Biomes PDF

Biomes Large geographic areas characterized by a predominant type of vegetation The Levels of Biological Organization Cell ➞ Tissue ➞ Organ ➞ Organism ➞ Population ➞ Community ➞ Ecosystem ➞ Biome ➞ Biosphere Biomes Terrestrial Biomes are found on land Biomes Aquatic Biomes are found in water...

Biomes Large geographic areas characterized by a predominant type of vegetation The Levels of Biological Organization Cell ➞ Tissue ➞ Organ ➞ Organism ➞ Population ➞ Community ➞ Ecosystem ➞ Biome ➞ Biosphere Biomes Terrestrial Biomes are found on land Biomes Aquatic Biomes are found in water Succession The gradual process of change in an ecosystem where one community is replaced by another until a stable climax community is reached. Primary Succession From the barren rock after a natural disaster like a volcanic eruption. Colonization begins with pioneer species. Pioneer Species fi The rst species to begin colonizing the bare rock. Usually lichens and mosses. Secondary Succession fi From the barren soil after primary succession has formed soil or after a natural disaster like a forest re. Climax Community fi The nal, balanced and stable stage of succession in an ecosystem. Terrestrial Biomes The interior of the Antarctic is the only place on Earth that does not have a biome. Boundaries bet ween biomes are not a clear-cut line. Rather, there is a gradual change from one type of biome to the next. Terrestrial Biomes Lets start at the equator Tropical Rain Forest Water: Very Wet Temperature: Always Hot Soil: Poor Soil Plants: Lots of Plants Animals: Lots of Animals •Most diverse biome on the planet. •Trees form a tall canopy so little sunlight gets to ground. Savanna or Grassland Water: Wet season, Dry season Temperature: Mild Soil: Very Fertile Plants: Grasses (few or no trees) Animals: Many animals •Animals typically live in herds. •Dry season means few trees (small and thorny) Desert Water: Almost None Temperature: Day- extremely hot, Night- very cold Soil: Poor Plants: Sparse - Cacti and succulents Animals: Sparse - snakes, lizards, scorpions •Animals mostly nocturnal because of heat. •Receives smallest amount of rainfall. Chaparral Water: Winter - Rainy, Summer - Dry Temperature: Winter - Cool, Summer - Hot Soil: Poor Plants: Shrubs, some small trees Animals: Sparse, adapted to re and drought •Often just inland from oceans. •Plants sparse because of drought and fi fi (California) res. Temperate Forest (Deciduous Forest) Water: Lots Temperature: Cool Season & Warm Season Soil: Fertile Plants: Deciduous Trees Animals: Many •Receives almost as much rain as a rain forest but winters are too cold to get as diverse. •This is our biome around Columbus, IN. Taiga (Coniferous Forest) Water: Lots Temperature: Cool year round Soil: Poor, rocky soil Plants: Conifers Animals: Many •Cold winters limit trees to mainly cone-bearing species. •Brown Bears, Deer, Moose, and Wolves. (Canada) Tundra Water: Dry Temperature: Cold year round Soil: Permafrost (permanently frozen soil) Plants: Lichens and Mosses Animals: Migrating Animals •Covers most of the Arctic. •Plants must be small and have short growing seasons. Aquatic Biomes Salt Water (Marine) Fresh Water Divided into t wo types Oceans Water: Salt (marine) Temperature: Salinity and Temp. very constant •Largest and most stable biomes on Earth. •Divided into different zones depending on depth and light. Estuary Water: Brackish, shallow, rich in nutrients Temperature: Warm. Doesn’t uctuate much •Where a river or stream meets the ocean and mixes fl fresh water with salt water. •Lots of organisms live here because of nutrient rich waters. •Affected by tides. Swamp Water: Fresh, shallow, low oxygen Temperature: Summer - Warm, Winter - Cold •Covered by woody vegetation that can tolerate periodic submersion in water. Marsh Water: Fresh or Brackish, shallow, low oxygen Temperature: Summer - Warm, Winter - Cold •Low-lying wet land with grassy vegetation. •Usually a transition area bet ween land and water. Bog Water: Fresh, shallow, acidic Temperature: Summer - Warm, Winter - Cold •Contains sphagnum moss and accumulates peat deposits.