Medieval & Modern History Notes PDF

Medieval & Modern History By Abhishek Suman Sir Greek word – Historia  ILL book Historica Herodotus   Father of History Sources–...

Medieval & Modern History By Abhishek Suman Sir Greek word – Historia  ILL book Historica Herodotus   Father of History Sources– 1. Archaeological sources (Fossils, monuments, inscriptions, coins, statues) W 2. Literary sources Religious (Rigveda, Samveda, etc) Non-religious (Panchtantra, Patanjali etc.) 3. Description of foreigner travellers ER Venna – oldest instrument of India Tambura – Arabi oldest instrument RE CA By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW  Father of Indian Archeology – Alexander Cunningham (1856)– 1. Indian Museum – Kolkata 2. National Museum – Delhi 3. Salanjhar Museum – Hyderabad Proto-historic period (Bronze Age) 1. Indus Valley civilization (2500BC – 1750BC) ILL 2. Vedic Civilisation (1500BC – 600BC) W Mohd. Bin Kasim – Aurangazeb – (712 – 1707) ER Aryavart – first name of India (due to invasion of Aryans) [Vedic Civilisation (1500BC – 600BC) from central Asia)] RE MEDIEVAL INDIA Islam – Pillars of Ismlan Believe in Qalna CA 5 times Namaz Ramzan Roza Haj Zakat (1/40th part) Qafir – who unfollows Islam. The one who kills Qafir will be know as Ghazi. Founder of Islam – Hazrat Mohammad, born in 570AD in Macca. 610 AD he got enlightenment in Heera Cave 622 AD he shifted from Mecca to Madina. By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW   Hizri Samvat (Hindu Calender) 57BC Sak Samvat (Calender by Indian Govt.) 632 AD he died ILL W son Hussain Ali  Mesopotamia – old: Name of Iraq (capital Baghdad) Sunni Terrorist Organisation ER IS – Iraq & Syria Al Shabab – Kenya Boko Haram – Nigeria Taliban – Afghanistan Jihad - /keZ ;q) Sufi Community – Neutral comm: (follows only on i.e. Allah) RE Arabian Invasion in India– Mohammad Bin Qasin – (712-714) ruler Al Hajjaj's Commander was Qasim (Arab ruler) Arab  He was first Muslim who invoted India. He attacked on Sindh & defeated the Hindu ruler Dahir. CA First Muslim who apply tax in India known as Jaziya (tax paid by Non-Muslim. 1/2 –1/3 of income) except widow, handicaped, Brahmans. He issued golden coins in India known as Dirhan coins – (currency of UAE) He brought Arabian horses in India. They also brought an Arabic word – Monsoon. They also are drawn Atlas. They translated our 2 books in Arabic– (1) Charak samhita (Medicine) By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW  (2) Panchtantra (most famous book is Bible & second is Parchatantra) (3) Kalilawadimna in Arabic) Turkish Invasion in India Mehmood Ghaznavi (1000 – 1027): Central Asia Ghazni (Afghanistan) Ghazni dynasty (Yamini Dynasty) S' Slave Founder Alaptagin  S' Son ILL  was Subuktigin (998 died)  Mehmood Ghazanavi (998 – ruler) Sindh Peshawar Jaipal (Brahim Dynasty) 1000 – 1027 Ghaznavi invaded 17 times in India. 1st attack – 1000 AD is Peshawar on the ruler Jaipal. W In 1001 AD he defeated Jaipal. In 1001 AD he defeated Jaipal. Powerful attack – Somnath Mandir is Gujrat. 1006 AD – attacked on Nagarket Mandir is H.P. 1008 AD – he defeated Anandpal (son of Jaipal) ER 1011-1012 AD – he attacked Mathura & Ujjain 1014 AD attacked (destroyed the statue of Chakraswami (Lord Krishna) on Sthaneshwar Temple in Haryana 1025 AD – attacked on Somnath Temple is Gujrat. 16th attack RE Ruler of Gujrat Bhim I (Constructed this temple by stones) Chalukya dynasty) 1027 AD – Last attack on Jaat Community. 1030 AD – he died. He was first Muslim in India who took the title of Sultan and Ghazi. Writers– CA Al Beruni Kitab-ul-hind/ Tehqiq-e-Hind. (1014 A.D inters in India) Firdausi Shah Nama Utabi Chachnama (Persian language) Vehaqi Tariq-e-subuktgin By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW  Mohammad Ghori (1175 – 1206)  Sansbani Turkish Ghazni Gaur dynasty 1st (1175) Attack in Multan in Multan on Karmathi Muslims. 1178 – Ghori attacked on Gujrat (ruler Bhim II/ Moolraj II) ILL 1178 – Moolraj II defeated Ghori in Mount Abu. 1179 – Ghori conqured sindh and Kashmir. W ER 1191 – First Battle of Tarain (Ghori Lost & Prithviraj Won) RE CA 1192 – Second Battle of Tarain Ghori defeated Prithviraj Chauhan & killed him from then Muslim rule was started. 1193 – he made Delhi as his capital. 