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Questions and Answers

What is the daily energy intake (kcal) at a barn temperature of 22°C?

  • 293
  • 301
  • 287 (correct)
  • 273
  • Which barn temperature corresponds to the lowest daily feed intake in grams?

  • 28°C (correct)
  • 20°C
  • 24°C
  • 26°C
  • How much daily feed intake (grams) is associated with a barn temperature of 24°C?

  • 108
  • 99 (correct)
  • 112
  • 106
  • Which combination of daily energy intake and barn temperature is correctly paired based on the provided data?

    <p>26°C and 310 kcal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of feather loss is assumed in these calculations?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What trend is observed in the percentage of medium-sized eggs (%M) from 2009 to 2018?

    <p>%M has decreased overall since 2009.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year did the percentage of undergrades reach its highest level based on the trends provided?

    <p>2014</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the average age at 20% medium or less change from 2008 to 2018?

    <p>The average age has consistently increased.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the average percentage of large eggs (%L) in 2015 based on the data provided?

    <p>25</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the trend generally indicate about the size of eggs from Lohmann's flocks from 2009 to 2018?

    <p>There is a decline in the average egg size.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of hens going without water for 6 to 8 hours?

    <p>It affects production for 7 to 10 days.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much water is needed for the production of each egg?

    <p>70 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of a hen's daily water intake occurs immediately following egg laying?

    <p>22%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of layers' production, what does peak laying persistency refer to?

    <p>The maximum percentage of hens laying eggs over a period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of phase feeding in poultry nutrition?

    <p>To control egg size and optimize shell quality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can occur if a hen goes without water for 24 hours?

    <p>It can induce a molt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has happened to the saleable eggs per hen housed in high production flocks over the past 20 years?

    <p>Increased by 40 eggs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average mL of water needed per hour per hen in a typical barn setting?

    <p>22 mL/hr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'high production flocks' typically achieve in terms of laying persistency?

    <p>97% peak persistency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ingredient is a by-product from the production of ethanol from corn?

    <p>Dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What trend was observed in egg production from 2009 to 2017?

    <p>Average egg production fluctuated but remained around 90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about feed intake trends is accurate?

    <p>There was an upward trend with fluctuations noted in specific years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the equation for energy intake indicate?

    <p>It incorporates body weight, egg mass, and daily weight gain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which year did egg production first measure below 90% based on the trend shown?

    <p>2012</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the high production flocks data presented?

    <p>They consistently exceeded the breed production standard.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trend regarding daily egg mass can be inferred from the information given?

    <p>Daily egg mass trends follow a similar pattern to egg production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the feed intake per hen trend from 2008 to 2017?

    <p>Feed intake per hen decreased after reaching a peak in 2012.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does temperature affect energy intake calculations?

    <p>Higher temperatures reduce required energy intake.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred about egg size trends from the available content?

    <p>Egg size trends were not mentioned in the data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does hen age play in egg production and feed intake trends?

    <p>Egg production declines with increasing hen age.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the cost of poultry products is attributed to feed?

    <p>70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with recognizing the value of soybeans as a protein source?

    <p>George Washington Carver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the crude protein percentage specified in the nutrient specifications for poultry?

    <p>17%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ingredient makes up 10% of the basic layer formula?

    <p>Limestone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the main energy source in the basic layer formula?

    <p>Corn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of Calcium to Phosphorus (Ca/PavP) in the nutrient specifications?

    <p>9.76</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ingredient in the basic layer formula has the highest inclusion level?

    <p>Corn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the crude fat percentage specified for poultry nutrition?

    <p>3.5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid is included in the basic layer formula?

    <p>Methionine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cost of the basic layer formula per unit?

    <p>$512</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ingredient represents a source of phosphorus in the basic layer formula?

    <p>Dicalcium Phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the minimum crude fiber specification in the nutrient requirements?

    <p>2.8%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total amount of ingredients (in grams) used in the basic layer formula?

    <p>1000 grams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which functional component is NOT included in the layer premix?

    <p>Antioxidants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Integrated Layer Nutrition

    • Poultry industry is a major outcome of the Green Revolution, driven by the development of high-yielding grains like corn and wheat.
    • Grain availability significantly lowered feed costs.
    • 70% of the cost of poultry products is feed.
    • George Washington Carver recognized soybeans as a vital source of protein and oil in 1904. Rotating cotton crops with soybeans improved soil fertility and crop productivity.

    Basic Layer Formula

    • The basic layer formula consists of several ingredients:
      • Corn (550.3)
      • Soybean Meal (282)
      • Limestone (101)
      • Vegetable Oil/Poultry Fat (43)
      • Dicalcium Phosphate (15.7)
      • Salt (3.5)
      • Methionine (2.97)
      • Layer Premix (1)
      • Choline (0.5)
    • The formula is composed of 80% corn and soybean meal and 10% limestone.

    Nutrient Specifications

    • ME Poultry Kcal/kg: 2,900
    • Crude Protein (%): 17
    • Animal CP (%): 2.5
    • Crude Fat (%): 3.5
    • Crude Fibre (%): 2.8
    • Calcium (%): 4.20
    • Total Phosphorus (%): 0.50
    • Available Phosphorus (%): 0.43
    • Ca/avP Ratio: 9.76
    • Sodium (%): 0.17
    • Chloride (%): 0.20

    2023 Layer Base

    • This table details the 2023 base layer formulation for various ingredients. Specific percentages or amounts for each ingredient are listed.
    • The cost of these ingredients is also displayed.

    Water Intake

    • Hens drink at a rate equivalent to 10-12% of their body weight in water per day.
    • 70 mL of water is crucial for each egg produced.
    • 6-8 hours without water affects egg production for 7–10 days.
    • Water intake fluctuates throughout the day.

    High Production Flocks

    • Egg production per hen has significantly increased in the past two decades.
    • Top flocks maintain 95+% laying persistency for about 30 weeks.
    • Egg production peaks from 35 to 70 weeks of age.
    • Phase feeding of protein and energy is crucial for managing egg size and shell quality.

    Observational Layer Data Since 2009

    • Data was collected from 14 Lohmann flocks for egg production, feed intake, and egg size trends from 2009-2018.

    Additional Notes

    • Various other aspects of poultry nutrition, including ingredient values, methods of processing grains, and discussion of other nutritional requirements. Data regarding various nutritional components (e.g., phosphorus, calcium, vitamin D3, and organic minerals) and associated processes were included.
    • Important considerations for optimizing poultry nutrition are detailed. Data related to water consumption, feed efficiency, and gut health are also included.

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