BIOL 1001L Introductory Biology Lab I Final Exam Review Fall 2024 PDF
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Georgia Southern University
2024
Georgia Southern University
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Summary
This is a study guide for the final exam of the BIOL 1001L Introductory Biology Lab I course, Fall 2024, at Georgia Southern University. The course covers laboratory topics and concepts from Chapters 1, 2A, 2B, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, and 9, as well as the Bioplastic online module.
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FINAL EXAM REVIEW SHEET, FALL 2024 BIOL 1001L Introductory Biology Lab I: Environment EEK OF NOVEMBER 18th to 22nd during your regular lab day and time. W The Final Lab Exam will becompletedin...
FINAL EXAM REVIEW SHEET, FALL 2024 BIOL 1001L Introductory Biology Lab I: Environment EEK OF NOVEMBER 18th to 22nd during your regular lab day and time. W The Final Lab Exam will becompletedinthelab,coveringmaterialfromallthelabs,Chapters1,2A, 2B,3,4,5,7,8,and9andtheBioplasticOnlineModule.Duringtheexam,youmustfollowthes afetyand dress code (wear closed-toed shoes, a shirt with sleeves, and long pants) guidelines. T heFinalLabExamwillconsistof20%open-endedquestionsand80%multiple-choice,fill-in-the-blank, true-and-false,ormatchingquestions.Youwillhaveonehourandfiftyminutestocompletetheexam.Look through the lab manual,yourlabreports(includinghomework),andpost-labquestionsattheendofeach chapter for potential questions. When reviewing lab reports, be s ure to understand anytechniquesused, s pecimens you viewed under the s cope (microscopeanddissectings copes),andlabtoolsandequipment youusedtocompletethelabactivity.Yourexamwillprovidealltheinformationneeded.Therefore,youare notallowedtohaveelectronicdevicess uchascellphones,s martwatches,headphones/earpieces,laptops, or tablets for the exam. Using a prohibited device during an examinationisconsideredcheating,and you will receive a 0. You will only need a pen/pencil and a four-function calculator. leasebeawarethatifyouareabsentfromtheexam,youwillonlybeallowedtomakeuptheexam P if we receive an excuse from the DOS office regarding your absence. To do this, you must s ubmit a Notification to Faculty Request form with appropriate documentation. After receiving your approval, you must s chedule your exam with your lab instructor. The last day to reschedule a Final Lab Examwillbe Tuesday, December 3rd. S ARCAccommodations:TotaketestsintheSARCoffice,pleases cheduleyourtestsforthes ameday andtimeasyourlabs ectionusingtheExamRequestFormbelow.Ifyourlabs chedulefallsoutsideofSARC officehours,contactyourlabinstructortodetermineapreferreddayandtime.Itisimportanttoreachoutto SARC at least three business days in advance, so please plan accordingly.SARC FORM If you have any questions about the instructions, please contact your lab instructor or the lab s upervisor, Dr. Lara ([email protected]).Good luck! T he following list is not comprehensive, but it providesagoodrepresentationoftheitemsthat ill be covered. Feel free to use this study guide for your preparation! w Intro Lab: Laboratory Safety Rules: Be familiar with Laboratory rules, regulations, and procedures, such as proper laboratory attire,Eatingand Drinking Guidelines,and the location ofLaboratoryEmergency Equipment. How to properly dispose of biohazard waste. Lab #1: Scientific Tools and Techniques What are SI units? Convert between metric and US customary units How do we calculate means or averages? What is Length? o What is the basic unit of length? o Types of linear measurement. Linear measurements include length, width, distance, and diameter. 1 FINAL EXAM REVIEW SHEET, FALL 2024 Example of Instruments used to measure length o What is Mass? o What is the basic unit of mass? o Examples of Instruments used to measure mass What is volume? o What is the basic unit of liquid volume? o Example of Instruments used to measure volume o What is the meniscus? o How to read the meniscus What is Temperature? o What is the basic unit of temperature? o Examples of Instruments used to measure mass What is the Diameter at breast height (DBH)? How to calculate DBH? What is Accuracy? What is precision? Distinguish between accuracy and precision? Lab 2A and 2B: Scientific Investigation and Writing What is Scientific Investigation? Describe the steps of the scientific investigation: Observation, Questions, Literature Review, Hypothesis, Prediction, Experiment, Conclusion What are the limitations of the scientific