BIO502 Human Gross Anatomy: Cardiopulmonary Lecture Notes PDF

Welcome to BIO502: Human Gross Anatomy Erin Marie S. Williams-Hatala, Ph.D Department of Biology [email protected] Erin Marie S. Williams-Hatala, Ph.D Department of Biology [email protected] Lecture goals Lectur...

Welcome to BIO502: Human Gross Anatomy Erin Marie S. Williams-Hatala, Ph.D Department of Biology [email protected] Erin Marie S. Williams-Hatala, Ph.D Department of Biology [email protected] Lecture goals Lecture goals Upper & lower respiratory systems Review the lungs Support & protective structures Components Innervation Briefly discuss the part of the mediastinum Loading… Review the pericardium Components Innervation & blood supply Begin reviewing the heart Orientation & surfaces Process of oxygenating the blood Chambers of the heart & the great vessels Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The respiratory system · gas exchange + breathing · Oxygen Molecules A starts of has to a before we nose · humility can use it (purifying O2) 1) blood pressure 2) blood chemistry sand 3) produces ·alveoli in the lungs Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The respiratory system Upper respiratory tract Nose & nasal cavity Paranasal sinuses Pharynx Upper respiratory tract Lower respiratory tract Lower respiratory tract Larynx Trachea Loading… Bronchi & divisions Lungs Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The respiratory system Nasal cavity Air Oral cavity Food Phargax Pharynx & Air passage: Larynx Esophagus 1. Enter through external nares 2. Passes between conchae, through meatuses Trachea esophagus 3. Passes through pharynx into larynx Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The respiratory system Morphology - speeds up morement of molecules -comed in Mucosa packed full of capillaries Conchae - molecules -heating up Oxygen · mucous membrane (traps pathogens - Rose is designed to purify · epithelial tissue passagerays · (covered in respiratory mucosa Meatuses Nose + A connected by pharynx nasal cavity Nasal cavity Nasopharynx Oropharynx Oral cavity Oral cavity Laryngopharynx (Larynx) (Larynx) (Trachea) (Trachea) Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The lower respiratory system: The larynx Upper boundary of the larynx and division of common carotid artery into internal and external carotid arteries ~CIV I common carotid a 24 ~ CVI Made · up a series cartilage of Origin of trachae between and traches larynx parynx = · Starts@ level of C4 · 16 -> frasitions into trachea · laryna endse Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The lower respiratory system: The larynx 3 unpaired cartilage Epiglottis to posterin largnx Thyroid & adans apple Cricoid inferior Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The lower respiratory system: The larynx · mobileflap it Epiglottis Epiglottis Laryngeal inlet Thyroid Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The lower respiratory system: The larynx OMoleculae b Layrnx ↓ Pharynx Loading… Pharynx Trachea Esophagus Esophagus The lower respiratory system: The larynx · epiglottisa trachea opening Problem: Food · air into trachea- Open communication passage epiglott is stays open between food and air Hyoid passageways Air passage - Epiglottis Glottis opening Glottis Glottis Solution: During swallowing, epiglottis swings down, closing off entrance to glottis ↳ Food directed down esophagus Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The lower respiratory system: The trachea Nasal cavity Air Oral cavity Food Pharynx & Air passage: Larynx Esophagus 1. Enter through external nares 2. Passes between conchae, through meatuses Trachea 3. Passes through pharynx into larynx ((4 - (6) 4. Passes through larynx into trachea via glottis Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The lower respiratory system: The larynx Upper boundary of the larynx and division of common carotid artery into internal and external carotid arteries ~CIV ~ CVI Origin of trachea Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The lower respiratory system: The trachea Hyaline cartilage ring · smooth musch c-shaped rings ↳ opened falily posteriorly in between ( ~CVI · shape there (6) is smooth muscle Trachealis muscle (+ 4/5) ~TV Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The lower respiratory system: The trachea @T4/TS Ascending aorta: Termination Origin: superior aspect of left ventricle Termination: upper border of 2nd right sternocostal joint (~ sternal angle) Arch of the aorta: Origin: upper border of 2nd right sternocostal joint (~ sternal angle) Termination: lower border of 4th thoracic vertebra (~ sternal angle) Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Thorax & Abdomen The lower respiratory system: The trachea Hyaline cartilage ring - · opened posterial y Trachealis muscle · c-shaped let Rings Trachea na Esophagus Treached space Trachea Trachealis muscle Esophagus Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The lower respiratory system: The trachea Hyaline cartilage ring Mucosa ~CVI Submucosa Trachealis muscle Mucosa: Deep to submucosa Double layered lining: ~TV · Deep layer of pseudostratified columnar epithelia ⑧ Superficial layer of areolar connective tissue · Filter & warm air Submucosa · Areolar connective tissue Contains mucous glands Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary & Filter and humidify air The lower respiratory system: The trachea - Cilia Each type composed of a cells single cell shape Stem cells a moving pathogens of the body ↓ Columnar cells MOVE it along out respiratry System Mucous cells tucked in between Pseudostratified columner cells Multi layered Dominated by a single cell shape Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The lower respiratory system: The main (primary) bronchi &T4/TS Shorter Structure: · · Wider · Straighter Division of trachea R. main L. main Occurs at ~ TIV/TV bronchus bronchus Right main bronchus v. left: Straighter Foreign objects become Wider lodged within * easier to get into Right bronchus Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The lower respiratory system: The main (primary) bronchi R. main L. main bronchus bronchus Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The lower respiratory system: The main (primary) bronchi hyaline a Rig Main bronchus Hyaline cartilage plates ↓ we as go down they get smaller and thinner Structure: Division of trachea R. main L. main Occurs at ~TIV/TV bronchus bronchus Right main bronchus v. left: Straighter Foreign objects become Wider lodged within Hyaline cartilage plates Continuing into bronchi: & · Mucosa ⑧ Submucosa ⑧ Pseudostratified ciliated columnar Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 epithelium Cardiopulmonary The lower respiratory system: The bronchial tree * don't need to memorize eachget lobar bronchus [ R. lobar L. lobar (3) Lobes 12 es Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The lower respiratory system: The lung & independent functional unit of the luy Bronchopulmonary segments of right lung (10 total, 1 per segmental bronchi) Bronchopulmonary segments of left lung (~9 total, 1 per segmental bronchi) Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The lower respiratory system: The bronchial tree Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The lower respiratory system: The bronchial tree Lung tissue Segmental bronchus (tertiary) Lung tissue hyaline cartilage Segmental bronchus (tertiary) Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The lower respiratory system: The bronchial tree Alveoli (Lung Alveoli tissue) · No more plates · epithelial tissue becomes more simple Respiratory bronchiole Lung tissue Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The lower respiratory system: The lung Alveoli · cuboidal or squamous epithelial cells > where · simple squamous -> exchange occurs gab Bareas a concentration toa concentration of empty air sals Lung tissue Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The lower respiratory system: The lung: oxygen exchange Deoxygenated blood from pulmonary arteriole alvedi Loading… Oxygenated Japilyso blood to ①simple squamous pulmonary Capillary network covering an epithelial alveolus venule Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The lower respiratory system: The lungs Arteries = Away Veins Back to : Heart Left pulmonary artery * carrying deoxygenaten Blod Right pulmonary arteries Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The lower respiratory system: The lungs Left pulmonary veins Right pulmonary veins carryinga Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The lower respiratory system: The lungs Right lung Left lung Apex sitting on top of the diaphrag Base Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The lower respiratory system: The lungs Right lung Left lung Costal surface Mediastinal surfaces Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The lower respiratory system: The lungs Right lung Left lung Anterior Anterior & border posterior borders: division between costal surface & medial surface Ronded- Posterior border Inferior border: division between costal surface & Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 base of lung Cardiopulmonary The lower respiratory system: The right lung Superior lobe Oblique fissure Horizontal Middle & fissure lobe Rilung : ConyonSh Inferior created lobe · lobes - fissures by · Rolling Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The lower respiratory system: The left lung *Left Lung Superior lobe Oblique fissure Jony fissure 1 Inferior lobe Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The lower respiratory system: Adjacent structures Esophagus (+ heart) sit in between both lings Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The lower respiratory system: Adjacent structures to right lung Superior vena cava Right Inferior vena cava subclavian Azygos vein artery & vein Right subclavian artery & vein Superior vena cava Azygos vein Sachiocephale Brachiocephalic trunk as Inferior vena cava Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The lower respiratory system: Adjacent structures to left lung Left subclavian artery & vein Arch of the aorta Arch of the aorta Thoracic aorta Left subclavian artery & vein Cavity for the heart Thoracic aorta Lingual of Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 lung Cardiopulmonary The lungs Root & hilumD Right lung Left lung cori[ ↓ made ofViseala Hilums of Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 the lungs Cardiopulmonary The lungs Root & hilum Right lung Main * deoxysuaked bronchus blood from Heart to lings Pulmonary arteries R = longer the left Right side: divides within root A pulmonary. Left side: divides within lung Pulmonary artery Superior & inferior a beo divides pulmonary Right veins pulmonary artery the & luy Doxygenated blood to the O heart Pulmonary trunk Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The lungs Root & hilum Sympathetic trunks Bronchial arteries * blood supply to lungs Anterior pulmonary Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 plexus Cardiopulmonary The lungs Innervation of the lungs General visceral efferent send General visceral THEN : back impulses afferent impulses Parasympathetic Sympathetic (Vagus, CN X) (Sympathetic fibers are from: fibers are from: BOTH trunks) Reflexive visceral S (Vagus, CN X) (T1- T4/T5) afferents Nociceptive visceral Bown into afferents abdomen (pain receptors) Anterior & Anterior & a Recurrent Kryngeal posterior posterior Nerve pulmonary pulmonary (Branch of Vagus) plexuses plexuses Sympathetic impulses: bronchiole dilation Efferents to pulmonary vessels Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The lungs Innervation of the lungs Vagus (CN Comes off vagus T1-T4 or T5 X) in thorax, Vagus (CN X) T1-T4 or T5 contributes its own fibers Sympathetic Cardiac branches of & Recurrent Cardiac Upper thoracic ganglia of T1- laryngeal branches of OR cervical T4/T5 vagus (CN X) nerve vagus (CN X) ganglia Sympathetic Cardiac plexus Cardiac Sympathetic cardiac nerves ganglia Vagus travels out of skull plexus cardiac nerves out of jugular foramen, travels on neck, through ganglia Anterior ramus, Anterior thorax, hop on cardiac branches of vagus once it Hop onto chain, go enters gets into , synapse on ganglion at own level at cardiac plexus cardiac plexus ganglia, after synapse, takes plexus up, and goes to upper thoracic or fibers to anterior cardiac cervical ganglia, Posterior anterior plexus then after synapse, ramus, takes cardiac Synapse, nerves, contribute take sympathetic cardiac plexus to posterior cardiac plexus. cardiac nerves, and go to anterior cardiac plexus Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The lungs Innervation of the lungs Right vagus Left vagus (CN X) (CN X) Lt recurrent Rt recurrent laryngeal laryngeal Lt common carotid artery 1st part of subclavian 1st part of subclavian Braciocephalic trunk Left side, wraps around arch of aorta, Travels behind root of the lung Right side, it passes behind root of the lung and travel on esophagus Jugular Forman, both sides, travels next to common carotid artery and internal jugular vein, bundled up in carotid sheath, thoracic Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 inlet, travel anterior to subclavian artery Cardiopulmonary The lungs Innervation of the lungs Right vagus (CN X) Right phrenic Root of right nerve lung More enterio to Vargus Right vagus (CN X) Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The lungs Innervation of the lungs Anterio to phrenic * Left phrenic Left vagus nerve (CN X) Root of right Dwraps around artic arch lung Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The lungs Innervation of the lungs Cardiac branches from the cervical & Right recurrent sympathetic trunk laryngeal nerve ganglia Right vagus Left vagus nerve nerve Left recurrent Vagus gives off recurrent laryngeal, immediately laryngeal nerve goes back up and goes to the larynx, it is contribution hugs trachea · to posterior cardiac plexus Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The