1193 – he made Delhi as him capital. In 1192 – Khwaja Moinuddin Chisti came to India and made it his cottage at Ajmer and promoted Sufi Rule. By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW  1194 – Mohd. Chori attacked Jaichand in Battle of Chandawar. Ghori defeated Jaichand & killed him A slave and son-in-low of Mohd. Gauri 2. Qutubbudin Aibak Another Slave – 2. Yaldauj 3. Kubacha ILL 4. Bakhtiyar Khilji Taxila university – oldest university (presently in Pakistan) W Mohd. Ghori appointed Aibak as his commander Chief He (Qutubbudin Aibak) built 2 mosque– 1. Quvatul Islam mosque in Delhi (first mosque) 2. Adhai din ka Jhopra in Ajmer ER Teacher of Qutubbudin Aibak – Qutubbudin Bakhtiyar Kaki He started construction of Qutub Minar in 1199 in the name of his teacher (kaki) It was completed in 1225 by Iltutamish. Yaldauj – Ghazni Kubacha – Kabul & Kandhar Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526) RE Slave Dynasty (1206–1210) Qutubbuddin Aibak (1206–1210)  Founder of slave dynasty Capital – Lahore CA After becoming the ruler he donated lakhs of ruppes in his region. That’s why citizens of Lahore gave him the title of 'Lakh Baksh'. Aibak means 'God of Moon'. The only ruler who never sat on the throne as king. He appointed his slave Iltatamish, the governor of Badayu. He died while playing polo in 1210. His tomb is in Lahore. In 1210 Aramshah (son of Qutubbudin Aibak) (Only for 6 months) By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW  In 1211 Iltutamish killed Aramshah and became the next ruler of Slave dynasty. 2. Iltutanish (1211–1236) First sultan of India, because he got the title from Khalifa. Last Sultan – Ibrahim Lodhi 1215 – Yaldauj attacked ltutamish known as third Battle (Yaldauj / Iltutamish) of Tarrain. ILL Iltutamish defeated Yaldauj. 1221 – Invasion of Genghis (actual name Thmuchin from Mongolia) He issued silver (Silver tanka) and cropper (Jital) coins He started the system of Trukan-e-Chahalgani or Dal Chalisa (group of 40 nobles) He also started Ikta (Province) ystem. Iktedari system Tax from Iktedars. W In 1229 – He completed the constructed of Qutub Minar & Shifted his capital from Lahore to Delhi. He declared his successor to his daughter Razia & he died in 1236. Tomb – Delhi (Qutub Minar Primises) ER 1236 – Ruknuddin firozabad sat on the throne but Razia opposes…………………… Razia Sultan (1236 – 1240) First and last female of Delhi who was a ruler. RE Yakut Khan – Lover of Razia  Known as Amir-e-Aakhoor. 1240 – Revolt of Altuniya  CA (Altuniya v/s Razia of Yakut) (Yakut was killed by Altuniya & Altuniya kidnapped Razia Sultan. After she got married to Altuniya facefully. They retured to Delhi to attack Bahram Shah. When Razia was takins rest at Kaithal, they were attacked by 40 nobles (Sent by Behram Shah) of dal Chalisa, they attacked Razia & Altuniya and killed them). In 1240 – Dal Chalisa killed Razia Sultan & Altuniya in Kaithal. Tomb – Kaithal, Haryana 4. Bahram Shah (1240 – 1242) By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW  In 1241, Second attack of Mongolites was happened his period. He was killed by Iltutanishs son Masood Shah. 5. Masood Shah (1242 – 1246) He was killed by his brother Nasiruddin Mehnood. ILL 6. Nasiruddin Mehmood (1246 – 1265) He appointed his wazir (PM) to Balban and gave him the title of ulugh Khan. 7. Ghiyasuddin Balban (1265 – 1287) After becoming the Sultan Balban abolished Dal chalisa. Balban started the policy of Iron and Blood in W Policy of Iron & Blood in Germany – Bismark Bismark of India – Sardar Vallabhai Patel He also started the system of Sajda and Paibas Balban also started a new festival named Navroz (Persion New year) (on 21 March). ER Hindu New year – 28 March Nawroz was prohibited by Aurangzeb Aurangzeb prohibited the policy of Iron and Blood. In 1287 third attack of Mongolites happened. In that attack Balban's son shahzada Mohommad was killed. In 1287, he was died in the depression of the death of his son. RE Tomb of Balban and his son is in Mehrauli, Delhi Qaiqabad (1287 – 1290) He was grandson of Balban and son of Shehzada Mohammad. Malik firoz killed Qaiqabad and made Qaimurse (cousin of Qaiqubad) as sultan. Qaimurse (1290) CA In 1290, Qaimurse was dethrowned by Malik (Governor of Qaiqubad) Firoz and he founded Khilji is Delhi. He was the last ruler of Slave Dynasty. Khilji Dynasty (1290 – 1320) 1. Jalaluddin Firoz Khilji (1290 – 1296) Acutal name was Malik Firoz In 1293, Jalaluddin Khilji attacked on Devgiri on the ruler Ram Chandra Dev That was first muslim attack on South. By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW  He was killed by his nephew and son-in-law Allauddin Khilji (actual name – Ali Gurshaspa) Iktedar Kora (Kaushambi, U.P.) Allauddin khilji  In 1296, fourth attack of Mongols