2024 CP Biology Sm 1 Exam Study Guide Key PDF

CP Biology 2024 Semester One Exam Study Guide Name: ___Key Directions: Complete this exam review. There will be grades taken from your completed review. Additionally, you will be completing this review in groups, which will result in a group grade, too. Unit 1: Laboratory General Pr...

CP Biology 2024 Semester One Exam Study Guide Name: ___Key Directions: Complete this exam review. There will be grades taken from your completed review. Additionally, you will be completing this review in groups, which will result in a group grade, too. Unit 1: Laboratory General Procedures, Safety, Emergency Procedures and Biology Lab Equipment 1. Use the word bank to identify the biology lab equipment. Write the letter(s) next to the apparatus. A. Beaker C. Forceps E. Graduated cylinder AC. Probe BC. Test tubes B. Flask D. Funnel AB. Goggle AD. Petri dish BD. Test tube rack 2. Circle all that apply. For safety issues, you should always know the location and use of the ( safety shower , eyes wash , pencil sharpener, fire extinguisher ) 3. Circle one. It is good laboratory practice to direct sharp instruments ( away from , toward ) yourself and others. 4. If you cut yourself in the biology lab, what are you required to do? [This applies to severe and non-severe cuts.] If bleeding is severe, apply pressure directly to the cut, and get medical attention right away 5. What is your responsibility if any case of accidents, breakages, and procedure errors occur during a lab investigation? You are to tell the teacher immediately and not wait 6. What do you do with used matches? Place them in a container of water and never in a waster container Unit 2: The Science and Chemistry of Life 7. Circle all that apply. The subatomic particle(s) located outside the atomic nucleus ( proton , electron , neutron ) 1 8. How much more acid is solution of pH 2 compared to a solution of pH 0? 100 x’s more acidic 9. List the following sequence from smallest to largest: ecosystem, population, organ system, cell, community, molecule, organ, organism, organelle, tissue molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem 10. Which of the following statements about the properties of life is false?  All organisms have the ability to reproduce  All organisms have the ability to maintain a constant internal temperature The second choice is false  All organisms have the ability to respond to stimuli from the environment 11. What is the role of a control in an experiment? Provides a basis of comparison to the experimental group 12. Circle all that apply. The four most common elements in living organisms are ( carbon , hydrogen , iron , lithium , nitrogen , oxygen , sodium ) 13. Circle all that apply. The subatomic particles located inside the atomic nucleus: ( proton , electron , neutron ) 14. Circle one. The subatomic particle used to make chemical bonds: ( proton , electron , neutron ) 15. Circle one. The atomic number of an atom that has 2 protons, 2 neutrons, and 2 electrons: (0,2,4,6,8) 16. Circle one. The atomic mass of an atom that has 2 protons, 2 neutrons, and 2 electrons: ( 0 , 2 , 4, 6 , 8 ) 17. Circle one. A molecule that is described as having a positive and a negative end that results from an unequal sharing of electrons: ( neutral , ionic , polar covalent ) 18. Circle one. A type of chemical bonding that involves the sharing of electrons: ( covalent , ionic , hydrogen ) 19. Circle one. A type of chemical bonding that involves the transfer of electrons: ( covalent , ionic , hydrogen ) 20. Examine to diagram below. What change is occurring for chlorine? Cl is filling its third electron shell 21. What is the different between a hypothesis and a law? Hypothesis is a proposed explanation for a set of observations; law proven to be true many times and in many ways 22. Circle one. The overall charge of an atom that has an equal number of protons and electrons: ( neutral , negative , positive ) 2 23. Circle one. The name of a positively charged atom: ( neutron , cation , anion ) 24. Circle one. The name of a negatively charged atom: ( neutron , cation , anion ) 25. Circle one. This type of bond results from sodium ion attracting to chlorine ions, which forms the compound sodium chloride: ( hydrogen , ionic , covalent ) 26. You need to know:  The differences between the control group and the experimental group  The differences between a dependent variable and an independent variable  Where to place the dependent and independent variables on a graph Unit 3: Biochemistry—Compounds Essential to Life 27. Label the macromolecules below using the terms: a) carbohydrate, b) lipid, c) nucleic acid, and d) protein. c) nucleic acid a) carbohydrate Figure 3.15A Nitrogenous base (adenine) Phosphate group Sugar b) lipid d) protein 28. Circle one. Nucleotides contain lipids: ( yes, no ) 29. Circle one. The building of a polymer by the removal of water: ( dehydration synthesis , hydrolysis ) 30. Circle one. Atoms will seek to bond with other atoms in order to become ( more stable , less stable ). 