2. DSM.pdf

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) Overview  DSM & ICD Two references are acceptable for diagnosing psychological disorders. DSM ICD  Classification reference: Helps more in diagnosis than treatment and giving information...

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) Overview  DSM & ICD Two references are acceptable for diagnosing psychological disorders. DSM ICD  Classification reference: Helps more in diagnosis than treatment and giving information - about prevalence, symptoms, major & minor criteria related to => Issued by APA (in 2013) a specific disorder 1- (DSM-5) (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition, which was issued in 2013. This manual is the result of more than ten years of 3 To prevent cultural bias efforts made by hundreds of international experts in all aspects of mental Cultural bias and mental health , which resulted in reliable results that explain, define, and is found in ICD because classify psychological and mental disorders, in order to develop both it was conducted in the US diagnostic, treatment, and research processes. This guide is considered an - ① r & assistant e for specialists worldwide to reach a unified and approved diagnosis.D -  In arab countries we still have a big problem in this context as legal procedures that regulate psychological professionals are still a little ambiguous and in many Arab countries they don’t exist at all Although some aspects are clear there is a grey area in which it’s difficult to determine who’s responsible for this kind of problem in case of grey area, you have to use your wisdom to deal with this kind of problems 2- (ICD-11) (International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems), International Statistical Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders, Eleventh Edition, issued by the World Health Organization, as it enabled medical workers to obtain online training. ① ② However, both systems represent codes and manual for diseases which provide medical information such as claims process in medical billing, statistics on morbidity & mortality, surveying epidemic outbreak, etc. What Is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder? DSM Diagnostic tool. ① All categories of mental health disorders. ② > - Last published in May 2013 ③ - Lists of symptoms, statistics (Prevalence) ⑪ - ⑤ Last text revised in 2012 -  Samples: Accuracy DSM: Samples were taken from different nations (worldwide) ICD: Samples were taken from the United States Usage: ICD: Less accurate Both DSM and ICD are used worldwide DSM: More accurate – more details Credence DSM: It is an official classification adopted by many nations around the world ICD: It is an official classification in the United States. But is adopted by many countries as well Purpose ICD is used for classifying all illness and is used by many health practitioners DSM is used particularly by clinical psychologists & psychiatrists as it represents code set for all mental disorders  The (DSM) is the handbook widely used by clinicians and psychiatrists in the United States to diagnose clinical disorders. Published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA), the DSM covers all categories of mental health disorders for both adults and children. The DSM-5 refers to the fifth edition of this handbook, though the DSM-5-TR (text revision) is the latest version used. The DSM is a reference handbook that most U.S. mental health professionals use to reach an accurate diagnosis. mental problems are more prelevant in falls a  It contains descriptions, symptoms, and other criteria necessary for diagnosing mental Prevelance health disorders. It also contains statistics concerning who is most affected by different types of illnesses, the typical age of onset, the development and course of the disorders, risks and prognostic factors, and other related diagnostic issues. Just as with medical conditions, certain government agencies and many insurance carriers require a specific diagnosis in order to approve payment for support or treatment of mental health conditions. Therefore, in addition to being used for ① ② psychiatric diagnosis and treatment recommendations, mental health professionals also ③ use the DSM to classify patients for billing purposes.  DSM Brief History The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual was first published in 1952. Since then, there 102 have been several updates issued. In the DSM-I, there were 102 categories of 182 265 diagnoses, increasing to 182 in the DSM-II, 265 in the DSM-III, and 297 in the 297 DSM-IV  Changes in the DSM-5 The fifth edition of the DSM contains a number of significant changes from the earlier DSM-IV and DSM-IV-TR. The most immediately obvious change is the shift from ① using Roman numerals to Arabic numbers in the name (i.e., it is now written as DSM-5, not DSM-V). ② Perhaps most notably, the DSM-5 eliminated the multiaxial system. Instead, the DSM-5 lists categories of disorders along with a number of different related disorders. Example categories in the DSM-5 include anxiety disorders, bipolar and related disorders, depressive disorders, feeding and eating disorders, obsessive compulsive and related disorders, and personality disorders.  A few other changes that came with the DSM-5 included: ③ Asperger syndrome was eliminated as a diagnosis and, instead, incorporated under the category of Autism spectrum disorder. ⑪ Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder was added Used to be considered ⑤ as a symptom of OCD Several diagnoses were officially added to the manual, including binge eating disorder, hoarding disorder, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. While the DSM is an important tool, only those who have received specialized training and possess sufficient experience are qualified to diagnose and treat mental illnesses.  Changes in the DSM-5-TR The DSM, fifth edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR) contains revised criteria for more than 70 Q disorders. The DSM-5-TR also includes the addition of a new diagnosis called prolonged grief disorders. There are new codes added to the DSM-5-TR that will allow clinicians to document suicidal ② (NSSI) behavior and non-suicidal self-injury in patients that don't have another clinical diagnosis. 3 Self-inflicted act that causes pain or superficial damage but is not intended to cause death ③ The DSM-5-TR uses more specific language to avoid reader confusion. For instance, it revised the wording of criterion A in autism spectrum disorder from "as manifested by the following" to "as manifested by all of the following" to indicate that all symptoms must be present in order for a diagnosis to be made.  ⑪ The parenthetical "(social phobia)" was removed. The term "intellectual disability" ⑤ was revised to intellectual development disorder. Recap The DSM-5-TR revised criteria for 70 disorders as well as added a new diagnosis, prolonged grief disorder.