happaned. Jalauddin sent Allauddin to his mission. Allauddin defeated Mongolites in that attack. ILL W ER Mughal empire also known as Taimuri Empire In 1296, Jalaluddin was killed by Allauddin khilji, who became the next Sultan of Delhi. RE Jalauddin Khilji (1296 – 1316) In Jodhpur inscription of Sanskrat, he has been compared to God. He was first sultan who had a standing army in delhi sultanate. He also started paying salaries to his army. Amir Khusre was the famous poet in his court. CA  Born in Patiali, Kasgnaj, U.P died in Delhi. He also known as Parrot of India Sitar and Tabla was invented by him. Tambura– Qawali – Amir Khusro Khadi Boli – Amir Khusro He said Kashmir Paradise of Earth Khajjiar, H.P. – Mini Switzerland of India By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW  Kausani, U.K – Switzerland of India ace. of Gandhi He wrote Khansa-e-khusro He started his carrier as poet in the rule of Balban. From Balban to Mohd.-bin-Tughlaq. Title to Allauddin Sultan-e-Jahan Teacher of Amir Khsro – Hazrat Nizamuddin Aaliya ILL In 1298, Allauddin went (slave) Malik Kafur (Commander-in-chief) Hazar Dinari (Allauddin bought him is 1000 diner from Gujrat) to his Gujrat mission In 1303, Chittor Mission Novel Padmavat Written by Malik Mohd. Jayasi in (1540-1545) is the rule of Sher Shah Suri In 1306, Allauddin started his South India Mission. He sent Malik Kafur to this mission. W Telangana Kakatiya Dynasty (Capital Varangal) In 1308, Malik Kafur attacked on Telangana on the ruler Pratap Rudra Dev. Malik Kafur got Kohinoor diamond (Golconda mines, Hyderabad) from pratap Rudra dev. ER After expanding his empire to South India, Allauddin Khilji look the title of Sikandar- e-Sani (Alexander II) Sultan-e-Jahan – title by Amir Khusro. After he applied Jaziya (Tax paid by non-Muslim) and Zaqat (tax paid by Muslims). He also applied following taxes. 1. House tax (Gharai) RE 2. Agriculture tax 3. Irrigation tax 4. Animals feeding tax (charai) He formed a tax dept. to control corruption Diwan-e-Moosat kharaj. He also started Masohat system (A system to measure the lands) CA He was first Sultan who fixed the prices of commodities in his markets. He also started Huliya-Dagh system (Sher Shah Suri adopted this system). He made built following Monuments in Delhi– 1. Alai Minar 2. Alai Darwaza 3. Siri Fort 4. Hauz Khas In 1316 he died & his tomb is in Qutub Minar complex, Delhi. By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW  3. Mubarak Shah Khilji (1316 – 1320) Son of Allauddin Khilji Only Sultan of Delhi who declared himself as Khalifa. Governor Ghazi Malik (Punjab) Killed Mubarak Shah Khilji In 1320, Ghazi Malik dethroned him & formed Tughlaq dynasty. Tughlaq Dynasty (1320 – 1414) Longest period ILL 1. Giyazuddin Tughlaq (1310–1325) He formed a city named Tughlaqabad in Delhi. He was first sultan who built canals for irrigation In 1323, he sent his son Jauna Khan to Telangana Mission. He added Telangana is Tughlaq empire of changed its name into Sultanpur. Telangana 2 June 2014 B.N. Krishna Committee. W Hazrat (Title – Mehboob-e-Ilahi) Nizamuddin Aaliya was a famous Sufi Saint in Delhi contemporary to Giyasuddin Tughlaq. 1325 Revolt of Bugara Khan Bengal 1325, Giyasuddin was killed in his wooden palace ER Tughlaqabad his tomb is in Tughlaqabad. killed by Jauna Khan and HNZM. Mohammad-bin-Tughlaq (1325-1351) Son of Giyauddin Tughlaq and also named as Jauna Khan. He was a mad ruler of India or Insane ruler of India. He was a great scholar of Arabian & persian language. RE In his ruling period in 1333, a famous african traveller from Morocco, Ibn-e-Batuta came to his court. He appointed his as his Qazi. He wrote a famous book named Rehala. CA He has the biggest paid army in Delhi Sultanate. This book has the description of b/w India & Morocco. He was first Sultan who tried to prohibited Sati system By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW  ILL Firoz Shah Tughlaq banned Sati system but was again this line Sati System was started and prohibited by Aurangzeb. In India, Sati system was prohibited by Lord William Bentinck and awareness was created by Raja Ram Mohan Roy. Maxi. Revolts was happened in the ruling period of W MBT 27 revolts in South India   34revolts 7 revolts in North India  5th Attack of Mongolites happened is his ruling period. Decisions taken by him – (failed) 1. He shifted his capital from Delhi to Devgiri/Daulatabad ER 2. Failure of Khurason Mission (As Uzbekistan already captured khurason) – (is Afghanistan) 3. Increase is tax in doab (drought condition) (Diwan-e-Kohi) 4. RE 5. Failure of Karachit Mission – (Mountain part of UK Uttrakhand) CA In 1351, during a revolt in Sindh, MBT was died. Firoz Shah Tughlaq (1351–1388) He was also known as Akbar of Sultanate period. He founded six cities in his ruling period. 