Animal Anatomy MCQs PDF

1. Which plane divides the horse's body into dorsal and ventral parts? A) Median plane B) Sagittal plane C) Transverse plane D) Horizontal plane E) Lateral plane 2. The term "proximal" refers to: A) Farther from the body B) Closer to the head C) Toward the side...

1. Which plane divides the horse's body into dorsal and ventral parts? A) Median plane B) Sagittal plane C) Transverse plane D) Horizontal plane E) Lateral plane 2. The term "proximal" refers to: A) Farther from the body B) Closer to the head C) Toward the side D) Closer to the body E) Toward the tail 3. The plane that divides the body into left and right halves is the: A) Median plane B) Sagittal plane C) Transverse plane D) Horizontal plane E) Lateral plane 4. The term "rostral" refers to: A) Toward the head B) Toward the tail C) Toward the back D) Toward the belly E) Toward the nose 5. The term "distal" refers to:  A) Farther from the body B) Closer to the head C) Toward the side D) Closer to the body E) Toward the tail 6. Which plane is parallel to the median plane? A) Median plane B) Sagittal plane C) Transverse plane D) Horizontal plane E) Lateral plane 7. The term "lateral" refers to: A) Toward the head B) Toward the tail C) Toward the back D) Toward the belly E) Toward the side 8. Which type of bone forms the basis of the limbs, such as the humerus and tibia? a) Flat bones b) Sesamoid bones c) Irregular bones d) Long bones e) Short bones 9. Long bones typically contain which type of tissue inside their spongiosa? a) Muscle tissue b) Nerve tissue  c) Haemopoietic tissue d) Adipose tissue e) Epithelial tissue 10. Which of the following is an example of a flat bone? a) Patella b) Vertebra c) Iliac bone d) Metacarpal bone e) Sphenoid bone 11. Which bones are found embedded in tendons or near joints? a) Long bones b) Flat bones c) Sesamoid bones d) Irregular bones e) Apophyses 12. The sphenoid bone is classified as what type of bone? a) Long bone b) Flat bone c) Sesamoid bone d) Irregular bone e) Short bone 13. Which of the following bones is NOT a long bone? a) Tibia b) Metacarpal c) Scapula d) Humerus e) Femur 14. What is the primary function of sesamoid bones? a) Protecting organs b) Reducing friction in tendons c) Providing blood supply  d) Supporting muscle attachment e) Forming the spinal column 15. The ribs are an example of which type of bone? a) Short bones b) Irregular bones c) Long bones d) Flat bones e) Sesamoid bones 16. What is an apophysis? a) A small, round bone embedded in a tendon b) A flat bone that provides protection c) A bone that forms from an independent ossification center d) A short bone involved in joint stability e) A large, irregular bone of the skull 17. The vertebrae are examples of which type of bone? a) Long bones b) Short bones c) Sesamoid bones d) Flat bones e) Irregular bones 18. The maxilla is a flat bone that surrounds what type of structure? a) Nerve fibers b) Air cavities c) Blood vessels d) Tendons e) Muscles 19. Which of the following bones is a sesamoid bone? a) Patella b) Scapula c) Femur  d) Iliac bone e) Vertebra 20. Which bones are characterized by a latticework of spongiosa filled with haemopoietic tissue? a) Long bones b) Short bones c) Flat bones d) Irregular bones e) Sesamoid bones 21. What type of bone surrounds either spongy bone or air (sinus) and provides protection and surface area for muscle attachment? a) Irregular bones b) Short bones c) Long bones d) Flat bones e) Sesamoid bones 22. Which type of joint is characterized by a joint gap and a cavity filled with synovial fluid? a) Syndesmosis b) Synchondrosis c) Synovial joint d) Symphysis e) Suture 23. What type of union is formed between bones when connective tissue bridges them? a) Synovial joint b) Symphysis c) Synostosis d) Fibrous union e) Synchondrosis 24. Which of the following is an example of a fibrous union? a) Atlantoaxial joint b) Sutures of the skull c) Shoulder joint d) Pelvic symphysis e) Knee joint 25. What term describes the anchoring of teeth roots in the dental alveoli? a) Syndesmosis b) Suture c) Impaction d) Symphysis e) Synchondrosis 26. A fibrocartilage