Poultry Feeding Specifications (BIS, 2007) PDF

“Nutrient requirements and feeding of poultry” Nutrient requirements are the amount of nutrients required by poultry to support normal function and production. The nutrient requirements are generally expressed in quantities of nutrients required per day or as a percentage of die...

“Nutrient requirements and feeding of poultry” Nutrient requirements are the amount of nutrients required by poultry to support normal function and production. The nutrient requirements are generally expressed in quantities of nutrients required per day or as a percentage of diet. For dairy animals, nutrient requirements are generally expressed as separate body functions but in case of poultry and pigs, combined requirements of maintenance and other body functions are given. 2 Feeding standards: Statements or quantitative descriptions of the amounts of one or more nutrients needed by poultry have been provided by various agencies or organizations. Feedings standards are the tables, which indicate the quantities of nutrients to be fed to the various classes of livestock for different physiological functions like growth, maintenance, lactation, egg production and wool growth. 3  Nutrients Requirements Specifications  India- Bureau of Indian Standard. (BIS)  USA- National Research Council (NRC)  Europe - Agricultural Research Council (ARC).  Commercial poultry farms follow their own feeding standards. 4  Factors affecting on Nutrients Requirements  Genetics (the species, breed or strain of bird): Body sizes, growth rates and production levels and nutrient utilisation...  Age: Body weight and the stage of maturity  Sex of bird: Differed after attaining sexual maturity 5 Reproductive state: The level of egg production in hens and sexual activity in males  Ambient temperature: More energy required in cold weather  Housing system: Deep litter & cage system  Health status: Birds experiencing disease require an increase intake of some nutrients, commonly vitamins. 6 Types of poultry feeds (BIS, 2007): Fifteen types For Broiler 1. Broiler Pre Starter Feed (BPSF):1 to 7 days (0 to 1 wk). 2. Broiler Starter Feed (BSF): 8 to 21 days (2 to 3 wk). 3. Broiler Finisher Feed (BFF): 22 days to finish (3 to 6 wk). 7  For Layer 4. Chick Feed for Layer (CFL): 0 to 8 weeks. 5. Grower Feed Layer (GFL) : 9 to 20 weeks or until laying commences. 6. Layer Feed for Phase-I (LFP-I): 21 weeks to 45 weeks. 7. Layer Feed for Phase-II (LFP-II): 46 weeks to 72 weeks. 8  For Breeder Broiler 8. Breeder Chick Feed for Broiler (BCFB): 0 to 4 weeks. 9. Breeder Grower Feed for Broiler (BGFB): 5 to 22 weeks. 10. Breeder Layer Feed for Broiler (BLFB): 23 week onwards. 11. Breeder Broiler Feed for Male (BBFM): 23 week onwards. 9  For Breeder Layer 12. Chick Feed for Layer Breeder (CFLB): 0 to 4 weeks. 13. Grower Feed for Layer Breeder (GFLB): 5 to 22 weeks. 14. Breeder Layer Feed (BLF): 23 week onwards. 15. Breeder Layer Feed for Male (BLFM): 23 week onwards. 10  Table-1: Nutrients Requirements for Broilers (BIS, 2007) Pre-Starter Starter Finisher Nutrient (0-1 wk) (2-3 wk) (3-6 wk) Moisture (max) % 11 11 11 Energy ME (kcal/kg) 3000 3100 3200 Crude Protein (min) % 23 22 20 Crude fibre (max) % 5 5 5 Ether extract (min) % 3 3.5 4 Calcium (min) % 1.0 1.0 1.0 Available Phosphorus (min) % 0.45 0.45 0.45 Salt (max) % 0.5 0.5 0.5 Acid insoluble ash (max) % 2.5 2.5 2.5 Continue..... 11  Pre-Starter Starter Finisher Nutrient (0-1 wk) (2-3 wk) (3-6 wk) Lysine (min) % 1.3 1.2 1.0 Methionine (min) % 0.5 0.5 0.45 Manganese, mg/kg (min) 100 100 100 Vitamin D3, IU/kg (min) 3000 3000 3000 Vitamin E, mg/kg (min) 30 30 30 Vitamin K, mg/kg (min) 1.5 1.5 1.5 Riboflavin, mg/kg (min) 6 6 6 Biotin, mg/kg (min) 0.15 0.15 0.15 Choline, mg/kg (Min) 500 500 500 Pyridoxine, mg/kg 5 5 5 Aflatoxin(ppb) (Max) 20 20 20 12 Table-2: Nutrient Requirements for Layers (BIS,2007) Layer Layer Chick Grower Phase-I Phase-II Nutrient (0-8 wk) (9-20wk) (21-45 wk) (46-72 wk) Moisture (max) % 11 11 11 11 Energy ME (kcal/kg) 2800 2500 2600 2400 Crude Protein (min) % 20 16 18 16 Crude fibre (max) % 7 9 9 10 Ether extract (min) % 2 2 2 2 Calcium (min) % 1 1 3 3.5 Available Phosphorus (min)% 0.45 0.40 0.40 0.40 Salt (max) % 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Acid insoluble ash (max)% 4 4 4 4.5 Continue..... 