method? Formulate testable hypotheses and predictions Identify factors important in experimental design Types of variables o Independent variables, Dependent variables, controlled variables, o continuous variables vs discrete variables o experimental group vs. control group o replication and sample size Data presentation. Make simple graphs and tables with provided or calculated data. o Line graph vs. Histogram graph vs. Bar graphs Develop reasonable conclusions based on collected data o Applying the Scientific Method: Does sunscreen protect you from UV radiation? How chemical sunscreens can affect exposure to UV radiation. Parts of the scientific paper (Title, Authors, Keywords, Abstract, Introduction, Material and Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusion, Acknowledgment, References) Describe and differentiate each part of the scientific paper. Lab 5: Invasive Species, Biological Control, and Microcopy What is an introduced species? What is an Invasive species? Describe the methods used to control invasive species: mechanical control, chemical control, and biological control. Ecological and economic impact of invasive species What are natural enemies, and how do they conceive them and enhance their effectiveness as biological control agents? What are the advantages and disadvantages of biological control? 2 FINAL EXAM REVIEW SHEET, FALL 2024 W hat are entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN)? How are they used to control invasive species? What is a pesticide? A pesticide is any chemical substance used to kill or prevent the growth of an unwanted or harmful organism. Examples of biological control and invasive species studied in the class Types of pesticides and examples: Inorganic pesticides, Botanicals, and Microbial. Mechanism of action of the pesticides: Stomach poisons, Contact poisons, Systemic poisons, Desiccants What is diatomaceous earth (DE), and how is it used for biological control? Microscopy. o Identify parts of the compound microscope. Know the functions of each of the parts. o Identify parts of the dissecting microscope. Know the functions of the parts. o Differences between the compound microscope and the dissecting microscope. o What is Total magnification? How do you calculate total magnification? o Define the field of view and photomicrograph. o How to put away a microscope properly, including the placement of the cord and low power objective. Describe the steps to do wet mounts. Online Module: Bioplastics Are there environmentally friendly alternatives to plastic? What do we as a society need to do to help solve the plastic problem? What role can you play in addressing the issue of plastic pollution? What are bioplastics made from? What are the potential benefits of using bioplastics? Are bioplastics good for the environment? What is the composting bioplastics process? What are the properties of plastics? What are they made from? What is leachate? Are bioplastic biodegradable? How does plastic in the ocean impact marine animals? What's one way we can reduce plastic's impact on the environment? What are some products you think recycled plastics could be turned into. Why do you think plastic became the go-to option? If you could go back in time, would you stop the discovery of plastic? Or do you think this material offers important benefits that outweigh its negatives? What if we tried to remove all the plastic waste from the sea? Would this be beneficial? Do you think this (removal of the plastic) could have some unexpected consequences? List how you could help reduce plastic waste and its environmental impact. Lab 3: Allelopathy: A (plant-plant Interaction) What is Allelopathy? What is plant competition? What are Species interactions? Effect of plant compounds on seed germination and seedling development What are allelochemicals? List the disadvantages of using allelochemicals as bioherbicides. What are essential oils? What was the purpose of testing essential oils in this lab? Describe how to control an invasive plant that is allelopathic 3 FINAL EXAM REVIEW SHEET, FALL 2024 Explain each of the classes of secondary compounds and known examples of them: o Alkaloids, terpenes, and phenols. Lab 4: Building Green What is a green building? What is sustainability? How is LEED certification obtained? How do you calculate Energy Composition, energy use, annual energy use, and annual cost? How do you calculate the cost of different types of lighting? Explain the features and functions of a LEED-certified building Present recommendations