lungs Innervation of the lungs POSTERIOR VIEW!!! Right vagus Left vagus nerve nerve * Right recurrent laryngeal nerve wraps around brachio cephalic trunk Left recurrent laryngeal nerve Right vagus wrapsaroundenorta nerve Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The lungs Innervation of the lungs Morphology+ function · · understand epiglottis , C-shaped rings blarger Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The pleural cavities Left pleural Right pleural cavity cavity Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary Pleural cavities & lining 1st rib o travel above 1 Rip Costal margin · sit on diaphragm Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary Pleural cavities & lining · inhale = lunys expand Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary Pleural cavities & lining · plema-bigger than the lungs Parietal pleura Parietal pleura: outer layer adheres to thoracic walls Costal part: Associated with ribs & intercostal spaces Diaphragmatic part: Associated with diaphragm Mediastinal part: Associated with mediastinum Pleural Cervical part: cavities (& Associated with cervical vertebrae lungs) Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary Pleural cavities & lining Suprapleural membrane Superior support: Suprapleural membrane: · Medial margin of 1st rib · Transverse process of C VII (cm) ⑧ Fibers of scalene muscles for ↳ makes it easier luys to expand and contract Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary Pleural cavities & lining Root of the lung: ~ TV – TVII hilum of lung Site of reflection of visceral pleura onto parietal pleura Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary Pleural cavities & lining Costomedialstinal recess * areas where the lungs to expand Costodiaphragmatic recess Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum Mediastinum * in between cavities 2 plural Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum Contents mediastinum Heart Esophagus Trachea Thymus glands Thoracic duct Major nerves & arteries Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum Divisions Superior T IV mediastinum TV (T4 TS) middlentinen - Inferior mediastinum Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum Divisions Posterior mediastinum T IV TV Anterior mediastinum Inferior Middle mediastinum mediastinum · heart · great vessels o paricardial Sa Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum Divisions Middle mediastinum Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum Pericardium Pericardial sac = Fibrous pericardium Serous + Fibrous pericardium pericardium serous pericardium a most superficial - Robust Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum Pericardium Superior & inferior Central sternopericardial tendon ligament Xiphoid pericardial ligament Fibrous pericardium: b connected Outer layer to diaphrary Held in place by: und Sternum Superior sternopericardial ligament · anchored Inferior sternopericardial ligament to diaphang Central tendon of diaphragm - xiphoid Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Xiphoid pericardial ligament Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum Pericardium Visceral Parietal pericardium pericardium (deep surface) (directly to heart) Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum Pericardium fluid * Serons Fibrous pericardium Parietal pericardium Visceral pericardium Pericardial sac = Q Fibrous pericardium + Serous ⑳ Parietal pericardium pericardium + Human ③ CardiopulmonaryVisceral pericardium Gross Anatomy, BIO502 The mediastinum Pericardium Serous fluid - Serous fluid · eliminate friction · in between layers Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 of pericodium Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum Pericardium Phrenic nerve C3 Right and left phrenic nerves C4 ⑧ Anterior rami of C3, C4, C5 C5 · Supplies fibrous pericardium Somatic afferent fibers from parietal pericardium Atria C3 – C5 Ventricle anterio to Phrenic A Scalen. - nerves attach to pericordia ↓ Pericardium diaphragm Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum Pericardium Right vagus Left vagus nerve (CN X) nerve (CN X) C3 – C5 Q ② ③ Vagus (CN X) Phrenic Sympathetic nerves trunks Motor Motor Pericardium ⑭errated res Sympathetic trunk Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum Pericardium Internal thoracic artery Musculophrenic artery Internal thoracic artery, divides at level of , travels along costal margin Inferior phrenic artery Comes off abdominal aorta, deep surface of diaphragm Abdominal aorta Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum Pericardium Internal thoracic Inferior phrenic arteries Abdominal aorta Musculophrenic Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart blood - receive Left atrium (posterior) Left ventricle Right atrium Right ventricle pump blood out ! Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum 2/3 sit left The heart on apex o th Rib Left atrium (posterior) Left ventricle Right atrium (right side) & Right ventricle Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, coronary sulcus Diaphragmatic Anterior surface & base surface Coronary sulcus & Vessels ru in sulcus RA A separates atria from ventrichs Apex Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, anterior & posterior interventricular sulci Diaphragmatic Anterior surface & base surface separates * lest and Anterior · separates s rightick interventricular Apex Posterior /1 ventricles important ! interventricular sulcus > - main vessels - Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 sulcus - run in here Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, coronary arteries Ascending aorta Left coronary artery pulling pullingblor Right 5 supply O tissues & coronary from of the artery heart : run in coronary sukus Anterior Circumflex interventricular branch of left branch of left coronary artery coronary artery Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, coronary arteries Aortic valve Right supplies: Right atrium Right ventricle Left coronary Anding a arte artery arteries & & coronary are 1st vessels the New to get blood ① located in the Right coronary interventricular artery septum short quicking & very + divides Left supplies: Most of left atrium Left ventricle Most of interventricular septum & Including the atrioventricular bundleD Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, coronary arteries in the anterior & posterior interventricular sulci Diaphragmatic Anterior surface & base surface Posterior interventricular branch of the right coronary artery O Anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery in runliving · the interventricular sulcus O e RCA.. ① Widow maker ② Anterior Apex Posterior (From Prey Right interventricular interventricular sulcus Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 sulcus Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, coronary arteries in the anterior & posterior interventricular sulci Diaphragmatic Anterior surface & base surface Posterior interventricular branch of the right coronary artery Anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery Great cardiac vein originates@f apex > - travels with anteric vatricular branch travels in sulcus ↓ doxygudes tocringa Middle Anterior Apex Posterior cardiac vein interventricular deposit into Sinus interventricular sulcus Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 sulcus Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, coronary veins Great cardiac vein Coronary sinus · located in sulcus coronary Middle cardiac Small cardiac vein vein right side - of heart > Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary Coronary simces The mediastinum The heart, coronary sulcus Diaphragmatic Anterior A all traveling into Coronary Sulcus surface & base surface Circumflex branch of the left coronary artery Coronary sulcus Coronary Small sinus cardiac vein Apex Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, coronary sulcus Diaphragmatic Anterior surface & base surface Circumflex branch of Right the left coronary artery coronary artery Coronary sulcus Coronary Small sinus cardiac vein Apex Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, oxygenation process Superior vena cava carrying deoxygenated blood into Superior Vena Cara · Azygos : gues Right atrium Loading… Body * Coronary sinus heart droing Inferior vena cava carrying deoxygenated blood Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary Right ventricle will contract with greater force, goes into pulmonary trunk, then to pulmonary arteries Pulmonary arteries= deoxygenated blood Alveoli surface - gas exchange: passive process Blood is now oxygenated and goes back through pulmonary veins PASSIVELY Left atrium contacts Left ventricle contracts and goes through ascending aorta, arch of aorta and Right atrium- deoxygenated blood: small chamber — has pectinate muscles, they grow out of the crustal terminalis, sinus venal is the more posterior and atrium proper is the hole The dividing line- crista terminalis = thickening of the wall along the atrium The mediastinum The heart, oxygenation process Superior vena cava carrying deoxygenated blood Right atrium Right ventricle Inferior vena cava carrying deoxygenated blood Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, oxygenation process Superior vena cava carrying deoxygenated blood