31. Circle one. The monomer unit for a carbohydrate is a/an ( amino acid , monosaccharide ) 32. Circle one. The monomer unit for nucleic acid is a ( polypeptide , nucleotide ) 33. Circle one. The main function of carbohydrates: ( building the cell membrane , storage , short-term energy storage ) 34. Circle one. The main function of proteins: ( storage , building structures ) 35. Circle one. The main function of lipids: ( building the cell membrane , short-term energy storage ) 3 36. Circle one. The monomer unit for protein is a/an ( amino acid , nucleotide ) 37. Circle one. Using covalent bonds, carbon has the ability to bond with up to ( 2 , 4 , 6, 8 ) other atoms. Unit 4 Cell Structure, Cell Function, and the Microscope 38. Circle one. Bacteria are ( eukaryotic , prokaryotic ) 39. Circle one. Plant cells are ( eukaryotic , prokaryotic ) 40. Circle one. Cells that have a nucleus: ( eukaryotic , prokaryotic ) 41. Circle one. Cells that contain membrane bound organelles: ( eukaryotic , prokaryotic ) 42. Circle one. The nucleus of a cell ( contains DNA , is contained within ribosomes ) 43. Circle one. The Golgi apparatus ( packages and prepared proteins before being exported out of the cell , strings together amino acids to produce proteins ) 44. You will need to find a picture of a typical light microscope and label these parts:  Ocular lens, illuminator/diaphragm, stage, stage clips, fine adjustment, course adjustment, base, revolving nosepiece/turret, objective lens (i.e. scanning, low power, and high power) 45. Circle one. The microscope adjustment knob used for the low power objective lens: ( course , fine, both course and fine ) 46. Circle one. The microscope objective lens that provide the widest viewing angle: ( high , low , scanning ) 47. Circle one. The function of mitochondria: ( cell respiration , photosynthesis , lysis ) 48. Circle one. The function of chloroplasts: ( cell respiration , photosynthesis , lysis ) 49. Circle one. ( Golgi , Lysosomes , Endoplasmic reticulum , Peroxisomes ) are membrane-bound organelles with roles in processes involved in degrading and recycling cellular waste, cellular signaling and energy metabolism; they help to digest worn-out or damaged organelles. 50. Circle one. ( Golgi , Lysosomes, Endoplasmic reticulum , Peroxisomes ) are membrane-bound organelles containing oxidative enzymes that are involved in a variety of metabolic reactions, including several aspects of energy metabolism; they are most abundantly found in detoxifying organs such as the liver and kidney cells. 51. Circle one. Proteins that will stay in the cell are made on the ( free ribosomes , mitochondria ) 52. Circle one. Controls what enters and exits the cell: ( smooth endoplasmic reticulum , plasma membrane ) 53. Circle one. Makes lipids for cell membrane repair: ( smooth endoplasmic reticulum , rough endoplasmic reticulum , Golgi ) 4 54. Circle one. The microscope adjustments knob used with the high power objective lens: ( fine adjustment , course adjustment , both fine and course adjustment ) 55. In the space below, write the three parts of the cell theory.  The cell is the basic unit or organization of organisms  All organisms are composed of cells  All cells come from preexisting cell Unit 5: Homeostasis and Cell Transport 56. Circle one. The phospholipid heads of the plasma membrane are ( hydrophobic , hydrophilic ) and face ( toward , away from ) the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane. 57. Circle one. The plasma membrane is ( selectively permeable , completely permeable ), thus allowing some substances to enter or leave a cell more easily than others. 58. Circle one. Cells placed in a hypertonic solution will begin to ( shrivel , swell ). 59. Circle one. The concentration of dissolved substances in a ( hypotonic , isotonic ) solution is the same as the concentration of the dissolved substances within a cell. 60. Circle one. The concentration of dissolved substances in a ( hypotonic , hypertonic ) solution is the less than the concentration of the dissolved substances in a cell. As a result, water moves into the cell. 61. Circle one. The concentration of dissolved substances in a ( hypotonic , hypertonic ) solution is more than the concentration of the dissolved substances within a cell. As a result, water leaves the cell. 62. Circle one. Cells placed in a hypotonic solution will begin to ( shrivel , swell ). 