Henry II, Common Law, and Magna Carta PDF

Henry II of England, the Common Law, and Magna Carta What do you know about the Magna Carta? Henry II, the Common Law System and Magna Carta 1. Warm-up Question 2. Learning Objective: SWBAT understand the causes and effects of the rule of Henry II and Common Law 3. Essential Question: How did Com...

Henry II of England, the Common Law, and Magna Carta What do you know about the Magna Carta? Henry II, the Common Law System and Magna Carta 1. Warm-up Question 2. Learning Objective: SWBAT understand the causes and effects of the rule of Henry II and Common Law 3. Essential Question: How did Common Law in England evolve out of the prior legal system? 4. Academic Vocabulary and definitions a. Discuss Common Law and Magna Carta b. Homework; Please read the attached reading on Medieval Women 5. Exit Ticket Henry I of England (1100-1135) - His daughter Matilda (1102-1167) she was to inherit the throne of England Matilda was a widow - Matilda’s brother died in 1120 - His death made Matilda the sole legitimate heir to Henry I (a woman) In 1127, Henry I commanded his nobles to accept her as his successor. - They said they would…” - In 1128, Matilda married Geoffrey of Anjou (France) But instead, the Barons of england placed Stephen of Blois on the throne of England - Civil War from 1135-1154; Stephen of Blois and King Henry II (1154-1189) - Henry II won and ascended the throne in 1154 - 20 years of civil war left the land in a lawless state; Law needed to be restored - Common Law (secular) and Canon law (church law) He created a unified court system in the country, to centralize the law and ending local control that often used arbitrary judgements - A jury system of citizens sworn on oath to investigate criminal cases - A land of Laws, not men… He centralized government authority, removed power from local lords. - Created a highly organized administrative system throughout England - The use of writs, contracts, increased money for the royal treasury Eleanor of Aquitaine 1122-1204 - The wife of 2 kings (Henry II and Louis VII of France) - Mother to 2 Kings, (Richard I (the Lionheart), 1189-1199) and John (1199-1215) Queen Eleanor was a central figure in Southern France where diverse cultures brought together courtly literature Marie de France Chrétien de Troyes (the father of courtly or chivalric literature) Common Law in England and in Constitutional law in the United States rely on judicial precedent, or case law. - It is used to determine what the law is or should be. Judicial decisions lean toward tradition and adjust to evolving social and popular values. Common Law (through precedent, what preceded it) When King John was king (1199-1215) he violated common law - It is a period of unrest in which Magna Carta was created When Henry I became king in 1100, he gave more power to his barons, to maintain the peace and secure his throne. - The Coronation Charter of Henry I influenced the negotiations of the Magna Carta The Magna Carta was created at Runnymede in 1215 where King John adopted it, and it was written up by the barons. - The Magna Carta was also built on precedent, from Henry I, and the Common Law system The Magna Carta could be considered legislation that provided a written, ‘official’ declaration of many rights and procedures that had not previously been clearly defined. - It established many customary principles even as it updated them to fit the needs of the moment. England’s first distinct legislative institution emerged only with the establishment of Parliament under Edward I (1272-1307)