1st Day Reviewer - Media & Information Literacy PDF

1. PREHISTORIC AGE (200-000 B.C-100 B.C) Rock carving Music, songs, sculpture, and cave...

1. PREHISTORIC AGE (200-000 B.C-100 B.C) Rock carving Music, songs, sculpture, and cave paintings COMMUNICATION Pottery Turow (2010) Megalithic architectures - “people interacting in ways that at least 2. ANCIENT AGE (3000 B.C-100 B.C) one of the parties involved understands a Announcements written on message” Roman Walls (3000 B.C) George Gerbner (1969) Emergence of Chinese block - “A social interaction through messages” printing (600 B.C) 3. MIDDLE AGES (5th-15th Centuries) ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION (Hanson 2005, The invention of the movable type Turow 2010) printing press by Johannes 1. Source Gutenberg in 1436. 2. Encoding Koreans experimented with 3. Message movable type printing presses. 4. Channel The first Gutenberg Bible was 5. Decoding printed. 6. Receiver 4. INDUSTRIAL AGE (15th-1969) 7. Feedback Emergence of steam power 8. Noise advertisements, photography and Physical Noise visual media. Physiological Noise Alexander Grahambell invented Psychological Noise the telephone and telegraph. Mass production of print media. LEVELS OF COMMUNICATION (Hanson 2005, 5. NEW (INFORMATION) AGE (1970-2004) Dominick 2011) Emergence of American 1. Intrapersonal Communication Directors. 2. Interpersonal Communication Robert Khan invented the 3. Mediated/ Machine-assisted “internet” in 1974. Communication Bill Gates designed the PC 4. Public Communication operating system in 1975. 5. Mass Communication Steve Jobs and Stephen Wozniak invented Apple II in 1977. MEDIA LITERACY- ability to consume and evaluate 6. SOCIAL AGE (2005-PRESENT) information from different media Newspaper companies started to INFORMATION LITERACY- ability to find, evaluate use social networking tools in and use information 2006. TECHNOLOGICAL LITERACY- ability to use, Internet surpassed newspapers understand, and assess technology to solve as the source of the latest problems information in 2009. Avatar surpassed Titanic as the TYPES OF MEDIA world’s highest-grossing film. 1. PRINT MEDIA- anything that uses paper TV Tube → LED → Smart TV and ink 2. OUTDOOR MEDIA- its main goal is to MEDIA and INFORMATION SOURCES persuade, even if it's printed if it's 1. INDIGENOUS SOURCES persuasive then outdoor media 2. LIBRARY 3. BROADCAST MEDIA- its main goal is to 3. INTERNET persuade Additional: 4. NEW MEDIA- it uses the internet Open-Educational Resources (OER) These are the free and publicly accessible EVOLUTION materials and websites.  Ex: Government sites the main body of the research investigation - Historical developments - Cultural developments - Academic developments - Scientific findings - debates/arguments Scientific Research b. Research Hypothesis (quanti) - Is particularly undertaken to find an answer prediction about the relationships to a baffling question or come up with a between variables solution c. Statement of the Problem general statement of the problem Inquiry & specific questions - Carried out systematically to bring about new ideas concepts technology and Guidelines for Creating SOP products for practical application - The problem must be Researchable - State the relationship and variable Steps in creating/developing a title/topic - Informative question 1. Brainstorm for ideas - Interrogative or declarative 2. Read Background Information - Problems are formulated first before 3. Focus on your idea conducting the study 4. Make a list of useful keywords - Points to the objective, subject, and 5. Define your topic as a focused research coverage question - Must include all possible components 6. Research and read about your topic EXAMPLES Websites Cyberbullying among High School Students. Govt, Politics, Social Sciences: (The question should not be answered by yes or no) Washington File (if the problem contains a respondent) 1. Profile of the respondent Health/Medicine: How may the respondents be described in terms Healthfinder.gov of: Health & Wellness Resource Center National Library of Medicine a. Age b. Gender Humanities c. Grade Level National Endowment for the Humanities 2. What causes the issue Other sub areas: What are the factors or causes of cyberbullying Scout Report experienced by the respondents? New York Times College Web site 3. Impact What are the effects of cyberbullying on the Common Ways to Limit Topic: self-esteem of high school students? 