union is also known as a: a) Synchondrosis b) Symphysis c) Synostosis d) Syndesmosis e) Suture 27. Which of the following is an example of a synchondrosis? a) Joint between the radius and ulna in horses b) Pelvic symphysis c) Joint between the base of the skull and the hyoid bone d) Temporomandibular joint e) Femoropatellar joint 28. The ossified union between the radius and ulna in the horse is an example of a: a) Syndesmosis b) Symphysis c) Synostosis d) Synchondrosis e) Suture 29. What is the outer layer of the joint capsule called? a) Synovial membrane b) Periosteum c) Stratum fibrosum d) Cartilage matrix e) Radial zone 30. The synovial fluid in joints primarily serves to: a) Strengthen the joint b) Anchor joint cartilage to bone c) Lubricate the joint and reduce friction d) Absorb nutrients for joint cartilage e) Protect nerves in the joint capsule 31. Free joint bodies, or “joint mice,” are caused by: a) Synovial fluid thickening b) Ossification of synovial villi c) Accumulation of fat tissue in the joint d) Collagen fiber degradation e) Loss of synovial fluid 32. What is the name of the layer that firmly attaches joint cartilage to the underlying bone? a) Radial zone b) Stratum fibrosum c) Calcified zone d) Intermediate zone e) Periosteum 33. Which type of joint involves only two bones, such as the shoulder joint? a) Composite joint b) Simple joint c) Synostosis  d) Amphiarthrosis e) Symphysis 34. What type of joint is the atlantoaxial joint between the first and second cervical vertebrae? a) Hinge joint b) Saddle joint c) Pivot joint d) Ball-and-socket joint e) Condylar joint 35. The femorotibial joint is an example of what type of joint? a) Sledge joint b) Ball-and-socket joint c) Condylar joint d) Gliding joint e) Plane joint 36. In which zone of joint cartilage are collagen fibers tightly woven near the surface? a) Superficial zone b) Radial zone c) Calcified zone d) Intermediate zone e) Subchondral zone 37. Which of the following is an example of a uniaxial joint? a) Saddle joint b) Ellipsoidal joint c) Ball-and-socket joint d) Hinge joint e) Plane joint 38. What type of joint movement is characterized by biaxial motion, as seen in the interphalangeal joints? a) Hinge joint  b) Saddle joint c) Pivot joint d) Ellipsoidal joint e) Spheroidal joint 39. Which joint type involves a concave and convex surface fitting together, such as in the shoulder or hip joint? a) Saddle joint b) Condylar joint c) Hinge joint d) Ball-and-socket joint e) Pivot joint 40. Which zone of joint cartilage absorbs the mechanical forces of compression and tension? a) Superficial zone b) Intermediate zone c) Radial zone d) Calcified zone e) Subchondral zone 41. What is the primary function of the synovial villi in a joint? a) Provide cushioning between bones b) Strengthen the joint capsule c) Increase the surface area of the synovial membrane d) Reduce cartilage friction e) Anchor tendons to bone 42. What type of joint is described by the term “amphiarthrosis”? a) Ball-and-socket joint b) Tight joint with limited movement c) Gliding joint d) Hinge joint e) Saddle joint 43. Which joint is an example of a composite joint involving more than two bones? a) Shoulder joint b) Elbow joint c) Knee joint d) Wrist joint e) Interphalangeal joint 44. What is the function of fibrocartilagenous structures, such as menisci, in joints? a) Prevent ossification of synovial villi b) Provide lubrication to the joint c) Stabilize joints or compensate for incongruent surfaces d) Anchor ligaments to bone e) Enhance joint movement 45. The joint capsule consists of an outer fibrous layer and which inner layer? a) Cartilage layer b) Synovial membrane c) Collagen layer d) Tendon sheath e) Epiphyseal layer 46. What type of joint is characterized by a spheroidal cavity covering more than half of the joint sphere, such as in the aviary hip joint? a) Hinge joint b) Cotyloid joint c) Saddle joint d) Ellipsoidal joint e) Condylar joint 47. Which of the following bones is part of the neurocranium? A) Maxilla B) Parietal bone  C) Mandible D) Incisive bone E) Nasal bone 48. The occipital bone forms part of the: