3-INTRO-TO-COMPUTER.pdf

COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING NC II INTRO TO COMPUTER Introduction 1...

COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING NC II INTRO TO COMPUTER Introduction 1 To Computers ALFREDO T. LLASOS, JR. Trainer 1.1 Introduction To Computers INTRO TO COMPUTER Outline: What is a Computer? 1: Introduction To Computers ▪ A device that accepts input, processes data, Components Of A Personal Computer stores data, and produces output, all according 2: Components Of A System Unit (Part 1) to a series of stored instructions. 3: Components Of System Unit (Part 2) Information Processing Cycle 4: Installation, Configuration and Upgrading ▪ Accepts data – input 5: Diagnosing & Troubleshooting ▪ Processes data – processing ▪ Produces output – output ▪ Stores results - storage 1 1.2 Introduction To Computers Lesson Objective Computer At the end of this lesson, you should be able to: Identify the different group of hardware Identify the hardware commonly used under such group Understand the advantages & disadvantages of such hardware discussed. Hardware Software Visible Invisible Rigid Carry out instruction Controls the actions of the hardware Breakdown of a computer 2 Components Of A Personal Computer 2 Communication Devices Modem Output Devices Input Devices Network Card Keyboard Monitor Mouse Printer Components of a Joystick System Unit Plotter Scanner LCD Projector Digital Camera Speaker Video camera Personal Computer Microphone Bar Code Reader Magnetic Card Reader Storage Devices Hard Disk Floppy Disk Drive CDR/ CDRW Power Tape Drive Supply ZIP Drive Flash Drive 2 2.1 Input Device 2.1 Input Device Video Camera/ Hardware which converts information into one readable by Web Cam the computer. Pointing Devices Mouse Keyboard Trackball Mic Touch Pad Scanner Digital Camera Pointing Stick Video Camera/ Web cam Joystick Bar Code Reader Pen Input Magnetic Card Reader Digitizer Tablet Smart Card Reader Touch Screen Optical Mark Reader (OMR) Light Pen Magnetic Ink Character Reader (MICR) Trackball 2.1 Input Device 2.1 Input Device Scroll mouse The joystick is a rotary lever. Similar to an aircraft's control stick, it enables you to move within the screen's environment, and is widely used in the computer games industry. A Digitising Tablet is a pointing device that facilitates the accurate input of drawings and designs. A drawing can be placed directly on the tablet, and the user traces Wireless Keyboard outlines or inputs coordinate positions with a hand-held stylus. 3 2.1 Input Device 2.2 Output Device A Light Pen is a pointing device shaped like a Hardware which converts data into one readable by human. pen and is connected to a VDU. Monitor (VDU) The tip of the light pen contains a light-sensitive element which, when placed against the screen, detects the light from the screen enabling the computer to identify the location of the pen on the screen. Light pens have the advantage of 'drawing' directly onto the screen, but this can become uncomfortable, and they are not as accurate as digitising tablets. A computer can read numbers and letters printed with ink containing magnetic material MICR is used by banks to process cheques. The account details at the bottom of the cheque can be accurately read in this manner since MICR is not affected by dirt. CRT LCD 2.1 Input Device 2.2 Output Device Printer Dot Matrix The Optical Mark Reader (OMR) can read information in the form of numbers or letters and put it into the Inkjet computer. Laser The marks have to be precisely located as in multiple Thermal choice test papers. Daisy Wheel Plotter LCD Projector A Touch Sensitive Screen is a pointing device that enables the user to interact with the computer by touching the screen. 