Chemical Safety Procedures PDF

SOUTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY PHINMA COLLEGE OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY MODULE 8 CHEMICAL SAFETY PROCEDURES P R E P A R E D BY: P M L S T E A M LEARNING OUTCOMES: Upon completion of this lesson, the student can: 1.. Apply effectively the principles of chemical safety, including proper storage, labelin...

SOUTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY PHINMA COLLEGE OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY MODULE 8 CHEMICAL SAFETY PROCEDURES P R E P A R E D BY: P M L S T E A M LEARNING OUTCOMES: Upon completion of this lesson, the student can: 1.. Apply effectively the principles of chemical safety, including proper storage, labeling, handling, and disposal of hazardous substances, as well as the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and emergency response protocols. 2.Discuss information provided by an appropriate used of Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) 4. Describe accurately appropriate safety procedures for handling chemicals, flammables, and compressed gases in the clinical laboratory, ensuring adherence to regulatory 5. Distinguish correctly between chemical substances and mixtures, demonstrating an understanding of their different properties, uses, and handling requirements in a laboratory setting. 6. Demonstrate properly awareness of the various hazards associated with handling chemicals and reagents, including toxic, corrosive, flammable, and reactive properties, and implement measures to mitigate these risks. Phlebotomists and Medical Technologists may come in contact with hazardous chemicals when using cleaning reagents, adding preservatives to 24-hour urine containers, or delivering specimens to the laboratory. Many of these preservatives can be hazardous when they are not properly handled. Inappropriate use of chemicals can have dangerous consequences. THE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMIISTRATION (OSHA) CLASSIFIES CHEMICAL HAZARDS INTO TWO GROUPS: Physical Hazards: Health Hazards: Compressed gas Toxic and highly Explosives toxic agents Flammable: Reproductive skin aerosol, gas, liquid or sold Carcinogen Organic Peroxide Irritant Oxidizer Tissue corrosive Pyrophoric (i.e., capable of Sensitizer Liver, Kidney and CNS toxins spontaneous ignition when exposed to air) Agents that act on or Reactive/unstable damage other Water-reactive body systems  LET'S CHECK WHAT YOU KNOW! IS MOUTH PIPETTING STILL PRACTICED IN LABORATORIES NOWADAYS? Q&A IS MOUTH PIPETTING STILL PRACTICED IN LABORATORIES NOWADAYS? Q&A WHEN DEALING WITH ACIDS AND WATER. WHICH SHOULD YOU PUT IN FIRST? Q&A WHEN DEALING WITH ACIDS AND WATER. WHICH SHOULD YOU PUT IN FIRST? Q&A DETERMINE WHICH HAZARD THIS SYMBOL INDICATE: Q&A DETERMINE WHICH HAZARD THIS SYMBOL INDICATE: OXIDIZING LIQUIDS Q&A CHEMIICAL HANDLIING GENERAL RULES FOR CHEMICAL SAFETY: Always wear proper Never indiscriminately mix protective clothing when chemicals together. working with chemicals, Never store chemicals in including lab coat, apron, unlabeled containers gloves, and safety goggles. Never pour chemicals into Always use proper chemical dirty containers, especially cleanup materials when containers previously used cleaning up chemical spills to store other chemicals. Never store chemicals above Never use chemicals in ways eye level. other than their intended Never add water to acid. use. Chemicals should never be mixed together unless specific instructions are followed, and they must be added in the order specified. Wearing goggles and preparing reagents under a fume hood are recommended safety precautions. Chemicals should be used from containers that are easily manageable size. Pipetting by mouth is unacceptable in the laboratory State and federal regulations are in place for the disposal of chemicals and should be consulted.  "AAA" An important chemical safety rule to remember when dealing with acids and RULE other liquids is never add water or Always other liquids to an acid, as it can cause an explosive type reaction. If a mixture Add containing both is to be made, always Acid add the acid to the other liquid. CHEMICAL LABELING Hazardous chemicals should be labeled with a description of their particular hazard such as poisonous, corrosive, flammable, explosive, teratogenic, or carcinogenic. National Fire Protection Association developed the Standard System for Identification of the Fire Hazard of Materials, NFPA 704. The diamond-shaped, color–coded symbol contains information relating to health, flammability, reactivity, and personal