1. By geographical area 2. By time frame (1. Is profiling if there is a target individual, however, 3. By culture 1. It can change into finding the status quo if 4. By population group experimental. No. 2 is the causes or comparison if 5. By discipline the respondents are classed or more than one ex. Family. Lastly, No. 3 is always the impact, effect) Identifying the Problem and Asking the Question d. Definition of Terms a. Background of the Problem Operational and technical provides information that is definitions important/essential to understand e. Importance of the Study  how the study AGREEABLENESS- empathetic, contributes/benefits affectionate, caring, and cooperative. f. Scope and Limitations of the Study NEUROTICISM- having mood swings, sets boundaries and parameters anxiety, irritability, and sadness. (not bipolar) Guidlines in Formulatng Research Problem and Research Questions HEXACO Personality Inventory formulate a research problem that is The big five personalities, honesty-humility researchable lang dinagdag. clear and concise HONESTY-HUMILITY - sincerity, fairness, state relationships between variables greed-avoidance, and modesty state informative sub-questions express research problem through FIVE AREAS OF PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT interrogative or declarative manner Physiological Development (physical formulate problems first before conducting body) the research - the condition of the body point out the objectives, subject, and Factors that affect it: coverage of the study Lifestyle, human biology, environment, and include all possible components under healthcare services sub-problems Emotional/ Psychological Development - thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, your emotions are the responses that generate biochemical reactions in your body that change your physical state. Social Development SELF -establishing connections and relationships It is the union of our body, thoughts, among people. feelings/emotions, and sensations. It is Cognitive Development the way we perceive and understand our - how people think, explore, and figure own identity and existence. things out. It is the development of knowledge, skills, and PERSONALITY problem-solving. This refers to the consistent pattern of our Spiritual Development thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that - discovering oneself beyond the ego known characterizes how we interact with the as the spirit, soul, or inner essence. It world. allows people to connect with “God or IDENTITY Buddha or Allah”. These are the qualities, roles, and beliefs that define a person’s sense of THOUGHTS, FEELINGS, AND BEHAVIOR self and connection to social or cultural Thoughts- the act of thinking produces groups. thoughts. This is manipulating information A person’s personality is influenced by: when we form concepts, engage in problem-solving, reasoning, and making NATURE- hereditary or genetic make-up decisions. NURTURE- environment Feelings- Perception of events within the body. BIG FIVE PERSONALITY TRAITS Behavior- an organism’s external reaction Developed by Costa and McCrae in 1992 to its environment. OPENNESS- curious and eager to learn COGNITIVE, BEHAVIORAL THERAPY (CBT) new things. Dr. Aaron T. Beck (1960s) CONSCIENTIOUSNESS- organized, A short-term, goal-oriented, mindful of details and deadlines, and psychotherapy that takes a hands-on, goal-directed behaviors. practical approach to problem-solving. EXTRAVERSION- outgoing, sociable, It looks at the interconnectedness of talkative, assertive, and expressive. thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.  Density of fluids Your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors ρ = 𝑚 𝑣 are a cyclical process. Specific gravity ρ𝑠𝑢𝑏 𝑆𝐺 = ρ𝑟𝑒𝑓 Specific weight 9 2 2 ყ = ρ𝑔 𝑘 = 8. 