4 2.2 Output Device 2.3 Storage Device Plotter A large printer that generates high-quality documents by moving ink pens over the surface of a page. Plotters are particularly useful to SmartMedia Flash Drive/ engineers and architects, as PC Card Thumb Drive they produce high-quality Adapter blueprints, maps, and floor plans. Also called an X-Y plotter. Multi Media CompactFlash Secure Card (MMC) Card Digital Card (SD) 2.2 Output Device 3 The daisy wheel printer Components Of Daisy Wheel System Unit 5  3 Components of System Unit Lesson Objective At the end of this lesson, you should be able to: Safety Precautions Understand the need for safety & electrostatic protection 1. Unplug power cables Identify the different hardware commonly found inside a 2. Never wear jewelry or other metal objects 3. Avoid spills- never use liquids around electrical equipment. system unit 4. Wear anti-static grounding wrist strap/ mat Perform assembly/ disassembly of system unit 5. Always place components in provided anti-static bag when not in use 6. Wear proper clothing - Cotton, Wool etc 7. Frames of casing may be sharp - be careful not to get cut 8. Replace any worn or damaged power cords immediately 9. Avoid using extension cords. 10. Do not attempt to fix PSU/ monitor- refer to qualified personnel 11. Replace blown fuse with one of similar rating and type. 3 Components of System Unit 3 Components of System Unit Safety & Electrostatic Precaution 3.1 Microprocessor (CPU) 3.2 Mainboard 3.3 Memory 3.4 Hard Disk Drive 3.5 Floppy Disk Drive 3.6 CDROM/ CDR/ CDRW Drive 3.7 Display Adapter 3.9 Audio Adapter 3.10 Network Adapter 3.11 Power Supply 3.12 Expansion Slots 3.13 Modem (internal) 6 3.1 Casing 3.1 Microprocessor (CPU) Processors made by AMD Am286, Am386, 486, 586 K5, K6, Desktop Casing K6-2, K6-3 Duron Athlon Tower Casing 3.1 Microprocessor (CPU) 3.1 Microprocessor (CPU) Processors made by Intel Cyrix 8086 (DIP 40) 286 80186 Pentium II (SEC) 386 80286 486 80386 (Socket 2) 586 80486 (Socket 3,5) Pentium 4 (PGA) 6x86 Pentium (Socket 7) 6x86MX Pentium Pro (Socket 8) MII Pentium MMX (Socket 7) Pentium II (SEC) Pentium MMX (PGA) Celeron (SEC, PGA370, PGA478, LGA775) Pentium III (SEC, PGA370) Pentium IV (PGA478, LGA775) Pentium Pro Pentium (PGA) 7 3.1 Microprocessor (CPU) 3.1 Microprocessor (CPU) Manufacturer: AMD 6x86 Speed: 166Mhz Identifying A Processor 3.1 Microprocessor (CPU) 3.1 Microprocessor (CPU) Manufacturer: Intel Model: K6 Model: Pentium MMX Manufacturer: AMD Speed: 166Mhz Speed: 166Mhz Country of origin: Malaysia Identifying A Processor Identifying A Processor 8  3.1 Microprocessor (CPU) 3.2 Mainboard (Motherboard/ System Board) All about BIOS (Basic Input Output System) Performed various test on hardware built in and attached Mainboard BIOS stored in EEPROM Initializes devices so that they are ready to use Allows user to change configuration Enables Operating System access to hardware CMOS Backup Battery Configuration saved into either CMOS, EEPROM or both. Information lasts as long as there is power in backup battery A Socket 370 to Slot 1 converter Buzzer 3.2 Mainboard (Motherboard/ System Board) 3.2 Mainboard (Motherboard/ System Board) ISA ATX Power PCI AGP Socket 370 AT Power DIMM Battery ATX Power FDD IDE 1 IDE 2 A Baby AT BIOS mainboard 9 3.2 Mainboard (Motherboard/ System Board) 3.2 Mainboard (Motherboard/ System Board) SIMM Baby AT mainboard 3.2 Mainboard (Motherboard/ System Board) 3.2 Mainboard (Motherboard/ System Board) Factors affecting selection of mainboard Form Factor Socket/ Slot Built-in AT Socket 3, 5, 7 Hardware Baby AT Slot 1 Audio Slot A Network ATX Socket A Modem Micro ATX Socket 370 VGA Socket 478 Expansion Slots LGA775 onboard Support ISA Warranty Period PCI