1. Hissar (Feroza) 2. Fatehabad (in the name of his son – fateh khan) 3. Firozpur 4. Firoz Shah kotle By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW  5. Firozabad (Glass city of India) 6. Jaunpur (Shiraj-e-hind of East in India) (big brother – Jauna Khan He built no. of canals for irrigation. He built a canal is Sirsa and he planted 1200 gardens there. He shifted Ashoka's Topra (at first in Ambala) pillar and Meerut Pillar to Delhi. He destroyed Jagannath temple and located Jwalamukhi temple. ILL After that he applied Jajiya on Brahmins as well. In 1369 he reconstructed the fourth & fifth story of Qutub Minar. He founded a dept to give economic help to citizens, called as Diwan-e-khairat also a hospital named Dar-ul-shifa First Sultan to prohibited Sati System. In 1388 he died last Sultan of Tughlaq dynasty Nasiruddin mohammed (1394 – W 1414) 1388 – 1394 5 Sultans were sottel on thrown but win …………………… 1398 – Invasion of Taimur (Samarkand, Turkey) In 1414 Nasiruddin Mehmood was destroyed by Khijre khan (ea=h of Nasiruddin), who founded first Shia dynasty of India. ER Sayyed Dynasty (1414 – 1451) Founder 1 – Khijra khan (1414 – 1421) After Qutubuddin Aibak, he was the only ruler of Delhi Sultanate who did not took the title of Sultan. Mubarak Shah (1421 – 1434) RE Wazir – Bahlol (Title – Khan-e-Khana) Afghani Mohammad Shah (1434 – 1445) He declared Bahlol as his son. Allauddin Alam Shah (1445 – 1451) In 1451, Alam Shah surrendered his throne to Bahlol and he founded first Afghani CA dynasty of India, Lodhi dynasty. Lodhi Dynasty (1451 – 1526) Bahlol Lodhi (1451-1489) Founder of Dnyasty After becoming the sultan he issued Bahloli coins in his names He attacked on Jaunpur and added a into Lodhi dynasty He was succeeded by his son, Sikandar Lodhi. Tomb-Delhi By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW  Sikandar Lodhi (1489–1517) Greatest Lodhi sultan of Lodhi dynasty 17th May 1498, Vasco De Gana (Europe) centered in India. In 1504, Sikandar lodhi formed Agra near Yamuna River. As Sikandarabad. He built Badalgarh fort in Agra. In 1506, he shifted his capital from Delhi to Agra ILL He was a poet and his pen name was Gulrukhi. He wrote a famous book on Ayurveda Farhange Sikandari He started a measurement unit, Ghaz-e-sikandari or Sikandari Ghaz 1. Sikandari Ghaz = 30 inches. He also renovated Qutub Minar. He was succeeded by his son and the last sultan of Delhi Sultnate. W 3. Ibrahim Lodhi (1517-1526) Last ruler of Lodhi dynasty. In 1517, Battle of Khatauli b/w Sangram Singh Mewar Rana Sanga and Ibrahim Lodhi. ER In this battle Rana Sanga defeated Ibrahim Lodhi. Uncles – Daulat Khan Lodhi (Punjab) & Alam Khan Lodhi (Delhi) 1519 (first attack of Babur) – in Bajaur (Sindh) on Bharagarh fort brought cannons and explosive. 1520 – 1521 3 attacks is Sindh & Kashmir Daulat khan Lodhi invited Babur to attack on Ibrahim Lodhi. RE 21st April 1526 – First Battle (Ibrahim Lodhi vs Babur) of Panipat Babur killed Ibrahim Lodhi & founded Mughal Empire dynasty. He was only sultan was killed is the battle field. CA Babur (1526 – 1530) Babur on 14th Feb 1483 in Fargana, Turkey Father – Umar Sheikh Mirza – (Taimur) Mother – Qutubh Minar Baigh – (Ghenghir) In 1494 at the age of 11 yrs, he became the ruler of Fargana after the death of his father) By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW  In 1494 – 1502 ruled in Sainarkand, Turkey. In 1502 Battle of Sar-e-Pul (Babur vs Shaibani Khan) won (only battle which Babur lost) Shaibani khan defeated Babur. In 1504, he conquered Kabul and Kandhar. In 1507, Babur took the title of Badshah in Kabul. ILL In 1519, first attak @ Bajaur. He used Tulgena trick in his first battle, and the cannons were arranged in Usmans art form. Ustad Ali & Mustafa Khan handled the cannons of Babur. 