63. Circle one. Type of transport in which particle movement is from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration: ( active transport , passive transport ) 64. Circle one. Type of transport in which particle movement is from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration: ( active transport , passive transport ) 65. Circle one. Energy used for active transport but not passive transport: ( ATP , glucose, water ) 66. Circle one. Process by which a cell takes in material by forming a vacuole around it: ( endocytosis , exocytosis, diffusion ) 67. Circle one. A form of passive transport that uses transport proteins: ( ATP , facilitated transport ) 68. Circle one. This is the result of drinking water from the ocean: ( you dehydrate yourself , you quench your thirst ) 69. Circle one. Simple diffusion does not require the cell to expend ATP is a form of ( active transport , passive transport ). 5 70. Circle one. Osmosis, which is a form or passive transport, is defined as the diffusion of ( oxygen , water ) 71. Which figure below (A, B, C) depicts an animal cell placed in a solution hypotonic to the cell? A Units 6 and 7: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration 72. Circle one. Individual membrane-bound sac that contained within a chloroplast and plays a role in photosynthesis: ( stoma , thylakoid , stroma ) 73. Circle one. Cells that control the opening of the stomata: ( guard cells , mesophyll cells ) 74. Circle one. The Calvin Cycle uses the products of light reactions and carbon dioxide to produce ( water , glucose , sunlight ) 75. Circle one. Cells specialize in photosynthesis: ( mesophyll , stomach , stroma ) 76. Circle one. The name given to organisms that can make their own food: ( autotrophs , heterotrophs ) 77. Circle one. Besides oxygen, the other gas that is part of photosynthesis: ( carbon dioxide , nitrogen ) 78. Circle one. The name of the liquid portion of a chloroplast that plays a role in photosynthesis: ( stoma , thylakoid , stroma ) 79. Circle one. Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts and cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria: ( true , false ) 80. Circle one. The type of fermentation the human body undergoes: ( alcoholic , lactic acid ). 81. Circle one. The type of fermentation found in bacteria, yeasts, and fungi: ( alcoholic , lactic acid ) 82. Place these three terms and in the correct order sequence: electron transport chain, glycolysis, and Krebs cycle Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain 83. Circle one. The sequence of events in #82 above are part of ( cellular respiration , photosynthesis ) 84. Circle one. The stage common to both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism: ( glycolysis , Krebs cycle ) 85. Circle one. A type of cellular respiration that does not require oxygen: ( aerobic , anaerobic ) 86. In the space below, write the overall equation for the cellular respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy 6 87. In the space below, write the overall equation for photosynthesis. 6CO2 + 6H2O + Light → C5H12O6 + 6O2 Units 8 and 9: Cell Reproduction and An Introduction To Modern Genetics 88. Circle one. A term that describes the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis: ( cytokinesis , nondisjunction ) 89. Circle one. The “I” in the acronym IPMATC represents ( interphase , ion ) 90. Circle one. Besides the duplication of chromosomes, ( cell growth , cytokinesis ) occurs during interphase. 91. Circle one. Human have ( 23 pairs , 46 pairs , 92 pairs ) chromosomes. 92. Circle one. During ( anaphase , metaphase ) of mitosis, chromosomes line up down the middle of the cell. 93. Circle one. ( Meiosis , Mitosis ) allows organisms to generate genetic diversity. 94. Circle one. ( Meiosis , Mitosis ) allows organisms to repair, replace, and grow cells. 95. Circle one. ( Meiosis, Mitosis ) occurs in ovaries and testes. 96. Circle one. In humans ( meiosis , mitosis ) produces duplicate daughter cells with ( 23 , 46 ) chromosomes. 97. Circle one. A human zygotes contains ( 23 , 46 ) chromosomes. Once fertilization takes place, the cell begins to divide by ( meiosis , mitosis ) to make more cells. 98. Circle one. Gametes are ( diploid , haploid ). 