on minimizing a building’s environmental impact Importance of environmentally sustainable practices What are the advantages of a green building Describe things you can do to reduce your impact on the environment. Lab 7: Water Quality and Waterborne Pathogens Explain the importance of water quality on human health Uses of freshwater other than human consumption. How can water resources become contaminated? o Point source pollution and o non-point source pollution Define pathogens Define a bacterial colony What is the maximum allowable number ofE. colicolonies in 100 ml of drinking water? Describe how coliforms are used as an indicator of water quality Evaluate daily consumption and reflect on changes in personal water use. Know how to calculate the number of Colony Forming Units (CFUs) and CFUs per 100 ml. What purification methods were tested in the lab to check their effectiveness on water purification? o UV sterilization, o chemical sterilization, and o filtered sterilization. o Untreated (what is the purpose of adding this treatment to the experiment) Which one of the treatments was the most effective in your lab? why? How is the Coliscan medium used to see coliform presence? o Galactosidase vs glucuronidase o Color colony guide: E. coli:dark blue/purple and Other coliforms: pink/red 4 FINAL EXAM REVIEW SHEET, FALL 2024 Lab 8: Aquatic Ecosystems: Biotic Agents and Abiotic Agents Define Ecology Define and identify abiotic and biotic components. Evaluate water quality parameters. What abiotic components were evaluated in the lab? Units to measure each of the components evaluated? o Temperature, o electrical conductivity, o pH level, o nitrate, o Dissolved oxygen, o phosphate. How the abiotic components were used to determine the health of the water habitat? Explain the process of eutrophication and algal bloom Define trophic level, food chain, food web, and trophic structure. Differentiate between producer, consumer, herbivore, carnivore, omnivore, and detritivore. Differentiate between autotroph and heterotroph organisms. How does the trophic structure determine the health of a water habitat? What biotic components were studied to assess the health of the water habit under study? o Plants, o macroinvertebrates, and o Plankton Lab 9: Population Ecology What is population ecology? Explain exponential growth Explain logistic growth. o A ccording to the logistic growth model, if the carrying capacity of a species is equal to its population size at a given time, what is the growth rate of that population? o What happens when the population size (n) approaches the carrying capacity (K) What is Carrying capacity? o E xplain how a recently introduced species may overshoot the carrying capacity before the population stabilizes. What are the density-dependent and density-independent limiting factors? How does climate change affect population growth? Describe the pattern of predator-pray population cycles and explain why this pattern occurs. Isle Royale: o What animal first made their way to Isle Royale, how did they get there, and what did they find there? o What was the Moose carrying capacity when there were no wolves? Was it logistic or exponential? o W hat animals populated Isle Royale after the moose, how did they reach the island, and how did this affect the moose population? 5 FINAL EXAM REVIEW SHEET, FALL 2024 o Why is Isle Royale a practical place to study population ecology? o How can moose dramatically affect the composition of the vegetation community in their habitat? o Do moose have greater fat stores with wolves absent or present? o H ow might an increase in yearly temperature affect animal or plant populations or local ecological communities? Tools/ instruments used during the lab course: what are they and their uses? L ab tools:Measuring tape, measuring wheel, balances,thermometers, vortex, forceps, serological pipets, pumps, fixed volume pipettes, pipet tips, transfer pipets, graduate cylinders, rulers Meters and units: UV meter, power meter, dissolved oxygen meter, pH meter, conductivity meter Explain how to set up a Nitrate test and Phosphate test Scopes:Microscopes and Dissecting microscopes o Know how to use the compound and the dissecting microscopes. o How to prepare wet mounts and how to observe specimens o How to focus prepared slides E xplain how to perform sterilization procedures using the following methods: UV sterilization, chemical drops method, and filter method. Explain how to set up a Coliscan medium plate and observe the presence of coliforms. 6