31 April 1526 First battle of Panipat Babur (won)v/s Ibrahim Lodhi (lost) He built gardens & 1 mosque, kabadi Bagh & Kabali Mosque. W He issued new silver coins in Kabul (Shahrukh coins) & Kandhar (Babari) He distributed coins to citizens of Kabul, because of they gave him title of Qalander. First capital of Mughal dynasty – Agra ER RE After winning the battle he got the title of Ghaji 1528 – Battle of Chanderi CA He killed Medini Rai 1527-28, Babri Mosque was built @ Ayodhya, by Mir Baqi (gay Partner of Babur) Farid (Afghani) Real name Sher Shah Suri Battle of Ghaghra – 1529 By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW  1530 @ 37 yrs, Babur died. Tomb-Kabul ILL kj Humayun (1530 – 1540, 1555 – 1556) Humayun was born in 1508 in Kabul. Enemies of Humayun W ER Mehmood Lodhi – Bengal Sher Khan – Bihar Bahadur Shah – Gujrat Firsh attacked on kalinjar fort in 1531. At that time ruler of Kalinjar was pratap Rudra Dev. In 1531 battle of Dohariya RE Sher khan undertook Bengal and became ruler of Bihar & Bengal & started living in Chauragarh fort. CA In 1532, Humayun attacked on Chauragah. Because of this Bahadur shah started sending his force to help Sher khan. In 1533, Humayun defeated Bahadur Shah In 1538, Humayun did his second attack on Chaunagarh In 1539, Battle of Chausa By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW  After winning the battle of chausa Sher khan took the title of Shershah. The boat man who saves the life of Humayun named Nizam was gifted to becamse one days Sultan. In 1540, Battle of Bilgram or Kannauj ILL Sher khan defeated Humayun & formed suri dynasty in India. (Second Afghani dynasty) In 1541, Humayun got married to Hamide Bano Begum After that Humayun went king virsal of Amarket in Rajasthan In 1542, Akbar born in Amarket (Rajasthan) W Humanyun went to Guru Angad Dev (Second Guru of Sikhs) to take his blessings Gurumuki Script was discovered by Guru Angad Dev. In 1545, he killed his brother Kamran & conqured Kabul & kandhar. Humayun net Behram khan & became his commander is Chief. ER In 1554, he conquered Peshawar then in 1555 he conquered Lahore. In 1555 – Battle of Macchiwada. RE After defeating sikandar suri, Humayun establish Mughal dynasty once again. In 1556, he fact from stairs of his own librarian & died in Delhi Deenpanah. Humayun's tomb is Delhi, built by his wife Haji Begun (completed by Akbar) Humayunama written by Gulbadan Begum (his son) Suri Dynasty (1540 – 1555) Founder – Sher Shah Suri CA Born – 1486 in Hoshiyarpur, Punjab Childhood name – farid Father's name – Hasan khan (landlord of Jaunpur) Education – primary education from Jaunpur By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW  After completing his education farid became the bodyyan of Bahar khan Lohani. Bahar Khan Lohani gave him title of Sher khan (because he killed & saved Bahar life). After death of Bahar khan, Sher khan married of Bahar khan & he became the ruler of Suri dynasty. he is known as the biggest administrator of Indian history during his ruling period ILL he build a road named Sher Shah Suri marg. (from Sonagram (Bengal) to Peshawar). GT road at present from Amritsar Kolkata Silver coins Rupaya. Copper coins Daan Rupaiya India W Pakistan Nepal Sri Lanka Mauritius Indonesia ER Maldives Scheshwer He started coastal services is his ruling period. He also adopted Huliya Daag system. In his ruling period Malik Moh. Jayasi wrote novel Padmavat. RE In 1545, during kalinjar mission he died while using ukka weapon. Tomb of Sher Shah Suri – Sasaram, Bihar. He was succeeded by 3 rulers– 1. Islam Shah Suri 2. Adil Shah Suri (Diwan – Hema) CA 3. Sikandar Suri Lost Hindu ruler of Delhi – Hemu (Hem Chandra) 3. Akbar (1556 – 1605) Birth – 15 Oct. 1542, Amarkot (Raj) Name – Badruddin After death of Humayun, Hemu attacked on Delhi & conquered the throne of Mughals. He took the tile of Vikramaditya By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW  He became the ruler by the Name Hemchandra Vikramaditya. At the age of 13 yrs, Akbar became king of Mughal dynasty and named Jalaluddin Mohammad (by help of Behram Shah Khan). Chandragupta II (Ist Vikramaditya) Hemu (Last i.e. XIV Vikramaditya) 5 Nov 1556, second Battle of Panipat ILL From 1556 – 1560, Akbar ruled in the guardians of Behram Khan. In 1560, Battle of Tilwada, W Abdul Rahim Khan-e-Kahan (son of Behram Khan) was joined to in Navratnas by Akbar. ER Maham Anga Daai Maa of Akbar 1560 – 1562   Curtain rule of Petiket Govt. 1561 1st attack on Baj Bahadur (ruler of Malwa) 1561 Married to Harka Bai Marriyam-Uz-Zamani (Daughter of king Bharmal of RE Amer) In 1562, he prohibited Slavery. In 1563, he prohibited Sati System. In 1564, he removed Jaziya & Pilgrimage Tax. After all these prohibition, the people of his reign gave him the title of Akbar. CA Akbar was the follower of Sheikh Salim Chisty (In Fatehpur Sikri) In 1569, Akbari son was born & named him Salim In 1572, Akbar went to his Gujrat mission & added