WebPage A server AGP Drivers AMR Documentation mainboard PCI Express 10  3.2 Mainboard (Motherboard/ System Board) 3.2 Mainboard (Motherboard/ System Board) External ports USB Hub USB Cable 3.2 Mainboard (Motherboard/ System Board) 3.2 Mainboard (Motherboard/ System Board) USB Devices USB to Serial Adaptor Modem Printer Scanner Digital Camera Digital Speaker External Storage Mobile Phone JoyStick Mouse Keyboard Flash Drive/ Thumb Drive... USB Expansion Card (PCI) USB to Parallel Adaptor 11 3.3 Memory (Immediate Access Storage) 3.3 Memory (Immediate Access Storage) RAM (Random Access Memory) - used for storing data/ program for as long as there is power EEPROM (Electricity Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory / FLASH - contains BIOS (Basic Input Output System) routines which handles various hardware configuration and startup POST (Power On Self Test) - can be updated by means of flashing with latest BIOS version. CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) - used to keep critical information about the system such as date/time, hardware configurations, power on passwords etc - can be reset by means shorting relevant pins/ removing backup battery (depends on Mainboard make & model) 3.3 Memory (Immediate Access Storage) 3.3 Memory (Immediate Access Storage) Types of RAM packaging/ modules DIP - Dual Inline Package SIPPs - Single Inline Pinned Package (30p) SIMMs - Single Inline Memory Modules(30p) SIMMs - Single Inline Memory Modules (72p) DIMM (EDO) - EDO Dual Inline Memory Module(168 pins) DIMM (SDRAM) - Synchronized DRAM (168 pins) SODIMM - Small Outline DIMM Rambus DRAM DDR SDRAM SIPP SIMM (30p) DIP DDR-SDRAM SIMM (72p) SDRAM (168p) 12 3.3 Memory (Immediate Access Storage) 3.3 Cache Memory Rambus SO-DIMM 3.3 Memory (Immediate Access Storage) 3.3 Chipset Factors to consider when purchasing RAM 1. Packaging (SIMM/EDO/SD DIMM etc) 2. Capacity (measured in megabyte [MB]) 3. Access Speed (measured in nanosecond [ns]) 13 3.4 Hard Disk Drive 3.5 Floppy Drive Major Manufacturers Maxtor Seagate Western Digital IBM Fujitsu Samsung Form Factor Form Factor RPM 3.5” 3.5” 5400 5.25” (obsolete) 5.25” 7200 10000 Interface IDE SCSI SATA Access Mode PIO 0,1,2,3,4 Ultra DMA 33 (ATA 33) *Ultra DMA 66 (ATA66) *Ultra DMA 100 (ATA100) *Requires the use of 80 conductor cable *Ultra DMA 133 (ATA133) *Requires the use of 80 conductor cable 3.4 Hard Disk Drive 3.6 CDROM/ CDR/ CDRW Drive Major Manufacturers Sony Lite-On LG Samsung Yamaha Iomega Read Speed Interface RPM 36x IDE 5400 48x SCSI 7200 52x 10000 Write/ Rewrite 1x 2x MSC MSC MSC 4x ALS ALS ALS 8x 16x 24x Drive is master Drive is slave Drive mode depends on cable 14 3.6 CDROM/ CDR/ CDRW Drive 3.7 Display Adapter Bus Selection Criteria PCI (33Mhz) TV Output CD-ROM Drive AGP (>66Mhz) Memory PCI Express Dual Monitor Support DVD-ROM Drive 3.6 CDROM/ CDR/ CDRW Drive 3.8 Audio Adapter CDR/CDRW Drive DVD RW 15 3.10 Networking 3.10 Network Adapter Bus PCI AMR A PCI Wireless adaptor Signaling Speed 10BaseT 100BaseT 1000BaseT Connector RJ-45 A NIC Cabling UTP Fiber Optic A PCMCIA based Wireless Adaptor 3.10 Networking 3.11 Power Supply A Hub/ Switch AT Power Connector (P8 & P9) ATX Power Connector Molex connector USB Wireless P4 12V Adaptor Mini Connector connector 16 3.12 Expansion Slots 4 ISA (8Bit) - Industry Standard Architecture ISA (16Bit) - Industry Standard Architecture AGP MCA - Microchannel Computer Architecture EISA - Extended ISA PCI Installation, VESA Local Bus PCI - Peripheral Component Interconnect AGP - Accelerated Graphics Port AMR - Audio Modem Riser PCI-E – PCI Express AMR Configuration & Upgrading 3.12 Modem (internal) 4.1 Installation, Configuration, Upgrading Operating System (Windows 7) 1. Creating startup disk/ boot