Health and Safety L.3 PDF

HEALTH AND SAFETY IN THE LABORATORY  I. II. RISK III. PERSONAL IV. V. INTRODUCTIO ASSESSMENT PROTECTIVE EMERGENCY LABORATORY N EQUIPMENT PROCEDURES EQUIPMENT (PPE) SA...

HEALTH AND SAFETY IN THE LABORATORY  I. II. RISK III. PERSONAL IV. V. INTRODUCTIO ASSESSMENT PROTECTIVE EMERGENCY LABORATORY N EQUIPMENT PROCEDURES EQUIPMENT (PPE) SAFETY VI. CHEMICAL IX. TRAINING SAFETY AND EDUCATION  1. - Demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of key safety protocols, including risk assessment, proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and emergency response procedures in a laboratory setting. 2.Apply acquired knowledge to identify and mitigate potential LEARNIN hazards, ensuring the safe handling of laboratory equipment, chemicals, and biological materials. G 3. Develop the ability to respond promptly and appropriately to various laboratory emergencies, including evacuations, first aid OUTCOME measures, and the utilization of emergency shutdown procedures. 4. Understand and adhere to relevant safety regulations and S standards, recognizing the importance of regulatory compliance in maintaining a safe laboratory environment. 5.Recognize the dynamic nature of laboratory safety and commit to continuous learning. Actively seek opportunities for ongoing education, stay updated on safety protocols, and contribute to the continuous improvement of safety practices within the laboratory setting. Today’s activities: review videos class lecture assessment questions activity worksheet exit ticket REVIEW ACTIVITY Post-lesson reflection - Mentimeter VIDEO / Orientation to Laboratory Safety - [Lab Worker Safety Training] - YouTube GROUP DISCUSSI 1. Question 1: Identification of PPE ON FOR 2 - In the safety training video, what specific personal protective equipment (PPE) was highlighted as crucial for laboratory work? How does the correct usage of this PPE MINUTES/ contribute to individual safety and overall laboratory well-being? PICK A 2. Question 2: Emergency Response Protocols REPORTE - The video discussed various emergency situations. Describe one emergency response protocol emphasized R. in the training. How would adherence to this protocol enhance the safety of laboratory personnel during unforeseen incidents? I. INTRODUCTION A. Importance of Health and Safety 1. Highlighting the significance in preventing accidents and ensuring well-being B. Regulatory Framework 1. Overview of relevant regulations and standards WHY ALL THE -List some reasons why we take safety seriously in the lab?what could happen to FUSS? THINK clinical lab staff during Exposure to Hazardous? ( 2 min) -PAIR SHARE. WHY ALL THE FUSS? Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals Can Result in acute or chronic health effects Acute – occurring within hours or days of exposure Chronic – occur after exposure over many years GENERAL PROCEDURES OR RULES: individuals not no food or drink allowed to work no mouth allowed in the in the pipetting laboratory laboratory alone wear required maintain good personal no smoking in housekeeping protective laboratory habits equipment  A. Identifying Hazards 1. Types of potential hazards in the laboratory II. RISK environment ASSESSME B. Assessing Risk Levels NT 1. Methods for determining the severity and likelihood of risks C. Mitigation Strategies 1. Implementing control measures to reduce identified risks  TYPES OF POTENTIAL HAZARDS IN THE LABORATORY ENVIRONMENT 1. Chemical Hazards: - Examples::Toxic chemicals, corrosive substances, flammable materials. - Risk:: Exposure to harmful substances through inhalation, skin contact, or ingestion. 2. Biological Hazards: - Examples::Pathogenic microorganisms, viruses, bacteria. - Risk:: Contamination and potential infection due to exposure to biological agents. 3. Physical Hazards - Examples:: Sharp objects, high temperatures, electrical equipment. - Risk::Physical injuries, burns, electrical shocks. 4. Radiation Hazards - Examples:: Ionizing radiation, ultraviolet light. - Risk::Exposure to radiation leading to tissue damage or long-term health effects. 5. Fire and Explosion Hazards: - Examples:: Flammable chemicals, faulty electrical equipment. - Risk:: Possibility of fires or explosions leading to injuries and damage to 6. Equipment Hazards: - Examples: Malfunctioning machinery, improper use of tools. - Risk: Injuries due to equipment failure or misuse. 7. Noise Hazards: - Examples : Loud equipment, machinery noise. - Risk: Hearing damage or impairment due to prolonged exposure to loud noises. 8. Ergonomic Hazards: - Examples: Poorly designed workstations, repetitive tasks. - Risk: Musculoskeletal disorders, discomfort, and strain. 