protection/special precautions. Each category is graded on a scale of 0 – 4, based on the extent of concern These symbols are placed on doors, cabinets, and containers. OTHER CHEMICAL HAZARD SYMBOLS PHYSICAL HAZARDS FLAMMABLE EXPLOSIVES LIQUIDS description: description: Bursting ball Flame PHYSICAL HAZARDS OX IDIZING COMPRESSED CORROSIVE LIQUIDS GAS TO METALS description: description: description: Circle with flame Cylinder Test tube over metal/hand HEALTH HAZARDS ACUTE SKIN TOXICTY CORROSION description: description: Skull with Test tube over crossbones hand/metal HEALTH HAZARDS ASPIRATION SKIN HAZARD CMR; STOT IRRITATION CMR Carcinogenic; Germ Cell Mutagenic; Toxic to Reproduction description: Exclamation mark STOT Specific Target Organ Toxicity ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS HAZARDOUS TO THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT description: Dead fish and tree OSHA HAZARD COMMUNICATION STANDARDS OSHA developed the Hazard Communication (HazCom) Standard to protect employees who may be exposed to hazardous chemicals. According to the law, all chemicals must be evaluated for health hazards, and all chemicals found to be hazardous must be labeled as such and the information communicated to employees SOMETHING YOU SHOULD KNOW: The HazCom standard is known as “The Right to Know Law” because of the labeling requirement. HazCom Labeling Requirements Although labeling format may vary by company, all chemical manufacturers must comply with labeling requirements set by the Manufacturers Chemical Association. Labels for hazardous chemicals must contain: A statement of warning such as “danger” or “poison” A statement of the hazard (e.g., toxic, flammable, combustible) Precautions to eliminate risk First aid measures in the event of a spill or other exposure MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET What is a Material Safety Data Sheet? Summary of the hazardous nature of chemicals used in the workplace. Information contained in an MSDS includes the following: 1)Physical and Chemical characteristics 2)Fire and Explosion potential 3)Reactivity potential 4) Health hazards and emergency first aid procedures 5)Methods for safe handling and disposal 6) Primary routes of entry 7)Exposure limits and carcinogenic potential. The OSHA HazCom standard requires manufacturers to supply material safety data sheets (MSDSs) for their products. An MSDS contains general information as well as precautionary and emergency information for the product. Every product with a hazardous warning on the label requires an MSDS to help ensure that it will be used safely and as intended. KEY POINT Employers are required to obtain an MSDS for every hazardous chemical present in the workplace and to make all MSDS readily accessible to employees. CHEMICAL HYGIENE PLAN OSHA also requires facilities that use hazardous chemicals to have a written Chemical Hygiene Plan(CHP) available to employees. The purpose of the plan is to detail the following: 1)Appropriate work practices 2)Standard operating procedures 3)PPE 4) Engineering controls, such as fume hoods and flammable safety cabinets 5)Employee training requirements 6)Medical consultation guidelines Each facility must appoint a chemical hygiene officer, who is responsible for implementing and documenting compliance with the plan. CHEMIICAL SPIILLS AND EXPOSURE Do not neutralize chemicals that come in contact with the skin. Contaminated clothing should be removed as soon as possible. Chemical spill kits contain protective apparel, nonreactive absorbent material, and bags for disposing of contaminated materials should be available for cleaning up spills Safety Showers and Eyewash Stations The phlebotomist should know the location of and be instructed in the use of safety showers and eyewash stations in the event of a chemical spill or splash to the eyes or other body parts. What to do in cases of chemical spills? The affected parts should be flushed with water for a minimum of 15 minutes, followed by a visit to the emergency room for evaluation. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING! REFERENCES: 1. MCPHERSON,R.A.& PINCUS,M.R. (2012) HENRY’S CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT BY LABORATORY METHEDS (22ND ED.) PHILADELPHIA: ELSEVIER INC. STRASINGER, S.K. & DI LORENZO, M.S. (2014) 2. URINALYSIS AND BODY FLUIDS (6TH ED.) F.A. DAVIS COMPANY, PHILADELPHIA, PENNYSLVANIA 3. LECTURE HANDBOOK IN PMLS 037 (INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 1 WITH SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY) BY MERLYN A. BARACLAN-ORAIS,MSCPI,RMT,RN