A) Cranium floor B) Mandible C) Nuchal wall D) Facial skeleton E) Hyoid apparatus 49. In which domestic species are the ethmoturbinates arranged in three rows? A) Pig B) Ruminants C) Horse D) Dog E) Cat 50. The jugular foramen is located adjacent to the: A) Tympanic bullae B) Occipital condyles C) Temporal bone D) Paracondylar processes E) Nasal concha 51. What forms the osseous base of the dorsal nasal concha? A) Maxilla B) Endoturbinate II C) Mandible  D) Endoturbinate I E) Presphenoid bone 52. The structure that forms the atlanto-occipital joint is: A) Paracondylar process B) Foramen magnum C) Occipital condyles D) Sphenoid bone E) Zygomatic process 53. Which of the following animals have an ossified orbital ligament? A) Cat B) Dog C) Pig D) Horse E) Ruminants 54. The zygomatic process of the frontal bone in ruminants forms an osseous union with: A) Nasal bone B) Temporal bone C) Parietal bone D) Zygomatic bone E) Maxilla 55. Which of the following bones forms part of the cranial roof? A) Basioccipital B) Frontal bone C) Presphenoid  D) Tympanic part E) Mandible 56. The ethmoid bone contributes to the formation of: A) Facial part of the skull B) Nasal part of the skull C) Both facial and cranial parts D) Mandibular joint E) Thoracic skeleton 57. Which bone articulates with the occipital condyles? A) Atlas B) Axis C) Presphenoid D) Maxilla E) Mandible 58. Which part of the occipital bone forms the lateral border of the foramen magnum? A) Parietal B) Exoccipital C) Sphenoid D) Temporal E) Basioccipital 59. The hypoglossal nerve passes through which anatomical feature? A) Jugular foramen B) Foramen lacerum C) Hypoglossal canal D) Petro-occipital fissure  E) Tympanic bulla 60. Which of the following is a paired bone in the cranium? A) Occipital bone B) Frontal bone C) Basioccipital bone D) Mandible E) Presphenoid bone 61. Which species has the greatest number of ectoturbinates in the ethmoid bone? A) Dog B) Pig C) Horse D) Ruminants E) Cat 62. Which part of the ethmoid bone separates it from the cranial cavity? A) Cribriform plate B) Perpendicular plate C) Ethmoidal labyrinth D) Orbital plate E) Nasal conchae 63. Which animal has a cornual process as part of its frontal bone? A) Horse B) Ruminants C) Carnivores D) Pig E) Cat 64. The temporal line extends caudally as the: A) Zygomatic process B) Orbital ligament C) External sagittal crest D) Cornual process E) Temporal fossa 65. Which part of the sphenoid bone ossifies last in adolescent mammals? A) Presphenoid B) Basisphenoid C) Petrosal part D) Tympanic part E) Supraoccipital bone 66. Which of the following bones is located rostrally to the occipital bone? A) Parietal bone B) Temporal bone C) Presphenoid bone D) Frontal bone E) Nasal bone 67. Which bone forms the ventral nasal concha? A) Ethmoid bone B) Maxilla C) Frontal bone D) Nasal bone E) Mandible 68. In the ox, the parietal bone forms a:  A) Nuchal plane B) Frontal crest C) Temporal plane D) External sagittal crest E) Temporal fossa 69. Which of the following bones is unpaired in the adult mammalian skull? A) Parietal bone B) Sphenoid bone C) Frontal bone D) Mandible E) Temporal bone 70. The dorsal nasal meatus is located between: A) Dorsal nasal concha and nasal cavity roof B) Ventral nasal concha and nasal cavity floor C) Dorsal and ventral nasal conchae D) Ventral nasal concha and maxilla E) Nasal bone and ventral nasal concha 71. Which feature of the occipital bone allows the passage of the spinal cord? A) Foramen magnum B) Jugular foramen C) Hypoglossal canal D) Paracondylar process E) Petro-occipital fissure 72. Which bone forms the roof of the nasal cavity? a) Lacrimal bone b) Maxilla c) Palatine bone d) Nasal bone e) Zygomatic bone 73. Which bone forms part of the lateral walls of the nasal cavity? a) Vomer b) Lacrimal bone c) Mandible d) Frontal bone e) Sphenoid bone 74. The facial crest is especially prominent in which species? a) Dog b) Pig c) Horse d) Cat e) Ox 75. The unpaired vomer bone contributes to which part of the skull? a) Roof of the nasal cavity b) Floor of the nasal cavity c) Lateral wall of the orbit d) Roof of the pharyngeal cavity