9. Ventilation and Respiratory Hazards: - Examples:: Poor air quality, exposure to fumes. - Risk: Respiratory issues due to inhalation of harmful substances. 10. Biomechanical Hazards: - Examples: Awkward postures, lifting heavy objects. - Risk:Musculoskeletal injuries due to poor ergonomics or lifting techniques COMMON WARNING AND HAZARD SIGNS USED IN THE LABORATORY You should know the meaning of common warning and hazard signs used in the laboratory. You will see different coloured signs: Blue signs are mandatory; Red signs are prohibitive (or relate to fire alarms/fire-fighting equipment); Green signs give safety instructions; Yellow signs give warnings. III. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) A. Types of PPE 1. Detailing various types of protective gear and their specific uses B. Proper Usage 1. Demonstrating correct procedures for donning and doffing PPE https://youtu.be/cCzwH7d4Ags?si=X2Ho7tpbkRnPfo4K C. Maintenance and Inspection 1. Guidelines for ensuring PPE remains in good condition PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) Minimum Recommended PPE: Chemical Resistant Gloves, Splash Proof Goggles, Lab Coat, Face Shield, and Rubber Apron when Necessary ACTIVITY Midway lecture check-in - Mentimeter  A. Evacuation Protocols IV. 1. Clear evacuation routes and assembly points EMERGEN B. First Aid Measures CY 1. Basic first aid training for common PROCEDU laboratory injuries RES C. Reporting Incidents 1. Procedures for documenting and reporting accidents. SAFETY EQUIPMENT FIRST AID Kit Emergency Equipment SHOWERS, EYEWASH STATIONS MSDS’S PPE FIRST AID AND MEDICAL TREATMENT First aid kit available and properly stocked (nothing expired) Trained first aid attendant or Medical facilities within 15 minutes Emergency numbers posted EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT ❑ Fire blankets ❑ Fire extinguishers ❑ Emergency notification system EMERGENCY SHOWERS & EYEWASH STATIONS Immediate washing of the skin and eye with generous amounts of water is the most effective first aid treatment for chemical burns (unless chemical reacts unfavorably to water-MSDS) MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS, (MSDS) ▪ An MSDS Must Be on File & Available for Each Chemical in the Lab. ▪ An MSDS lists: ▪ Product Identity ▪ Hazardous Ingredients ▪ Physical Data ▪ Fire & Explosion Hazard Data ▪ Reactivity Data ▪ Health Hazard Data ▪ Precautions for Safe Handling & Use ▪ Control Measures PROCEDURES FOR DOCUMENTING AND REPORTING ACCIDENTS prioritize safety and gather key details. Use a standardized incident report form to document events. Include information on safety equipment take photographs when applicable record medical treatments. Obtain witness statements and seek supervisory input. Promptly report the incident post-accident review, continuous improvement for a safer laboratory environment. V. LABORATORY EQUIPMENT SAFETY A. Proper Handling and Usage 1. Specific protocols for handling different types of equipment B. Regular Maintenance 1. Establishing routine maintenance schedules C. Emergency Shutdown Procedures 1. Steps to follow in case of equipment malfunction 5 MINUTES BREAK 1. What is the first step during a laboratory evacuation? a. Complete an incident report b. Call emergency services c. Calmly leave the lab using designated routes d. Begin administering first aid 2. What is a key consideration for handling laboratory equipment? a. Using equipment for any purpose b. Ignoring manufacturer guidelines c. Regularly inspecting for wear d. Leaving equipment unattended 3. What does an MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) provide information about? a. Laboratory equipment maintenance b. Potential hazards of chemicals c. Emergency evacuation routes d. Employee work schedules VI. CHEMICAL SAFETY A. Handling and Storage Guidelines 1. Proper procedures for handling and storing chemicals B. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) 1. Understanding and utilizing MSDS for chemical information C. Spill Response Procedures 1. Immediate actions to take in the event of a chemical spill  CHEMICAL STORAGE Safe Storage of Chemicals is a Necessity in Every Laboratory! ✔ Minimizes Exposure to Corrosive and Toxic Chemicals ✔ Lessens the Risk of Fire ✔ Prevents the Mixing of Incompatibles & the Creation of an Emergency Situation THE “DON’TS” OF CHEMICAL STORAGE! Avoid storing any chemical above eye level Don’t store incompatible chemicals together Don’t store chemicals near sources of heat or sunlight Don’t store chemicals in the hoods or acids on metal shelves Avoid storing anything on the floor, especially glass bottles  IDEAL STORAGE Acids:should be