21ST CENTURY FROM STEM D TO ABM B PDF

PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD TIGSIK: a traditional Bicolano quatrain poetry with seven syllables Existed before the Spanish occupation in the per line...

PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD TIGSIK: a traditional Bicolano quatrain poetry with seven syllables Existed before the Spanish occupation in the per line, often used in social 1500s gatherings to give a toast or salute, reflecting themes of nature and daily life. LITERATURE FORMS: I. ORAL LITERATURE SPANISH PERIOD RIDDLES (BUGTONG): Figurative SPANISH INFLUENCES ON statements posed as questions, PHILIPPINE HISTORY: often used in gatherings as a form of entertainment. They require DOCTRINA CHRISTIANA: The first printed deeper answers. book in the Philippines, it served as the basis PROVERBS (SALAWIKAIN): Wise for religious practice. statements given by elders, often URBANA AT FELISA: A book written by emphasizing the importance of Modesto de Castro, consisting of letters experience. between two sisters that influenced society’s behavior by promoting good conduct. II. FOLK SONG RECREATIONAL PLAYS: Songs that reflect the daily life, aspirations, CENACULO: A staged re-enactment of hopes, and love of the Filipinos. Christ’s passion and death. SALUBONG: An Easter play dramatizing the LULLABIES (HELE): Sung to put meeting of the risen Christ and His mother. babies to sleep, expressing hopes PANUNULUYAN: A dramatic and musical and hardships of life. reenactment of Joseph and Mary’s journey to DRINKING SONGS (TAGAY): Bethlehem. Sung during drinking sessions, reflecting camaraderie. ZARZUELA: A musical comedy or LOVE SONGS (HARANA): melodrama in three acts dealing with human Serenades used by men to capture passions, emotions, or social and political the heart of a loved one. issues. RELIGIOUS SONGS: Songs used in rituals like exorcisms or thanksgiving during harvests. PERIOD OF ENLIGHTENMENT SONGS OF DEATH: Lamentations that commemorate the good deeds of the deceased. THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT (1872-1896) III. FOLK TALES (MGA KWENTONG Spearheaded by Filipino intellectuals BAYAN) (Ilustrados) who were educated in Europe, this movement exposed the abuses of Spanish Stories about nature, deities, and human colonization and advocated for reforms. Key behavior, imparting moral lessons. figures include Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar, and Graciano Lopez Jaena. MYTHS: Stories explaining natural phenomena, involving deities like “Bathala” (Tagalogs) and “Gueurang” (Bikolanos). KEY FIGURES AND THEIR WRITINGS: LEGENDS (ALAMAT): Stories explaining mysteries in nature, JOSE RIZAL: often with moral lessons. Noli Me Tangere FABLES (PABULA): Short stories El Filibusterismo using animals as characters to Mi Ultimo Adios teach moral lessons. La Indolencia delos Filipinos EPICS (EPIKO): Lengthy narratives Filipinas Dentro De Cien Anos about heroes and their adventures, often based on oral traditions. MARCELO H. DEL PILAR:  Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa (Love of THE NEW FILIPINO LITERATURE the Country) Kaiigat Kayo (Be Careful) Philippine literature in English experienced a Dasalan at Tocsohan (Prayers and dark period. Jokes) Philippine literarure in Tagalog was revived during this period. GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA: COMMON THEME OF POEM: Fray Botod Japanese brutalities La Hija del Fraile (The Child of the Friar) Poverty of life under Japanese government Everything is Hambug (Everything is a brave guerilla exploits. Mere Show) PERIOD OF ACTIVISM AMERICAN PERIOD “Youth activism in 1970- 1972 was due to Literature in English: Introduction of English domestic and worldwide causes.” as the medium of writing. Filipino writers -Ponciano Pineda imitated the themes and methods of American literature. THE LITERARY REVOLUTION Common Themes: Patriotism, social issues, It was manifested in the bloody and love for the native tongue. demonstrations and the sidewalk expressions and also in literature. AMERICAN REGIME PERIOD OF THE NEW SOCIETY JOSE GARCIA VILLA: Known as Doveglion (Dove, Eagle, Lion), Jose Garcia CARLOS PALANCA AWARDS: Villa was a renowned Filipino poet recognized for his innovative use of Gives annual awards punctuation, especially commas, earning him poems dealt with patience, regard the nickname “Comma Poet.” His notable for native culture, customs, and the works include The Anchored Angel, The beauties of nature and Emperor's New Sonnet, and Footnote to surroundings. Youth. Newspapers donned new forms. -favored news on economic progress discipline, culture, tourism. JAPANESE PERIOD POETRY FORMS: HAIKU: A free-verse poem with 17 syllables, PERIOD OF THE THIRD structured in three lines (5-7-5 syllables). REPUBLIC TANAGA: A short poem in Tagalog, with four During the Third Republic, poems were lines of seven syllables each. It features romantic and revolutionary. Many Filipino rhyme schemes such as AABB and ABAB. songs addressed true-to-life themes such as grief, poverty, aspirations for freedom, and KARANIWANG ANYO: The usual form of love for God, country, and fellowmen. Filipino poetry, following traditional structures and forms. POST EDSA 1 REVOLUTION PHILIPPINE LITERATURE IN In the short span of the Post-EDSA 1 ENGLISH Revolution, significant changes emerged in Filipino culture. New songs, newspapers,  speeches, and television programs reflected characterization, rhyme, or narrative these changes, with notable publications like technique. The Inquirer, Malaya, and People’s Journal ANALYSIS OF LITERARY STRUCTURE: playing important roles in this period. Focus on structure, tone, and the form of the literary piece, rather than historical or biographical contexts. LITERATURE AS INDEPENDENT ART: 21st CENTURY PERIOD A formalist views literature as an independent work of art, not as a reflection 21st century learners are demanded to be ICT of the author’s life or historical moments. inclined to compete with the style and format of writing as well. APPLICATION OF FORMALISM: New codes or lingos are used to add I. Close Reading: flavor in the literary pieces produced Carefully read and pay attention to details. nowadays. II. Literary Techniques: Look for images, metaphors, symbols, and their significance. DIMENTION TO LITERALLY TEXT III. Narration: Identify the narrator, characters, and their traits. PROVERBS IV. Examine Form and Structure: Determine how the structure supports the theme and message. NEW CRITICISM & FORMALIST ANALYSIS SIMILARITIES WITH FORMALISM: Both focus on the literary text itself and disregard external contexts such as the author’s biography or historical background. POEM: COÑOTATIONS BY PAOLO MANALO FORMALISM The poem reflects casual, conversational Filipino-English language, often with a humorous tone. Characters use colloquial language typical in urban Filipino culture. The language captures the multicultural, multi-lingual experience of contemporary Filipino society. STEPS FOR CONNOTATION ANALYSIS: Step 1: Identify impactful details from the poem. KEY FEATURES OF FORMALISM: Step 2: Determine if the poem narrates a story. FOCUS ON FORMAL ELEMENTS: Examines formal elements such as diction, irony, paradox, metaphor, symbolism, plot,  Step 3: Analyze images, similes, metaphors, or symbols related to geography, ethnicity, and language. Step 4: Examine characters and their traits. Step 5: Interpret the message conveyed by the poem. FORMALIST APPROACH critical approach in analyzing literary text focuses on the elements of a work-its language, structure, and tone. THEME conveys what the literary piece is about. AUTHOR is the one telling the story in a literary piece. A formalist believes that a literary work is shaped by words and image.