99. Circle one. During ( prophase I , prophase II ) of meiosis, crossing over occurs. 100. Circle one. The ultimate goal of mitosis is to make ( 2 , 4 , 6 ) genetically identical cells. 101. Circle one. At the end of meiosis II, ( 2 , 4 , 6 ) genetically different cells are produced. 102. Circle one. Unlike mitosis, meiosis has ( 1 , 2 , 4 ) cell divisions. 103. Circle one. ( Body cells , sex cells ) are examples of haploid cells. 104. Circle one. ( Meiosis , Mitosis ) is the form of cell division that produces gametes. 105. Circle one. ( Oogenesis , Spermatogenesis ) results in the production of egg cells in females. 106. Circle one. During ( prophase , telophase ) of mitosis, the nuclear envelope re-forms and cytokinesis will follow. 107. Circle one. At the end of Meiosis II in females, four cells are produced. One of the cells develops into a mature egg cell and the other cells are called ( ovum , polar bodies ). 7 108. Circle one. Eukaryotic cells spend most of their cell cycle in ( interphase , metaphase ). 109. Circle one. Characteristics that are inherited: ( mycology , traits ) 110. Circle one. The father of modern genetics is ( Gregor Mendel , Robert Hooke , Anton van Leeuwenhoek ). 111. Circle one. Observable characteristics: ( genotype, phenotype ). 112. Circle one. The branch of biology that studies heredity: ( genetics , zoology ) 113. Circle one. The genetic makeup of an organism can be described as its ( genotype , phenotype ) 114. Circle one. This is used to predict and compare genetic variations: ( Pythagorean theorem , Punnett square ) 115. Granny and grandpa are heterozygous for the star eye shape (Ee). If one of their heterozygous children married a girl with blast-type eyes, what percentage of their grandchildren should have starry eyes? What percent would have blast-type eyes? Create a Punnett square to help you find your answers. The grandchildren would have a 50% chance of having either eye type. Fifty percent of their grandchildren should have starry eyes and fifty percent should have blast-type eyes; however, the actual outcome may vary. Punnett square 116. Curly Joe has curly hair, but neither of her parents do! Is this possible? Create a Punnett square to help you find your answer. Use the allele possibility of S and s. In order for Curly Joe to have curly hair, both of her parents would have to be heterozygous for straight hair (Ss). Curly Joe had a one in four chance (or 25%) to have curly hair. Punnett square  Short Answer Questions 117. How do photosynthesis and cellular respiration demonstrate a perfect cycle for life to exist? The reactants of the first reaction are the products of the next reaction and so on 118. With regards to cellular respiration, why is it necessary for you to eat and breathe? Eat: You are a heterotroph and therefore you do NOT make your own food (i.e. sugar, such as glucose) Breath: You must obtain oxygen, which is a reactant in cellular respiration. 8 119. Name and then describe the processes involved in making and breakdown macromolecules. Dehydration synthesis: building of a polymer by the removal of water hydrolysis: breaking up of a polymer by the addition of water 120. Compare and contract mitosis and meiosis. Your comparisons answer:  Both mitosis and meiosis are types of cell division, they produce daughter cells, and both mitosis have the "PMAT" stages (which stand for Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase). Your differences answer:  Mitosis has only one round of cell division, while meiosis has two  Mitosis only occurs in somatic (body) cells, while meiosis occurs in sex cells  Mitosis produces daughter cells (diploid cells) that are identical to the parent cell, while mitosis produces haploid / monoploid cells that only have half of the normal number of chromosomes. 121. Describe what could be a possible problem with using the term theory inside and outside the domain of science. Words take in different meanings—outside of science a theory may mean an educated guess 122. List five lab safety requirements/regulations that expected to be used by everyone in the classroom. Various answers  Exam Format  A Pivot Interactive, to be completed in class on December 8, will count 15% of your total exam grade.  You’ll need #2 pencils for this exam  This exam will count 15% of your semester average  140-multiple choice questions to be answered on a Scantron form(s)  3-short answer questions  Before you enter the classroom, you will place all of your personal belongs outside the classroom o You may not bring into the classroom your cell phone or smart watch 9