9876 × 10 𝑁𝑚 /𝐶 −12 Surface tension ϵ𝑜 = 8. 8541 × 10 𝐹/𝑚 𝐹 σ = 2𝐿 8 2 4 σ = 5. 6704 × 10 𝑊/𝑚 𝑘 Pressure −1 −1 𝐹 Ideal gas constant= 8. 3144598(𝐽 × 𝑚𝑜𝑙 ×𝑘 𝑃 = 𝐴 23 −1 Avogadro’s constant= 6. 02214076 × 10 𝑚𝑜𝑙 -the pressure increases with depth and Planok’s constant= 6. 62607015 × 10 𝑚 𝑘𝑔/𝑠 34 2 decreases by altitude; 𝑃 = 𝑃𝑜 + ρℎ𝑔 Mechanical Waves and Sounds Units of pressure Speed of Sound -rate at which sound waves travel through a medium. -sound is faster in solids than gases and liquids. 𝑣 = 𝑓λ In fluids; 𝐵 𝑣 = ρ In solids; 𝑌 𝑣 = ρ Absolute Pressure In ideal gas; 𝑃𝑎𝑏𝑠 = 𝑃𝑔 + 𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 ყ𝑅𝑇𝑘 𝑣 = Gauge Pressure 𝑀 In air at sea level 𝑃𝑔 = 𝑃𝑎𝑏𝑠 − 𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 𝑇𝑘 Pascal Principle 𝑣 = 331 273 𝐹1 𝐹2 𝐴1 = 𝐴2 Sound Intensity -power carried by sound waves per unit area Archimedes Principle 𝐼 = 𝑃 ≈ 𝑃 𝐹𝐵 = ρ𝑔𝑣 𝐴 2 4π𝑟 Fluid dynamics As r increases, I decreases; 1 - fluid mechanics that studies the movement of 𝐼∝ 2 liquids and gases 𝑟 Doppler Effect Laminar flow -change in frequency of a sound waves source and - orderly and steamlines observer move relative to each other Transition For stationary observers; Turbulence 𝑉𝑤 - disorderly 𝑓𝑜𝑏𝑠 = 𝑓𝑠( 𝑉 ) 𝑤 ±𝑉𝑠 Reynolds Number For moving observer 𝑅𝐸 = ρ𝑣𝑑 μ 𝑉𝑤±𝑉𝑜𝑏𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑏𝑠 = 𝑓𝑠( 𝑉𝑤 ) Negative = moving away Positive = moving towards Basic Fluid Mechanics Fluids - collection of molecules arranged randomly  - energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only transferred or converted. ∆𝑈 = 𝑄 − 𝑊 Thermodynamics process Flow rate 𝑄 = 𝐴𝑣 Continuity Equation 𝐴1𝑣1 = 𝐴2𝑣2 Bernoulli’s principle Electric Charges, Electric Fields, and Electric 1 2 Flux 𝑃1 + 2 ρ𝑣1 + ρ𝑔ℎ1 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 Electric charges - the same type of charge exists on two Temperature and Heat (until the First Law of interacting objects and is attractive when Thermodynamics only) the charges are of opposite types - does not require physical contact, called Temperature conversion long-range force Source of Electric charge - arises from sub-atomic particles ( protons and electrons) Properties of electric charge 1. Charge is quantized −19 𝑒 = 1. 602 × 10 𝐶 2. The magnitude of the charge is independent of the type −19 𝑒 =+ 1. 602 × 10 𝐶 Zeroth Law of Dynamics −19 𝑒 =− 1. 602 × 10 𝐶 -states that if two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with the third system, they are in thermal 3. Charge is conserved equilibrium with each other - energy can neither be created nor Thermal expansion destroyed, only transferred or converted. -the increase in an object’s size due to an increase 4. Charge is conserved in closed system in temperature. - charge can and does move around, but the - Linear Expansion net charge in your local system in your environment (if close) is conserved ∆𝐿 = α𝐿0(∆𝑇) Charging by induction - Volumetric Expansion - neutral object becomes charged without ∆𝑉 = β𝑉0 (∆𝑇) direct contact, through the influence of a Stefan Boltzmann Law nearby charged object 𝑃 = σ𝑇 4 Charging by conduction 𝐴 - charging an object through direct contact 𝑗 *= σ𝑇4 with another charged object Thermal Radiation Coulomb's Law 𝑝 = 𝑒σ𝐴(𝑇 − 𝑇0 ) 4 4 - the force between two charges is proportional to the product of their charges Stefan Boltzmann constant 5 4 and inversely proportional to the square of 2π 𝑅 σ = 3 2 4 the distance between them. 15ℎ 𝐶 𝑁𝐴 𝐾𝑞1𝑞2 First law of thermodynamics 𝐹 = 2 𝑟  General scalar equation; 𝐸 = 𝑘𝑄 3 𝑞1𝑞2 𝑟 𝐹 = 2 4πε0𝑟 Electric fields - electric force per unit charge Electric flux -the measure of the number of electric field lines passing through a surface. ϕ = 𝐸𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠Θ Gauss’ law 𝑄 ϕ = ε0 Gauss’ Law Infinite Sheet of Charges σ 𝐸 = 2ε0 or 𝐸 = 2π𝑘σ Gauss’ Law Infinite Line of Charges λ λ 𝐸 = 2π𝑟ε0 or 𝐸 = 2𝑘 𝑟 Outside a spherical Shell 𝑘𝑄 𝐸 = 2 𝑟 Inside a Spherical Shell 𝐸 = 0 Outside a Spherical Solid 𝑘𝑄 𝐸 = 2 𝑟 Inside a Spherical Solid