BIO 300 Quiz 9: Ocean Ecosystem Change PDF
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Uploaded by SurrealCongas
California State University, Fullerton
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This document appears to be lecture notes or study material on ocean ecosystem change, covering topics such as types of ocean biomes, fisheries, and aquaculture. It includes information on various aspects of ocean ecosystems and human impacts, which are key topics in environmental science courses.
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ecture Week 11: L Ocean Ecosystem Change Types of Ocean Biomes - Marine Biomes: - Coastal - Open Ocean- Pelagic Zone - Coral Reef - Estuaries - Abyssal - California related Chara...
ecture Week 11: L Ocean Ecosystem Change Types of Ocean Biomes - Marine Biomes: - Coastal - Open Ocean- Pelagic Zone - Coral Reef - Estuaries - Abyssal - California related Characteristics of Ocean Biomes - Marine biomes - Coastal: high light, warm, 30 ppt parts per thousand - photic zone- a lot of light, salty, animals plankton - Open ocean: high to low light, moderate temperature, 35 ppt - below the continental shelf, saltier than coastal - Coral reef: warm water, high light, 30-42 ppt - wide range of salt, - Estuaries: high light, seasonal water temperature (b/c are shallow), 0-35 ppt - Abyssal: no light, cold water temperature, 35 ppt (salty) Which would you consider pristine? - C-with shark - because it has a predator and balances the ecosystem - Healthy coral reef indications - Coral reef extent - Live Coral cover - Fish abundance and biomass - Fleshy algae cover and cover of key benthic groups - Index of coastal eutrophication- (creates sparks of light) - Percent coral reefs effectively protected Threats to the Ocean Ecosystem - Threats - Overexploitation (for vertebrates) ecture Week 12: L Fisheries - Def. Current State of Our Oceans - Ocean Ecosystems - ⅔ are degraded or modified - ⅓ are fished unsustainably Types of Fisheries - What are the different types of fisheries? - Tribal - most sustainable - Recreational - ie: sport fishing - Commercial - unsustainable; focus on profit Types of Fisheries - What is fished? - Fishes, clams, oysters, mussels, crabs, lobsters, whales, octopus, squid, shrimp, sharks, sea cucumber, seals/sea lions, kelp, Nori, sponges Who is involved in fisheries? - Who are the stakeholders? - Consumers- eat fish - Businesses- sell fish - medical- fish/krill oil - Fisherpeople- employees - commercial/recreational - Ecosystem/Environment - Lawmakers- make regulations - local/federal - Conservationists/scientists Aquaculture - It is a farming of sih, seaweed, and other aquatic species - Submerged cages and nets, lines, - ole and line P - Longline - Gillnets - Pots and traps - Purse seine - Dredging - Bottom trawl - Pelagic trawl Benefits of Fisheries/Aquaculture - Food security - Economic growth - Targeting invasive species-lionfish - Jobs - Improved health/mental health - Fisheries have a variety of conservation - Low input for aquaculture - Filter feeders- clean water - Habitat creation Disadvantages of Fisheries/Aquaculture - Endangerment - Overfishing - Inadequate Method: detrimental to fish populations- may not want to return to habitat b/c of danger - Environment impact- accumulation of excess feed + waste - Disease transmission: in high-density aquaculture systems - diminish/loss of genetic diversity - Ghost fishing- fishing gear gets lost or left behind - Habitat destruction - Algae blooms from too many nutrients - Bycatch (catch species not wanted) - Pollution - Accidental invasion - Contamination Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification - Bioaccumulation: - Process by which chemicals build up in an organism over time - Biomagnification: - Process where harmful chemicals and heavy metals become more concentrated in organisms higher up the food chain