e) Temporal fossa 76. Which bone articulates with the frontal bone, zygomatic bone, and maxilla in all domestic mammals? a) Nasal bone b) Palatine bone c) Lacrimal bone d) Sphenoid bone e) Incisive bone 77. The zygomatic arch is formed by the union of which two processes? a) Zygomatic process of the maxilla and frontal bone b) Zygomatic process of the temporal bone and temporal process of the zygomatic bone c) Maxillary process and palatine process d) Frontal process of the zygomatic bone and the pterygoid process e) Temporal process of the mandible and zygomatic process of the maxilla 78. In carnivores, which bone forms part of the nasal septum? a) Maxilla b) Incisive bone c) Nasal bone d) Frontal bone e) Lacrimal bone 79. The paired palatine bones form part of which structure? a) Nasal cavity floor b) Roof of the oral cavity c) Lateral walls of the nasal cavity d) Hard palate e) Mandibular ramus 80. Which bone forms the major part of the facial skull? a) Frontal bone b) Lacrimal bone c) Maxilla d) Nasal bone e) Incisive bone 81. Which paired bones form the nasal septum? a) Lacrimal bones b) Maxilla c) Pterygoid bones d) Nasal bones e) Frontal bones 82. The mental foramen is located on which bone? a) Maxilla b) Mandible c) Zygomatic bone d) Lacrimal bone e) Incisive bone 83. In which species is the infraorbital ligament often ossified? a) Dog b) Horse c) Cat d) Ox e) Pig 84. Which process of the zygomatic bone articulates with the frontal bone in ruminants? a) Nasal process b) Temporal process c) Frontal process d) Palatine process e) Alveolar process 85. The nasolacrimal duct originates from a fossa in which bone? a) Zygomatic bone b) Lacrimal bone c) Maxilla d) Mandible e) Sphenoid bone 86. In pigs and ruminants, which bone contains the lacrimal bulla? a) Maxilla b) Lacrimal bone c) Pterygoid bone d) Vomer e) Zygomatic bone 87. Which bone forms the dorsal nasal concha? a) Lacrimal bone b) Nasal bone c) Ethmoid bone d) Maxilla e) Palatine bone 88. The body of the incisive bone is divided into how many processes? a) Two b) Three c) Four d) Five e) Six 89. Which of the following is not a part of the maxilla? a) Alveolar process b) Zygomatic process c) Palatine process d) Frontal process e) Mandibular process 90. The vomer extends from which region into the nasal cavity? a) Maxillary sinus b) Nasal crest c) Choanal region d) Infraorbital canal e) Mandibular ramus 91. Which bone is responsible for supporting the teeth in the lower jaw? a) Maxilla b) Mandible c) Incisive bone d) Zygomatic bone e) Palatine bone 92. In which species does the frontal process of the zygomatic bone fail to extend towards the frontal bone? a) Horse b) Pig c) Ox d) Dog e) Cat 93. Which bone forms the free hook-shaped process known as the pterygoid hamulus? a) Maxilla b) Pterygoid bone c) Lacrimal bone d) Zygomatic bone e) Vomer 94. Which species lacks upper incisor teeth, resulting in no alveoli for these teeth in the incisive bone? a) Dog b) Pig c) Horse d) Ox e) Cat 95. Which bones are involved in the formation of the hard palate? a) Lacrimal and maxilla b) Palatine and incisive bones c) Nasal and vomer d) Zygomatic and maxilla e) Mandible and pterygoid bones 96. Which of the following is a paired bone? a) Vomer b) Mandible c) Maxilla d) Ethmoid e) Nasal septum 97. What structure does the ethmoid bone separate? a) Nasal and oral cavities b) Pharyngeal and oral cavities c) Nasal and cranial cavities d) Orbital and nasal cavities e) Mandible and maxilla 98. Which process of the maxilla accommodates the palatine sinus in ruminants? a) Alveolar process b) Zygomatic process c) Pterygopalatine process d) Palatine process e) Frontal process 99. What is the significance of the mandibular foramen in veterinary practice? a) Site for tooth extraction b) Location for jaw dislocation c) Landmark for perineural anesthesia d) Opening for the facial nerve e) Entry for blood supply to the jaw 100. Which bone is associated with the infraorbital foramen? a) Maxilla b) Mandible c) Incisive bone d) Lacrimal bone e) Zygomatic bone 101. The facial tubercle is found in which species? a) Horse b) Dog c) Cat d) Ox e) Pig