Motivation Basic Concepts PDF

MOTIVATION Basic Concepts Meaning of Motivation Needs Drive Incentive Defining Motivation Key KeyElements Elements 1. 1. Intensity: Intensity:how howhard...

MOTIVATION Basic Concepts Meaning of Motivation Needs Drive Incentive Defining Motivation Key KeyElements Elements 1. 1. Intensity: Intensity:how howhard hardaaperson persontries tries 2. 2. Direction: Direction:toward towardbeneficial beneficialgoal goal 3. 3. Persistence: Persistence:how howlong longaaperson persontries tries Work Motivation Approaches Hierarchy of Needs Theory Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory X and Theory Y (McGregor) Two-Factor Theory (F Herzberg) ERG Theory (Clayton Alderfer) Concepts: Concepts: More Morethan thanone oneneed needcan can bebeoperative operativeatatthe thesame same time. time. Core CoreNeeds Needs IfIfaahigher-level higher-levelneed need Existence: Existence:provision provisionof of cannot basic cannotbe befulfilled, fulfilled,the the basicmaterial material desire desiretotosatisfy satisfyaalower- lower- requirements. requirements. level levelneed needincreases. increases. Relatedness: Relatedness:desire desirefor for relationships. relationships. Growth: Growth:desire desirefor for personal personaldevelopment. development. Alderfer’s ERG Theory A Content Perspective Satisfaction-Progression Frustration-Regression Growth Needs Relatedness Needs Existence Needs David McClelland’s Theory of Needs nPow nAch nAff Ken Thomas’s Model of Intrinsic Motivation Employees are intrinsically motivated when rewards an employee gets from work result from:  Choice– the ability to freely self-select and perform task activities.  Competence– the sense of accomplishment from skillfully performing chosen tasks or activities.  Meaningfulness– pursuing a task that matters in the larger scheme of things.  Progress– the feeling of significant advancement in achieving the task’s purpose. Equity Theory (cont’d) Propositions Propositionsrelating relatingto toinequitable inequitablepay: pay: 1. 1. Overrewarded Overrewardedemployees employeesproduce producemore morethan than equitably equitablyrewarded rewardedemployees. employees. 2. 2. Overrewarded Overrewardedemployees employeesdo dohigher higherquality quality piece piecework. work. 3. 3. Underrewarded Underrewardedhourly hourlyemployees employeesproduce produce lower lowerquality qualitywork. work. 4. 4. Underrewarded Underrewardedemployees employeesproduce producelarger larger quantities quantitiesof oflower-quality lower-qualitypiece piecework workthan than equitably equitablyrewarded rewardedemployees employees Expectancy Theory ( Victor Vroom) EXHIBIT 6-8  Expectancy Theory, an illustration praise from parents good graduate grades school studying good job lack of social life less friends expectancies no fun instrumentalities valences effort performance outcome Integrating Contempor ary Theories of Motivation