Gujrat to Mughal dynasty. Gujrat Sea Portugease In 1573, he built Buland Darwaza is Fatehpur Sikri. Ibdadkhana Panch Mahal (Dream of Stones) Mariyam Mahal By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW  Tomb of Salim Chishti He shifted his capital from Agra to Fatehpur Sikri In 1576, Battle of Haldighati 3. ILL In 1577, Akbar gifted 500 bhiga land to him from Guru Ram Das (4th Guru of Sikh) on that land Guru Das founded Amritsar City. In 1582, Akbar founded a new religion named Din-e- Birbal (Mahesh Das real name) was the only Hindu who adopted thir religion. W In 1583, Akbar started Ilahi coins (Ram Sita type Ilahi Samvat) Ilahi Ghag = 31 He named Prayag to Allahabad. Again shifted capital to Agra. 3 fort  ER  Agra's fort Lahore's fort Allahabad;s fort His ruling period is known as Golden Era of Literature. Persian became the official language of India during his present. RE 1833 – English 26 Jan, 1965 – Hindi In 1598, Akbar's son Salim did revolt against him and he declared himself at independent ruler of Allahabad. In 1602, Abul Fazal died by Salim, By this Akbar declared his successor to Salimis son (Khusro). CA In 1599, John Mildenahal first Britisher arrived in India In Akbar's court – Ralph finch British crown – Elizabeth Ist 31 Dec 1600 East India company. In 1605 – Akbar died because of Dynasty. Tomb – Agra's Sikandarabad The only ruler who was buried & burnt. Biography Ain-e-Akbari by Abul Fazal Akbaranama. By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW  9 Gems of Akbar– 1. Birbal or Mahesh Das 2. Tansen or Ram Tanu Pandey 3. Man Singh 4. Tadar Mal 5. Abul Fazal ILL 6. Abul Rahim Kahn-e-Khana 7. Faizi 8. Mulla Do Pyaza 9. Fakir Aziuddin Chandragupta II first rule who kept 9 gems is his court. 4. Jahangir (1605 – 1627) W Jahangir was born in 1569 in Fatehpur Sikri Childhood Name – Salim Main instructor – Abdul Rahim khan-e-khana In 1585, Salim want married to Man Bai who was daughter of Bhagwan Das. ER In 1585, Salim want married to Man Bai who was daughter of Bhagwan Das. In 1588, Salim got married to Jagat Gosai/ Jodha who was daughter of Uday Singh of Malwad. In 1592, Salim's second son was born his name was Khurram (Shahjahan) in Lahore. In 1611, Salim wanted to marry Merunnisa RE husband Ali Quli Begh (Sher Afghan) Mehurunnisa  Noor Jahan He gave her the tile of  to Mehrunnisa. She was the biggest administrator of Mughal Emperor. Noor Jahan's father was Gyas Begh (Itmaduddaula) Tomb in Agra, built by Noor Jahan. Noor Jahan's mother was Asmat Begum. CA She invented coloures from rose Petals. Man Bai killed herself because she get imitated from Jahangiri bad habit. (Consumption of Alcohol). In 1606, Revolt of Khusro. In this revolt V Guru of Sikhs helps khusro his name was Guru Arjun Dev. Jahangir killed Guru Arjun Dev and made his own son Khusro, blind In 1589, Guru Arjun Dev built Golden Temple. Guru Arujun Dev written Guru Granth Sahib. By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW  In 1608, capitain William Hawkins come to Mughals Darbar. He was representative of east India company. Jahangir Ruling Period– Title – Captain Khan 1st factory – 1613, Surat 2nd factory – Musalipattaram ILL 1615 – Sir Thomas Rae (king James 1)  2nd British came to Jahangir's Court. Jahangir was famous for his Ordinance – 12th ordinance (Ain-e-Jahangir) He gave Chain of Justice. 2 Imp Ordiance – Prohibition of Tobacco Hindu & kafir can play jua during Diwali & Dusshera. W In 1617, Jahangir send his son Khurram to Anmed Nagar Mission. Khurram added Ahmed Nagar into Mughal Emperor Jahangir gave him title of Shahjahan. Jahangir period is known as Golden Era of painting In Mughals, painting started from Humayun ER Jahangir's most famous painter – Ustad Mansur khan. In 1627, Jahangir died in Lahore Tomb – Shahdara (Lahore) Autobiography – Tujuk-e-Jahangiri In 1627, Dwar ("Bali ka Bakra)" Baksh (Moor Jahan made him king) of Indian RE history. Shahjahan killed him & became next Mughal Emperor 5. Shahjahan (1627 – 1658) Born – Lahore (1592) Childhood Name – Khurram CA Shahjana's Period – Golden Era of Architecture In 1612, he married to Arjumand Bano (Mumtaj Mahal Shikeh) Begum By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW  ILL In 1631, Mumtaj Mahal died, during the birth of 14th son (Murad Baksh) 1631  1653 TajMahal W White Marbal exported from – Makrana, Rajasthan (Chief Architect) Designed by Ustad Ahmed Lahori Chief constructor – Ustad Isa Art – Pitra Dewa a persion out) Taj mahal was copied from difference monuments of