13 Nutrient Requirements for Layers (BIS,2007) Layer Layer Chick Grower Nutrient Phase-I Phase-II (0-8 wk) (9-20 wk) (21-45 wk) (46-72 wk) Lysine (min) % 1 0.7 0.7 0.65 Methionine (min) % 0.40 0.35 0.35 0.30 Manganese, mg/kg (min) 70 60 60 60 Vitamin D3, IU/kg (min) 1800 1600 1600 1600 Vitamin E, mg/kg (min) 15 10 10 10 Vitamin K, mg/kg (min) 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Riboflavin, mg/kg (min) 6 5 5 5 Biotin, mg/kg (min) 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 Choline, mg/kg (Min) 500 200 400 400 Pyridoxine, mg/kg 3 3 3 3 14 Table-3: Nutrient Requirements for Layer breeder (BIS,2007) Chick Grower Layer Male Nutrient (0-4 wk) (5-22wk) (>23 wk) (>23 wk) Moisture (max) % 11 11 11 11 Energy ME (kcal/kg) 2800 2600 2600 2600 Crude Protein (min) % 20 16 17 16 Crude fibre (max) % 7 9 9 9 Ether extract (min) % 2 2 2 2 Calcium (min) % 1 1 3.5 1 Available Phosphorus (min)% 0.45 0.40 0.40 0.40 Salt (max) % 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Acid insoluble ash (max)% 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 Continue..... 15  Chick Grower Layer Male Nutrient (0-4 wk) (5-22wk) (>23 wk) (>23 wk) Lysine (min) % 0.95 0.70 0.70 0.80 Methionine (min) % 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 Manganese, mg/kg (min) 100 100 100 100 Vitamin D3, IU/kg (min) 2500 2500 3000 2500 Vitamin E, mg/kg (min) 20 20 50 20 Vitamin K, mg/kg (min) 2 2 3 2 Riboflavin, mg/kg (min) 5 5 6 5 Biotin, mg/kg (min) 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 Choline, mg/kg (Min) 850 850 700 500 Pyridoxine, mg/kg 5 5 6 5 Aflatoxin (ppb) (Max) 20 20 20 20 16 Table-3: Nutrient Requirements for Broiler breeder (BIS,2007) Chick Grower Layer Male Nutrient (0-4 wk) (5-22wk) (>23 wk) (>23 wk) Moisture (max) % 11 11 11 11 Energy ME (kcal/kg) 2800 2750 2800 2750 Crude Protein (min) % 20 16 16 15 Crude fibre (max) % 7 9 9 9 Ether extract (min) % 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 Calcium (min) % 1 1 3.5 1 Available Phosphorus (min)% 0.45 0.45 0.40 0.40 Salt (max) % 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Acid insoluble ash (max)% 4 4 4 4 Continue..... 17  Chick Grower Layer Male Nutrient (0-4 wk) (5-22wk) (>23 wk) (>23 wk) Lysine (min) % 1 0.8 0.85 0.8 Methionine (min) % 0.45 0.40 0.45 0.40 Manganese, mg/kg (min) 100 100 100 100 Vitamin D3, IU/kg (min) 2500 2500 3000 2500 Vitamin E, mg/kg (min) 20 20 50 20 Vitamin K, mg/kg (min) 2 2 3 2 Riboflavin, mg/kg (min) 5 5 6 5 Biotin, mg/kg (min) 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 Choline, mg/kg (Min) 850 850 700 500 Pyridoxine, mg/kg 5 5 6 5 Aflatoxin (ppb) (Max) 20 20 20 20 18  Restricted Feeding in poultry  In pullets: to delay onset of sexual maturity, so that egg size can be improved and uniform sized eggs can be got from a flock.  Broiler breeders: Obesity severely limits the numbers of eggs laid and the fertility of those eggs.  Forced moulting in layers at the end of the laying period.  Every day feeding of a limited amount, or lower nutrient content diet.  Alternate day feeding program. 19  Calorie-protein ratio in poultry  Broiler  Pre-starter- 130:1  Starter- 141:1  Finisher- 160:1  Layer  Chick- 140:1  Grower- 156:1  Layer phase I- 144:1  Layer phase II- 150:1 Continue..... 20  Broiler Breeder  Chick- 140:1  Grower- 172:1  Layer - 175:1  Male- 183:1  Layer Breeder  Chick- 140:1  Grower- 163:1  Layer - 153:1  Male- 163:1 21  Essential amino acids for poultry  Can’t be synthesized in the body at a required rate for normal growth.  Valine, Iso-leucine, Leucine, Lysine,  Methionine, Histidine, Phenylalanine Grower-  Arginine, Threonine, Tryptophan and Glycine 22  Limiting amino acids  Amino acid in a feed that is most deficient relative to animal’s or bird’s requirement is called as limiting amino acid. Limiting amino acids in poultry are: Lysine and Methionine 23 24