Pulmonary arteries, deoxygenated blood Pul mo na ry tru nk Right atrium Lungs Right ventricle Inferior vena cava carrying deoxygenated blood Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, oxygenation process Superior vena cava carrying deoxygenated blood Pulmonary arteries, deoxygenated blood Left atrium Right atrium Lungs Right ventricle Pulmonary veins carrying oxygenated blood Inferior vena cava carrying deoxygenated blood Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, oxygenation process Superior vena cava carrying deoxygenated blood Pulmonary arteries, deoxygenated blood Left atrium Right Lef atrium t Lungs ve ntr Right icle ventricle Pulmonary veins carrying oxygenated blood Inferior vena cava carrying deoxygenated blood Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, oxygenation process Superior vena cava carrying deoxygenated blood Arch of the aorta Pulmonary arteries, deoxygenated blood Right Lef atrium t ve Body Lungs ntr Right icle ventricle Pulmonary veins carrying oxygenated blood Inferior vena cava carrying deoxygenated blood Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, right atrium Right atrium- deoxygenated blood: small chamber — has pectinate muscles, they grow out of the crustal terminalis, sinus venal is the more Right auricle posterior and atrium proper is the hole The dividing line- crista terminalis = thickening of the wall along the atrium Pectinate muscles Crista terminalis: division between parts of right atrium Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, right atrium Deoxygenated blood returns here Opening for superior vena cava Right auricle Pectinate muscles Crista terminalis Opening & valve for inferior vena Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 cava Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, right atrium Opening for superior vena cava Right auricle Pectinate muscles Crista terminalis Opening & valve for inferior vena Valve and opening cava of the coronary Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary sinus The mediastinum The heart, right atrium Right auricle Fossa ovalis Interatrial Depression in intra atrial walls septum Allows blood to pass between atria - in utero, it is a formen, when we are born, the fossa closes up Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, right ventricle Right atrial ventricular orifice in right atia , a lot more muscles Tribuculae carneae Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, right ventricle Tricuspid Right valve atrioventricle Closes off orifice the orifice Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, right ventricle Septal cusp Tricuspid Right valve atrioventricle anterior posterior , orifice & , septal cusp Anterior cusp Posterior cusp Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, right ventricle ① Morphology Chordae tendineae Tricuspid valve Each cusp is attached to chordate tendinea, these are then attached to papillary muscles - these are outgrowths of tradeculae cardinea- these are muscles of the heart that are located in ventricles 8 Chordae tendineae Papillary muscles Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, right ventricle Chordae tendineae & papillary muscles: Tricuspid valve closed by: Function to prevent prolapse of tricuspid valve into atrium during ↑ Increased blood pressure ventricular contraction within right ventricle Contraction of papillary *Ventricles contract muscles which pull on the cups, which prevent prolapse Chordae tendineae Orifice is closed off when right ventricle contracts and will go up into pulmonary trunk Tricuspid valve Chordae tendineae Papillary muscles Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, right ventricle Large trabecular cortinae Moderator band Septomarginal trabecula: houses the right bundle branch Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, right ventricle Pulmonary Semilunar valves valve Infundibulum Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, right ventricle Semilunar cusps: Open: during ventricular contraction Closed: after contraction Semilunar cusps of the pulmonary valve Leads into Pulmonary trunk, prevents blood from flowing back into right ventricle Blood is pushes up into pulmonary trunk - passes the semilunar valve first Blood that falls back down Closed after contraction, and what causes it to close is the blood that falls back down, which fills the semilunqr vdalves to close Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, pulmonary trunk & arteries Left pulmonary artery Pulmonary trunk Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, right pulmonary artery receives 3 branches * longer than left Superior lobe Right pulmonary Left pulmonary artery artery