old Mughal Emperor. ER In India, white marble – 1st used in Humayun ka Makbara. In India, pitra Dewa art – 1st used in – Tomb of Itmaduddaula. In 1636, Shahjahan went to his Daccan Mission. Durting this mission Shahjahan get Kohinoor Diamond from Mix Zumla. In 1638, the shifted his capital to Delhi. RE In 1638 – A town on the bank of Yamuna River- Shahjanabad Now – Old Delhi (Delhi-6, from Kashmiri gate to Delhi Gate) In 1638 – 1648 – CA Indian's biggest Mosque– Jama Masjid Delhi Gate Ajmeri Gate Kashmiri Gate Lahori Gate World's biggest Mosque– Al Haram (Mecca) By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW  Al Madina (Madina) Sheikh Zayed Mosque (Abu Delhi) 1657 – Shahjahan declared Dara Singh as next Mughal Emperor. Batter of Successorship– 1. Battle of Bahadurpur – 1658 Shah Shuja Lost vs Royal Army of Mughal won (Jai Singh, Suleman Sheikh) ILL 2. Battle of Dharmat (M.P) – 1658 Jaswant (king of Jodhpur) Kasim khan Royal Army of Mughal Lost vs Aurangzeb, Murad Baksh Won Note– W Unmeed Bhawan Palace King ummeed of Jodhpur – Heritage Hotel of India (Most expensive Hotel) 3. Battle of Samugarh – 1658 Auganzeb, Mubarak Baksh won vs Dara Shiekh Lost In 1658, Aurangzeb declared himself as king and killed Murad Baksh. (1st ER Rajyabhishek) 4. Battel of Kanjua (Allahabad) – 1659 Aurangzeb won Shah Suja lost & killed 5. Battle of Devrai – 1659 Aurangzeb won vs Dara Shiekh Lost Jahan Ara – Daughter of Shahjahan who lived with Shahjahan at end. RE In 1666 – Shahjahan died in Agra fort Biography – Shahjahan Nama Written by – Inayat khan 6. Aurangzeb Alamgir (1658 – 1707) Born – Dohad (Ujjain) 1618 CA Married to Ditras Bano Begum Rabia Biwi Tomb of Biwi (Biwi ka Makbara) 2nd Taj Mahal or ugly copy of Taj Mahal. Aurangabad (Maharashtra) Now – Shanbaji Nagar After becoming the Mughal Emperor, Aurangzeb banned the printing of Qalma on coins. He prohibited the consumption of Tobacco & Liquor. Also banned Gambling. Also prohibited slavery & sati system. By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW  In 1664 he applied Pilgrimage Tax again. In 1664 – Shivaji attacked is a port of Mughal. In 1665 – Aurangzeb send Jaisingh to attack shivaji Treaty of Purander 1665 Note – Taisingh made sun clocks – Delhi & Jaipur. Called – Jantar Mantar ILL Jaipur city also named on – Jai Singh. In 1668 – He banned all Hindu festival. He also banned Muharram as because he hates shiyas. In 1669 – He destroyed 3 famous Hindu Temples– 1. Somnath Temple (Gujrat) 2. Kashi Viswanath Temple (Varanasi) W 3. Keshav Rai Temple (Mathura) In 1675, Aurangzeb killed 9th Sikh Guru – To Sishganj Gurudwara (Delhi) – Where he killed Bahadur GTB Rakabganj Gurudwara (Delhi) – Where he body was …... Note– ER Bangla Sahib Gurudwara - Delhi Where 8th Guru – Harkishan adviced to made a pond to cure Chechak. In 1679 – Aurangzeb applied Jaziya Tax again. Revolt of Akbar – 1681 Aurangzeb son Akbar revolted against him. In that revolt shivaji son Sambhaji helped Akbar Sambhaji likes Jahan Ara (sister of RE Aurangzeb) In 1682, Aurangzeb started his South India Mission (or Grave of Aurangzeb) Previously – 19 Subedor + 2 21 Subedar (Aurangzeb had maxi subedar in Mughal dynasty CA In 1686 – He added Bijapur In 1687 – He added Golconda In 1689 – Aurangzeb attacked on Shambaji & killed him after that he arrested his wife Yesubai & son Shahu When Aurangzeb was in South Mission, then in his absence his wazir, Asad khan, ruled in Delhi (31 yrs). Maxi Hindu ministers in Aurangzeb's ruling period. In 1707 – Aurangzeb died in Ahmad Nagar (Maharashtra) Tomb – Daulatabad (Maharashtra) By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW  Biography – Alam-Gir-Nama (By Qazim Shiraji) Also Aurangzeb banned music but he plays venna. Modern India (1707-1857) Downfall of Mughals– 1707 – Battle of Jajao In this battle Muazzam killed Aazam & Kanbarch and became the next Mughal Emperor ILL but his name was Bahadur Shah II. W 7. Bahadur Shah II/ Shah Alam I – (1707 – 1712) He became Mughal emperor at the age of 65 yrs, so called Budha Badshah. He was also known as Shah-e-Bekhabar, by his ……… 1702 Shahu got free from Mughals & became the next Maratha ruler. 1712 During a mission against Banda Bahadur, (Sevak of Guru Govind Singh ER who had Khalsa Pant) he was died. 8. Jahandar Shah – (1712 – 1713) He gave the title of Sawai & Mirza to Jaisingh and Maharaja to Ajit Singh A lover of Jahandar shah named – Lal Kuwar (a taw…) he appointed all the relatives of Jal juwar is Delhu Darbar. So people gave him title of – Lampat Murkh. RE 1713 – They killed Jahandar Shah & appointed the next Mughal Emperor to – CA Farruksiyar. 