disk/bootable Flash Drive 2. Partitioning hard disk 3. Formatting “” 4. Starting installation program 5. Configuring & Installing drivers Microsoft Office 2007/2010/2013/2016 Avira AntiVirus/ AVG Antirus Internal Modem (AMR) Internal Modem (PCI) Internet Connection Upgrading considerations 17  5.1 Troubleshooting Bootup/ POST Problems 5 Replace RAM Remove IDE, Floppy cables, power connector Remove all add-on cards Clear CMOS memory Replace processor Diagnosing & Replace mainboard Troubleshooting 5 Diagnosing/ Troubleshooting 5.2 Troubleshooting Keyboard Problems 5.1 Boot Up/ POST Check keyboard connection (AT/ PS/2) 5.2 Keyboard troubleshooting Check LED indication 5.3 Mouse Replace to confirm keyboard functionality 5.4 Display 5.5 Floppy Drive 5.6 Hard Disk Drive 5.7 CDROM drive 5.8 Audio 5.9 Modem 5.10 Power 5.11 Printing 5.12 Network 5.13 Operating System & Application related 18 5.3 Troubleshooting Mouse Problems 5.5 Troubleshooting Floppy Drive Problems Check mouse connection (Serial, PS/2, USB) Try formatting an empty disk For rough movement - try cleaning wheels Clean drive using commercially available cleaning kit Check mouse settings in Control Panel (Double click speed etc) Check BIOS settings Replace mouse to confirm functionality Check cable connections Replace to confirm functionality 5.4 Troubleshooting Display Problems 5.6 Troubleshooting HardDisk Problems Check Brightness/ Contrast settings Try Auto Detect in BIOS setup Check Cable Connection (RGB/ BNC) Check Cable Connection (IDE/ SCSI, power) Check Output Mode (TV/ VGA) Check Master/ Slave jumper setting Check Resolution Check Refresh Rate Try Safe Mode Reinstall Display Adapter Driver 19 5.7 Troubleshooting CDROM Drive Problems 5.9 Troubleshooting Modem Problems Check if drive was detected Check telephone cable functionality/ condition Try playing Audio CD via front panel buttons Try using phone dialer, if OK, check Dial-Up Networking Clean drive using commercially available cleaning kit Check modem properties in control panel Check BIOS settings Try [More Info] in modem properties Check cable connections For internal modem check IRQ & IO port address, for external modem, check cabling, serial/ USB port For missing CD audio - check interconnecting audio cable functionality Replace to confirm functionality No Dial Tone - Possibility of lighting attack 5.8 Troubleshooting Audio Problems 5.10 Troubleshooting Power Problems Check if speaker is turned on and volume set accordingly Check power connections Check cabling (Active speaker -> Line out, Mic -> Mic in) If attached to UPS, try bypassing Check Audio driver (Conflict/ missing files) Check Voltage Level Selector Check volume settings (Mute etc) Check if PSU fan spins Check output configuration (for multi channel output) For ATX power supply, try shorting power sw connector on mainboard (caution) Reinstall audio driver 20 5.11 Troubleshooting Printer Problems 5.13 Operating System & Application related Printer turned on? On-Line/ Ready ? Using SYSEDIT (for Windows 3.11/ Windows 95) Print Test Page Using REGEDIT Check settings in printer properties Using MSCONFIG Check cable connection (Parallel/ Serial/ USB/UTP) bypass switchbox Check Port functionality Reinstall printer driver 5.12 Troubleshooting Network Problems 6.0 Assembling a PC Check cable connection (UTP/ Coaxial) Check network settings Protocol used IP address Audio Connectors Jumper Computer Name, Workgroup Share names For TCP/IP, PING.EXE can be used to determine connectivity Reinstall network adapter driver Power Connector Socket 462 based Fan + Heatsink 21 6.0 Assembling a PC IO Shield WOL Connector SDRAM Memory Slot DDR Memory Slot 6.0 Assembling a PC Primary IDE (IDE1) Secondary IDE (IDE2) Floppy Connector 22