Middle lobe (1) Inferior ↑ Pulmonary lobe trunk Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, left pulmonary artery Deoxygenated blood to the lungs, oxygenated at alveolar surface Left pulmonary artery Superior lobe Inferior lobe Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, pulmonary veins Returning back from the veins Superior lobe Inferior lobe Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, pulmonary veins Superior pulmonary veins Deposit newly blood to the left atrium Inferior pulmonary veins Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, left atrium Pectinate muscles Left atrium Left ventricle Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, left ventricle Left atrioventricular orifice Orifice between the chambers Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, left ventricle Anterior cusp NO SEPTAL CUSP Mitral valve Posterior cusp Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, left ventricle Chordae tendineae & papillary muscles: Function to prevent prolapse of bicuspid valve into atrium during ventricular contraction Anterior cusp Causes orifice to close and contraction of papillary… which then prevent prolapse Chordae Left ventricle has to tendineae pump blood all the way to the rest of the body MUCH BIGGER JOB Trabeculae carneae & Walls much Papillary thicker muscles Bicuspid valve closed by: Posterior outgrowths Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary of choday tendinat cusp ↑ Increased blood pressure within left ventricle The mediastinum The heart, aortic valve Semilunar cusps of the aortic valve Aortic vestibule: outflow tract · Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, aortic valve Origins of the right & left coronary arteries Semilunar cusps of the aortic valve Aortic vestibule: outflow tract Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, aortic valve Origins of the right & left coronary Know what closes the arteries orifice and what keeps them close Drawing their blood from their ascending AORTA Semilunar cusps of the aortic valve Aortic vestibule: outflow tract Regurgitation due to gravity, fills semilunar valves — causes to close Semilunar cusps: Open: during ventricular contraction Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Closed: after contraction Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, ascending aorta & arch of the aorta Ascending Arch of the aorta aorta Thoracic/ descending aorta Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, ascending aorta & arch of the aorta Ascending aorta: Origin: superior aspect of left ventricle @ lower border of 3rd left costal cartilage Termination: upper border of 2nd right sternocostal joint (~ sternal angle) Termination Origin Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum * Ascending aorta: The heart, ascending aorta & arch of the aorta know the Origin: superior aspect of left * origins and what is the ventricle @ lower border of 3rd same , etc. left costal cartilage Termination: upper border of 2nd example know mediastinum : right sternocostal joint · (~ sternal angle) Termination of ascending aorta Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, ascending aorta & arch of the aorta Ascending aorta: Origin: superior aspect of left ventricle @ lower border of 3rd left costal cartilage Termination: upper border of 2nd right sternocostal joint (~ sternal angle) Origin Arch of the aorta: -artic Origin: upper border of 2nd right Arch G sternocostal joint Terminating (~ sternal angle) for Asending Termination: lower border of 4th Arta thoracic vertebra (~ sternal angle) Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, ascending aorta & arch of the aorta Ascending aorta: Origin: superior aspect of left ventricle @ lower border of 3rd left costal cartilage Termination Termination: upper border of 2nd right sternocostal joint (~ sternal angle) Arch of the aorta: Origin: upper border of 2nd right sternocostal joint (~ sternal angle) Termination: lower border of 4th thoracic vertebra (~ sternal angle) Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, ascending aorta & arch of the aorta ① Ascending aorta: Dreview Origin: superior aspect of left ventricle @ lower border of 3rd left costal cartilage O T III Termination: upper border of 2nd T IV Origin right sternocostal joint (~ sternal angle) Arch of the aorta: ↳8 Origin: upper border of 2nd right sternocostal joint (~ sternal angle) Termination: lower border of 4th thoracic vertebra T XII (~ sternal angle) LI Thoracic aorta: Origin: lower border of 4th Termination thoracic vertebra (~ sternal angle) Termination: inferior margin of posterior mediastinum Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, cardiac