32.3 Salt 3.5 1.9 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 1.51.4 Methionine 2.9 2.6 2.5 2.0 2.5 2.5 2.2 2.22.4 Layer Premix 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Choline 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.50.5 Meat and Bone Meal 75 72 72 72 72 75 0 0 Bakery Meal 100 92 92 92 100 100100 Feather Meal 30 30 30 30 30 30 Lysine 1.5 1.5 2.3 2.3 1.85 Threonine 0 0 0 0.0 0 Tryptophan 0 0 0 0 0 DDGS 0 100 100 32 Phytase 0.1 0.10.1 Xylanase 0.1 0.10.1 Pork Meal 28 Total 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 Cost $ 512 $ 450 $ 443 $ 441 $ 413 $ 413 $ 398 $ 427 $ 422 Cost Change $ (62) $ (7) $ (2) $ (28) $ - $ (15) $ 29 $ (5)  Amino 2023 Base Acids & minus Pork Layer MBM Bakery Feather CP min DDGS Enzymes MBMMeal Corn 551 605 515 513 571 571 508 495555 Soybean Meal 282 200 202 187 135 135 95 147145 Limestone 100 87 87 86 86 86 86 104100 Poultry Fat 43 27 20 16 8 8 0 9 0 Dicalcium Phosphate 15.7 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.32.3 Salt 3.5 1.9 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 1.51.4 Methionine 2.9 2.6 2.5 2.0 2.5 2.5 2.2 2.22.4 Layer Premix 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Choline 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.50.5 Meat and Bone Meal 75 72 72 72 72 75 0 0 Bakery Meal 100 92 92 92 100 100100 Feather Meal 30 30 30 30 30 30 Lysine 1.5 1.5 2.3 2.3 1.85 Threonine 0 0 0 0.0 0 Tryptophan 0 0 0 0 0 DDGS 0 100 100 32 Phytase 0.1 0.10.1 Xylanase 0.1 0.10.1 Pork Meal 28 Total 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 Cost $ 512 $ 450 $ 443 $ 441 $ 413 $ 413 $ 398 $ 427 $ 422 Cost Change $ (62) $ (7) $ (2) $ (28) $ - $ (15) $ 29 $ (5)  Amino 2023 Base Acids & minus Pork Layer MBM Bakery Feather CP min DDGS Enzymes MBMMeal Corn 551 605 515 513 571 571 508 495555 Soybean Meal 282 200 202 187 135 135 95 147145 Limestone 100 87 87 86 86 86 86 104100 Poultry Fat 43 27 20 16 8 8 0 9 0 Dicalcium Phosphate 15.7 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.32.3 Salt 3.5 1.9 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 1.51.4 Methionine 2.9 2.6 2.5 2.0 2.5 2.5 2.2 2.22.4 Layer Premix 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Choline 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.50.5 Meat and Bone Meal 75 72 72 72 72 75 0 0 Bakery Meal 100 92 92 92 100 100100 Feather Meal 30 30 30 30 30 30 Lysine 1.5 1.5 2.3 2.3 1.85 Threonine 0 0 0 0.0 0 Tryptophan 0 0 0 0 0 DDGS 0 100 100 32 Phytase 0.1 0.10.1 Xylanase 0.1 0.10.1 Pork Meal 28 Total 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 Cost $ 512 $ 450 $ 443 $ 441 $ 413 $ 413 $ 398 $ 427 $ 422 Cost Change $ (62) $ (7) $ (2) $ (28) $ - $ (15) $ 29 $ (5)  Amino 2023 Base Acids & minus Pork Layer MBM Bakery Feather CP min DDGS Enzymes MBMMeal Corn 551 605 515 513 571 571 508 495555 Soybean Meal 282 200 202 187 135 135 95 147145 Limestone 100 87 87 86 86 86 86 104100 Poultry Fat 43 27 20 16 8 8 0 9 0 Dicalcium Phosphate 15.7 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.32.3 Salt 3.5 1.9 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 1.51.4 Methionine 2.9 2.6 2.5 2.0 2.5 2.5 2.2 2.22.4 Layer Premix 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Choline 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.50.5 Meat and Bone Meal 75 72 72 72 72 75 0 0 Bakery Meal 100 92 92 92 100 100100 Feather Meal 30 30 30 30 30 30 Lysine 1.5 1.5 2.3 2.3 1.85 Threonine 0 0 0 0.0 0 Tryptophan 0 0 0 0 0 DDGS 0 100 100 32 Phytase 0.1 0.10.1 Xylanase 0.1 0.10.1 Pork Meal 28 Total 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 Cost $ 512 $ 450 $ 443 $ 441 $ 413 $ 413 $ 398 $ 427 $ 422 Cost Change $ (62) $ (7) $ (2) $ (28) $ - $ (15) $ 29 $ (5)  Amino 2023 Base Acids & minus Pork Layer MBM Bakery Feather CP min DDGS Enzymes MBMMeal Corn 551 605 515 513 571 571 508 495555 Soybean Meal 282 200 202 187 135 135 95 147145 Limestone 100 87 87 86 86 86 86 104100 Poultry Fat 43 27 20 16 8 8 0 9 0 Dicalcium Phosphate 15.7 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.32.3 Salt 3.5 1.9 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 1.51.4 Methionine 2.9 2.6 2.5 2.0 2.5 2.5 2.2 2.22.4 Layer Premix 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Choline 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.50.5 Meat and Bone Meal 75 72 72 72 72 75 0 0 Bakery Meal 100 92 92 92 100 100100 Feather Meal 30 30 30 30 30 30 Lysine 1.5 1.5 2.3 2.3 1.85 Threonine 0 0 0 0.0 0 Tryptophan 0 0 0 0 0 DDGS 0 100 100 32 Phytase 0.1 0.10.1 Xylanase 0.1 0.10.1 Pork Meal 28 Total 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 Cost $ 512 $ 450 $ 443 $ 441 $ 413 $ 413 $ 398 $ 427 $ 422 Cost Change $ (62) $ (7) $ (2) $ (28) $ - $ (15) $ 29 $ (5) Ingredient values in formulations Ingredient Cost Other available ingredients and costs Nutrient Specifications Nutrient Requirements Other functional components of ingredients (e.g. DDGS) 13 Dried distillers grains with solubles Ingredients can be source of yeast pre-biotics DDGS by-product when yeast used to produce ethanol from corn Citric acid production also uses yeast 14  Water Hens drink water at a rate of 2x the amount of feed consumed daily which is equivalent to 10 to 12% of the hen’s body weight (180 to 220 mL) 70 mL of water is required for the production of each egg 6 to 8 hours without water affects production for 7 to 10 days 24 hours without water can induce a molt Water usage throughout the day is not constant  Hen Daily Water Intake – 2012 Layer Manual – Commercial Poultry Nutrition 60 22% of water intake occurs immediately 57% of water intake 50 following egg laying Water Intake (ml/hr) 40 30 20 10 0 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 AM AM AM AM AM AM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM  30 Flock Daily Water Usage 28 45% of water intake before lights out Avg Hen Water Usage (mL/hr/hen) 26 24 20% of water intake 22 occurs immediately following egg laying 20 18 16 14 25.5 °C Barn 12 32.6 °C Barn 10 8 6 4 2 0  High production flocks Saleable eggs per hen housed has increased by 40 eggs over the past 20 years Laying Persistency – top flocks peak at 97% and can maintain production above 95% for nearly 30 weeks Peak Egg Mass is often sustained from 35 to 70 weeks of age Phase Feeding Protein and energy requirements for egg production change little Goal of phase feeding is now to attempt to control egg size and optimize shell quality  Observational Layer Data Since 2009 14 Lohmann flocks with barn conditions, feed programs, and pullet growers Looked at weekly performance for years 2009-2018 1. Egg Production Trends 2. Feed Intake Trends 3. Egg Size Trends  Trends in Egg Production 2009-2017 93% (Eggs per 365d) 93% 92% 335.7 334.6 92% 333.7 333.6 333.2 333.9 91% 332.1 91% 330.4 y = 0.0024x - 3.9337 90% R² = 0.6999 90% 326.1 89% 89% 88% 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019  High Production Flocks 100.0% 75.0 95.0% 70.0 90.0% 65.0 85.0% Daily Egg Mass (grams) 80.0% 60.0 Egg Production % 75.0% 55.0 70.0% 50.0 65.0% WFS 2016 Top Flocks Production 2016 Breed Production Standard 60.0% WFS 2016 Top Flocks Daily Egg Mass 45.0 2016 Breed Daily Egg Mass Standard 55.0% 40.0 50.0% 35.0 45.0% 40.0% 30.0 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 Hen Age (weeks)  Feed Intake Trends 2009-2017 108.0 End of flock feed intake (g/d/hen) 107.0 106.0 105.0 104.0 103.0 y = 0.3636x - 628.36 102.0 R² = 0.3511 101.0 100.0 99.0 98.0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019  Feed and energy intake Energy (kcal ME/bird/day) = [Body weight (kg)][170-2.2 * °C] +[2 * Egg mass/day (g)] +[5 * Daily weight gain (g)]  Feed Intake Calculations 2012 Manual 2018 Manual p 13 Following are examples of changes to feed and energy Following are examples of changes to feed and energy intake related intake related to varying barn temperatures. These to varying barn temperatures. These calculations are for a 1.65 kg calculations are for a. 1.5 kg bird producing a 55 gram bird producing a 59 grams daily egg mass with about 20% feather loss egg at 90% production, with about 20% feather loss provided a standard layer feed with 2850 kcal/ kg. Effect of Barn Temperature on Feed Intake Effect of Barn Temperature on Feed Intake Barn Daily Energy Daily Feed Barn Daily Energy Daily Feed Temperature Intake Intake Temperature Intake Intake °C °F (kcal) (grams) °C °F (kcal) (grams) 18 64 301 106 18 64 342 114 20 68 293 103 20 68 334 112 22 72 287 101 22 72 326 110 24 75 281 99 24 75 318 108 26 79 273 96 26 79 310 106 28 82 264 93 28 82 300 104  Observational Layer Data Since 2009 14 Lohmann flocks with barn conditions, feed programs, and pullet growers Looked at weekly performance for years 2009-2018 1. Egg Production Trends 2. Feed Intake Trends 3. Egg Size Trends  End of flock egg grade trends 2009 - 2017 100% 90% 20% 22% 24% 25% 26% 28% 26% 25% 80% 30% 70% 60% 50% 49% 48% 49% 48% 48% 47% 48% 48% 47% 40% 30% 20% 23% 22% 20% 19% 19% 18% 17% 19% 19% 10% 0% 3% 3% 3% 4% 4% 4% 4% 3% 3% 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Undergrades %M %L %XL Egg Size Trends Has % M decreased in the Lohmann 2018 flock more than in previous years?  Average Age at 20% M or Less 45.00 Avg of Age at 20%M or less 40.00 35.00 30.00 25.00 20.00 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Year of Flock  Avg of 2 week rate of change after M