Anatomical Planes and Bone Types

Podcast Beta

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which plane divides the horse's body into dorsal and ventral parts?

Sagittal plane

Lateral plane

Transverse plane

Median plane

Horizontal plane (correct)

The term 'proximal' refers to:

Toward the side

Farther from the body

Toward the tail

Closer to the body (correct)

Closer to the head

The plane that divides the body into left and right halves is the:

Lateral plane

Horizontal plane

Sagittal plane

Median plane (correct)

Transverse plane

The term 'rostral' refers to:

Toward the nose Signup and view all the answers

The term 'distal' refers to:

Farther from the body Signup and view all the answers

Which plane is parallel to the median plane?

Sagittal plane Signup and view all the answers

The term 'lateral' refers to:

Toward the side Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone forms the basis of the limbs, such as the humerus and tibia?

Long bones Signup and view all the answers

Long bones typically contain which type of tissue inside their spongiosa?

Haemopoietic tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a flat bone?

Iliac bone Signup and view all the answers

Which bones are found embedded in tendons or near joints?

Sesamoid bones Signup and view all the answers

The sphenoid bone is classified as what type of bone?

Irregular bone Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bones is NOT a long bone?

Scapula Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of sesamoid bones?

Reducing friction in tendons Signup and view all the answers

The ribs are an example of which type of bone?

Flat bones Signup and view all the answers

What is an apophysis?

A bone that forms from an independent ossification center Signup and view all the answers

The vertebrae are examples of which type of bone?

Irregular bones Signup and view all the answers

The maxilla is a flat bone that surrounds what type of structure?

Air cavities Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bones is a sesamoid bone?

Patella Signup and view all the answers

Which bones are characterized by a latticework of spongiosa filled with haemopoietic tissue?

Short bones Signup and view all the answers

What type of bone surrounds either spongy bone or air (sinus) and provides protection and surface area for muscle attachment?

Flat bones Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint is characterized by a joint gap and a cavity filled with synovial fluid?

Synovial joint Signup and view all the answers

What type of union is formed between bones when connective tissue bridges them?

Fibrous union Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a fibrous union?

Sutures of the skull Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the anchoring of teeth roots in the dental alveoli?

Impaction Signup and view all the answers

A fibrocartilage union is also known as a:

Symphysis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a synchondrosis?

Joint between the base of the skull and the hyoid bone Signup and view all the answers

The ossified union between the radius and ulna in the horse is an example of a:

Synostosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the outer layer of the joint capsule called?

Stratum fibrosum Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Anatomical Planes and Directions

Median Plane: Divides the body into equal left and right halves.
Sagittal Plane: Parallel to the median plane, dividing the body into unequal left and right parts.
Transverse Plane: Divides the body into cranial (head) and caudal (tail) parts.
Horizontal Plane: Divides the body into dorsal (back) and ventral (belly) parts.
Proximal: Closer to the body or origin of a structure.
Distal: Farther from the body or origin of a structure.
Rostral: Toward the nose or head (only used for the head).
Lateral: Toward the side of the body.

Bone Types

Long Bones: Form the basis of limbs (e.g., humerus, tibia). Contain spongy bone (spongiosa) filled with hemopoietic tissue.
Short Bones: Found in areas requiring strength and limited movement (e.g., carpal bones).
Flat Bones: Provide protection and surface area for muscle attachment (e.g., ribs, skull bones). May contain spongy bone or air cavities (sinuses).
Irregular Bones: Complex shapes with varied functions (e.g., vertebrae, facial bones).
Sesamoid Bones: Embedded in tendons or near joints, reducing friction and enhancing leverage (e.g., patella).
Apophyses: Bone protrusions that develop from independent ossification centers, providing attachments for muscles and ligaments.

Joint Types

Synovial Joint: Characterized by a joint gap filled with synovial fluid, allowing for free movement. Examples include shoulder and knee joints.
Fibrous Union (Syndesmosis): Bones united by fibrous connective tissue, providing limited movement. Examples include the joint between the radius and ulna in horses.
Cartilaginous Union (Synchondrosis): Bones united by hyaline cartilage, allowing limited movement. Examples include the joint between the base of the skull and the hyoid bone.
Cartilaginous Union (Symphysis): Bones united by fibrocartilage, allowing slight movement. Examples include the pelvic symphysis.
Bony Union (Synostosis): Bones fused together, forming a rigid union. Example: The ossified union between the radius and ulna in horses.
Suture: A type of fibrous joint found only in the skull, where interlocking bone edges are connected by a thin layer of connective tissue.
Impaction: The anchoring of teeth roots in the dental alveoli.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge on anatomical planes and various types of bones in the human body. This quiz covers essential terms and definitions that are crucial for understanding human anatomy. Perfect for students in health sciences or anyone interested in biology.