stored in separate acid resistant plastic trays that separate them never above eye level. Flammable acids need to be stored in a flammables cabinet. Sometimes acids are stored in dedicated acid cabinets. Bases: Ammonium, Sodium, Potassium Hydroxides should be stored at two or three feet and never above eye level. IDEAL STORAGE Flammables: such as solvents, oils and combustible liquids should be stored in a flammable storage cabinet. Store only compatible materials inside a cabinet. Don’t store paper, cardboard or other combustible packaging materials inside the cabinet. Make sure not to overload cabinet. Safety cans can be used for small quantities of flammables, but they are not a replacement for a flammable storage cabinet if you have large quantities of flammables. IDEAL STORAGE Oxidizers: are highly reactive and should be stored separately from other chemicals. Oxidizers such as h2o2, permanganates, chlorates including bleach need to be stored together and away from flammables. Nitrates and metal salts that are not oxidizers should be stored in this area but on a different shelf from those listed above or in a separate area. Na, Li:Water reactive metals, such as Sodium and Lithium, should be stored in a separate cabinet because of their reactivity. Dry Chemicals: can be stored together.  Routes of Exposure By Chemicals A- INHALATION of vapors, gasses or particulates. B- SKIN CONTACT with certain chemicals can cause damage to skin tissue or allow absorption of chemicals into the blood. C- INGESTION through the gastrointestinal Tract. D- INJECTION from skin punctures from contaminated objects. 36 TOXIC EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL EXPOSURE How a chemical exposure affects a person depends on many factors. The dose is the amount of a chemical that actually enters the body. The actual dose that a person receives depends on 1/the concentration of the chemical 2/ frequency of exposure 3/duration of the exposure. The sum of all routes of exposure must be considered when determining the dose 37  TOXIC EFFECTS OF CHEMICALS The toxic effects of a chemical may be 1/local 2/ systemic. 1/ Local injuries involve the area of the body in contact with the chemical and are typically caused by reactive or corrosive chemicals, such as strong acids, alkalis or oxidizing agents. 2/ Systemic injuries involve tissues or organs unrelated to or removed from the contact site when toxins have been transported through the bloodstream. ❖ For example, methanol that has been ingested may cause blindness, while a significant skin exposure to nitrobenzene may effect the central nervous system. 38  TOXIC EFFECTS OF CHEMICALS It is important to distinguish between 1/ acute and 2/ chronic exposure and chronic toxicity. Acute toxicity ✔ Acute toxicity : ✔ results from a single, short exposure. ✔ Effects usually appear quickly and are often reversible. ✔ Chronic toxicity: ✔ results from repeated exposure over a long period of time. ✔ Effects are usually delayed and gradual, and may be irreversible. ✔ For example, the acute effect of alcohol exposure (ingestion) is intoxication, while the chronic effect is cirrhosis of the liver. 39  EVALUATING TOXICITY DATA ❖ Most estimates of human toxicity are based on animal studies, which may or may not relate to human toxicity. ❖ In most animal studies, the effect measured is usually death. ❖ This measure of toxicity is often expressed as an LD50 (lethal dose 50) – the dose required to kill 50% of the test population. ❖ The LD50 is usually measured in milligrams of the material per kilogram of body weight of the test animal. The concentration in air that kills half of the population is the LC50. 40 SUSCEPTIBILITY OF INDIVIDUALS Factors that influence the susceptibility of an individual to the effects of toxic substances include ❖ nutritional habits, ❖ physical condition, ❖ obesity, ❖ medical conditions , ❖ drinking and smoking, ❖ pregnancy. 41 SCENARIO QUESTION ON CHEMICAL STORAGE: Imagine you are tasked with organizing the chemical storage in a laboratory. Based on safety guidelines: What criteria would you consider when determining the appropriate storage location for chemicals in the laboratory? Provide at least two key factors and briefly explain their significance in ensuring safety and efficiency. IX. TRAINING AND EDUCATION A. Continuous Training Programs 1. Incorporating ongoing education to stay informed on safety best practices B. Importance of Knowledge Updates 1. Emphasizing the dynamic nature of safety information C. Role of Individuals in Promoting Safety 1. Encouraging a sense of responsibility for personal and collective safety REFLECTION Assess with an exit ticket - Mentimeter