Basic Motivation Concepts PDF

10/18/24 MGT 131 MGT 131 INTRODUCTION TO Basic Motivation HUMAN RELATIONS Concepts AND BEHAVIOR IN...

10/18/24 MGT 131 MGT 131 INTRODUCTION TO Basic Motivation HUMAN RELATIONS Concepts AND BEHAVIOR IN ORGANIZATIONS Reginald B. Vargas Instructor, DAME, CEM University of the Philippines Los Baños 1 2 This material has been reproduced and communicated Motivation to you by or on behalf of University of the Philippines pursuant to PART IV: The Law on Copyright of Republic Act (RA) 8293 or the “Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines”. The University does not authorize you to reproduce or communicate this material. The Material may contain works that are subject to copyright protection under RA 8293. Any reproduction and/or communication of the material by you may be subject to copyright infringement and the copyright owners have the right to take legal action against such infringement. Do not remove this notice. 3 4 Motivation Content Theories of Motivation Importance and variety of human needs Hedonism One of the first motivation theories Manifest Needs Theory (Henry A. Murray) Need motivating at a given time Drives behavior Primary and secondary needs Latent need 5 6 1  10/18/24 Content Theories of Motivation Content Theories of Motivation 1. McClelland’s Theory of Needs/Acquired or Learned Needs 2. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (Abraham H. Maslow) Theory( David C. McClelland) Is a fully satisfied need a strong motivator? Certain types of needs are acquired during the individual’s Lower-order Needs lifetime. In other words, people are not born with these needs but Physiological needs may learn them through their life experiences. Safety and security needs Need for achievement – desire to accomplish something difficult, attain a high standard of success, master complex Higher-order Needs tasks, and surpass others. Social needs/Belongingness Need for affiliation - desire to form close personal relationships, Ego and esteem (internal and external) avoid conflict, and establish warm friendships. Self-actualization Need for power - desire to influence or control others, be responsible for others, and have authority over others. 7 8 Content Theories of Motivation Content Theories of Motivation 3. Herzberg’s Two-Factor Model/Motivator-Hygiene Theory 3. Herzberg’s Two-Factor Model/Motivator-Hygiene Theory (Frederick Herzberg) (Frederick Herzberg) Maintenance and Motivational Factors Maintenance Factors or Hygiene Needs Job context: work environment Must be met to avoid dissatisfaction What are the examples of hygiene needs? Motivational Factors or Motivators Job content: job itself What are the examples of motivators? Between job context and job content, which is similar to intrinsic motivators? 9 10 Content Theories of Motivation Content Theories of Motivation 3. Herzberg’s Two-Factor Model/Motivator-Hygiene Theory 4. Alderfer’s E-R-G Theory (Clayton Alderfer) (Frederick Herzberg) Existence needs - for physical well-being. Relatedness needs - for satisfactory relationships with others. Growth needs - focused on the development of human potential and the desire for personal growth and increased competence. 11 12 2  10/18/24 Content Theories of Motivation Maslow’s vs. Herzberg’s vs. Alderfer’s 4. Alderfer’s E-R-G Theory (Clayton Alderfer) Four Components Satisfaction progression - Process of moving through needs Frustration - Attempt and fail Frustration regression - Shift of attention to a previously satisfied need Aspiration - Growth is intrinsically satisfying 13 14 Process Theories of Motivation Process Theories of Motivation Perspectives on the dynamics by which employees can be 1. Goal-setting theory (Edwin Locke and Gary Latham) motivated Managers can increase motivation by setting specific, challenging Organizational Behavior Modification (OB Mod) goals that are accepted as valid by subordinates, then helping Application in organizations of the principles of behavior people track their progress toward goal achievement by providing modification timely feedback. Evolved from the work of B. F. Skinner Self-efficacy - Internal belief about one’s job-related capabilities and competencies 15 16 Process Theories of Motivation Process Theories of Motivation 1. Goal-setting theory (Edwin Locke and Gary Latham) 1. Goal-setting theory (Edwin Locke and Gary Latham) Four Essential Elements Goal acceptance- employees have to “buy into” the goals and be committed to them Goal specificity - degree to which goals are concrete and unambiguous Goal difficulty - hard goals are more motivating than easy ones Feedback - people get information about how well they are doing in progressing toward goal achievement. 17 18 3  10/18/24 Process Theories of Motivation Process Theories of Motivation 2. Expectancy Model (Victor H. Vroom) 3. Equity Model (J. Stacy Adams) Employees interact with one another Perceptions Equity Valence - Preference for receiving a reward Overrewarded Expectancy - Effort results in completion of a task Underrewarded Instrumentality -Reward received in completion of a task 19 20 Process Theories of Motivation Process Theories of Motivation 3. Equity Model (J. Stacy Adams) 3. Equity Model (J. Stacy Adams) Four Referent Comparisons Distributive Justice - Fairness of outcomes Self-inside – Experiences in a different position, inside the Procedural Justice - Fairness of process current organization Interactional Justice - Fairness of treatment Self-outside – Experiences in a position, outside the current Informational Justice - Provided with explanations organization Interpersonal Justice - Treated with dignity and respect Other-inside – Another individual, inside the current organization Other-outside – Another individual, outside the current organization 21 22 References: IMPORTANT DATES TO REMEMBER Newstrom, John W. (2011). Organizational Behavior: Human OCT 11: CASE STUDY Behavior at Work. 13th ed/International Edition. The McGraw-Hill OCT 16&18: READING BREAK Companies, Inc. Rice University. (2019). Organizational Behavior. OpenStax. OCT 23&25: NO FACE TO FACE CLASSES Accessible through OCT 30: EXAM https://openstax.org/details/books/organizational-behavior NOV 1: HOLIDAY Robbins, Stephen P and Judge, Timothy A. (2013). Organizational Behavior 15th ed. Pearson. https://www.pearsonhighered.com/assets/samplechapter/0/1/3/2/0 132431564.pdf 23 24 4  10/18/24 MGT 131 Basic Motivation Concepts Reginald B. Vargas Instructor, DAME, CEM University of the Philippines Los Baños 25 5