skeleton ① allow hertumaintanis Fibrous ring of ① the pulmonary ② Fibrous ring valve of the aortic valve ⑪ Fibrous ring of left atrioventricular ③ Fibrous ring of right orifice atrioventricular orifice to · lups attach nuse rings Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, cardiac skeleton Fibrous ring of the pulmonary Fibrous ring valve of the aortic valve Fibrous ring of left atrioventricular Fibrous ring of right orifice atrioventricular orifice Left fibrous Right fibrous trigone trigone & separating between different orifices Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary -Cardicadniasignatembers The mediastinum The heart, cardiac skeleton Fibrous ring of the pulmonary valve Fibrous ring of left atrioventricular Fibrous ring of right orifice atrioventricular orifice Left fibrous Right fibrous trigone trigone Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, cardiac conduction system Right Left chambers chambers Atrioventricular bundle Sinu-atrial node Atrioventricular Right bundle Left bundle node branch branch Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, cardiac conduction system start of conduction· * Sino-atrial Sinu-atrial node Located in superior end of crista node terminalis -> between atrium proper (pectinate muscles grow) Induces atrial contraction Transmits impulse to atrioventricular node Sinu-atrial node Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, cardiac conduction system Sino-atrial Atrioventricula node r node Atrioventricular node Located in interatrial septum Delays impulse ~40 MS A for 40 milliseconds & Delays signal - cause atrial contratio - NEED atria to finish cutracting before verticals O Atrioventricular node Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, cardiac conduction system Sino-atrial Atrioventricula Atrioventricula node r node r bundle Atrioventricular bundle Transmits impulse to apex of heart via bundle branches Right bundle Left bundle branch branch Right bundle branch Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, cardiac conduction system Sino-atrial Atrioventricula Atrioventricula node r node r bundle Purkinje fibers Transmits impulse throughout ventricles Right bundle Left bundle branch branch Ventricular Contractic Purkinje fibers Purkinje fibers Purkinje fibers * start& apex + wrap around wall of ventricles - Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, cardiac conduction system 1 Signals (yellow) from SA node spread through atria. SA node (pacemaker) ECG Sinoatrial node (SA node): Located in to walls of the right atrium Sends conduction signal to BOTH atria Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, cardiac conduction system 1 Signals (yellow) 2 Signals are from SA node delayed 40ms ! spread at AV node. through atria. SA node AV (pacemaker) node ECG Atrioventricular node (AV node): Located in to walls of the right ventricle S-L-O-W-S the signal down so atria can begin & finish contracting before ventricles start Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, cardiac conduction system 1 Signals (yellow) 2 Signals are 3 Bundle from SA node delayed branches spread at AV node. pass signals through atria. to heart apex. SA node AV Bundle (pacemaker) node branches Heart apex ECG After delay, signal travel to apex via right & left bundle branches Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, cardiac conduction system 1 Signals (yellow) 2 Signals are 3 Bundle 4 Signals from SA node delayed branches spread spread at AV node. pass signals throughout through atria. to heart apex. ventricles. SA node AV Bundle Purkinje (pacemaker) node branches Heart fibers apex ECG * Signal spreads throughout ventricles Causing ventricular contraction (deoxygenated) blood pumped to lungs (oxygenated) blood pumped to body Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, cardiac conduction system * know each Know the anatomy, know the impulse, know the type of blood, where is it going, where is it coming from, understand the muscles phast Cardiac cycle: complete sequence of emptying & Ex: signal is in the SA node, where is the blood at this point filling of the chambers Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The mediastinum The heart, cardiac conduction system oknow the state of values + what keeps them open/closed Phase 1: diastole (relaxation) AV valves open Semilunar valves closed Deoxygenated blood is flowing into right atrium, since the —- blood is not flowing through semilunar valve, the AV valves are open In a state of relaxation state of relaxation Human Gross Anatomy, BIO502 Cardiopulmonary The cardiac conduction cycle 2 Atrial systole and ventricular diastole 1 Atrial and ventricular diastole