9. Farrukish appointed sayyed brothers – Abdulla khan – wazir (PM) Hussain Ali Khan – Mirabakshi. 1. 1st Bengal got separated– (1st Nawab – Murshid Quli Khan) 2. 2nd Awadh– (1st Nawab – Saddat Ali khan) By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW  1716 Farruksiyar killed Banda Bahadur. Dr. William Hamiltan – He was a British Surgeon who operated Farrukiyar. 1717 Farruksiyar gave a Golden ordinance to the Britishers in Bengal, Bihar, Odisha. Golden Ordinance Magna Carta of Britishers (Written fundamental rights is Britain is called Magna Carta, given by – King John – 1215) ILL 1719 Treaty of Delhi. 10. Rafi-ud-Darjat (Shahjahan II) (1719) He died after two months because of T.Q. 11. Rafi-ud-Daula (1719) After 4 month he died due to dysentery. 12. Mohammad Shah (1719-1748) W 1979 – He killed Sayyed brothers with the help of Nizam-ul-Mulk. Sayyed brothers are called King makers in Indian history. Due to excess happiness, Muhammad made Nizam-ul-as Subedar of Hyderabad. But he himself made him as 1st Nizam of Hyderabad by revolting against Mughal. ER Balaji Vishwanath died & his son Bajirao-I (1720 – 1740) because 2nd Peshwa of Marathas Mohammad Shah is known as Rangeela Badshah, because he was laways found is Haram. 1739 Invasion of Nadir Shah (Iran) known as "Nepolian of India". 1739 Battle of Karnal RE Nadir Shah (won) vs Mughal (Lost) Mohammad shah gifted 5 lakh rupees to Nadir Shah and said him to go back. But Nadir Shah came to Delhi & looted it. (70 crore rupees). He saw diamond in Takth-e-tous and named – Kohinoor. He also looted – Kohinoor and Mayur Sinhasan. CA Mohammad Shah was the last emperor who sat on Mayur Sinhasan & Saw Kohinoor. People stop giving Jajiya. After death of Nadir Shah in 1747, his son Ahmad Shah Abdali became next ruler of Iran. After death of Mohammed Shah his son Ahmed Shah became next ruler. 13. Ahmed Shah (1748 – 1754) 1748 – 1st attack of Abdali was happened By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW  1748 – Ahmed Shah – Ahmed Shah Battle Abdali In this battle Ahmed Shah Abdali was defeated. 1764 – Death 14. Alamgir II (1754 – 1759) During his period– Battle of Plassey– ILL Robert Clive 1st governor of Bengal vs Sirajuddaula Nawab of Bengal. Smallest battle of Indian history (11/2 hr.) Robert clive defeated Sirajuddaula because– 1. Mir Jafar who was Senapati of Sirajuddaula helped Robert clive. 2. Britishers used Guns. W 15. Shah Alam II (1759 – 1806) 14 Jan 1761 – Third Battle of Panipat Ahmad Shah Abdali vs Marathas (Sada Shiv Rao Bhau) Abdoli Nawab – Sujauddaula & Bharat Mal Jaat promise to help Marathas but they didn't came & Ahmed Shah Abdali defeated Maratha's (30,000 soldiers died) At that ER time – Peshwa was – Balaji Bajirao (Nana Saheb Peshwa) 1803 – Britishers conquered Delhi & they made Mughals their pensioners British rule started in Bengal from here. Shah Alam II was the 1st pensioners of Britishers. 16. Akbar II (1806 – 1837) He was 1st Mughal who was appointed by the Britishers. RE 1830 – He gave the title to "Raja" to "Raja Ram Mohan Rai". 1837 - Death 17. Bahadur Shah II/ Bahadur Shah Zafar (1837 – 1857) Last Mughal emperor. Famous Urdu peot of India CA Pen name – Zafar (Pen Name – Gulrukhi-Sikandar Lodhi) He was the leader of the revolt of 1857. 1857 He was arrested by the britishers & was send to Rangoon. All Uttradhikari's were killed by Britishers. 1862 – Death in Rangoon. 1858 Official declared "India is ruled by Britishers". Revolt of 1857 End of Mughal rule. By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW  That was an army revolt. 1st revolt when Hindu & Muslim fought together. 1st army revolt of India– 1806 Nellore, Tamil Nadu. Symbol of revolt of 1857 Kamal & Roti ILL But revolt was started in 10 May. It was reason of failure of revolt. That time, British Crown – Queen Victoria W Mughal Emperor in India – Bahadur Shah Jafar British army chief in India– Before revolt – George Annison After revolt – Cousin campbell PM of Britain – Parnestern Gov. General of India – Lord Canning Books – ER 1. 1857 – S.N. Sen 2. The Indian war of Independence – V.D. Savarkar 3. The sepey Mutini & the Rebellion of 1857 – R.C. Majur. 4. Poverty & unbritish rule in India – Dada Bhai Naroji Political Reason– RE Governor General – Lord Dalhousie (1848 – 1856) 1848 – He attacked on Maharaja Dalip Singh & conquered Punjab. And he made Dalip Singh the pensioner of the Britishers. 1849 – Dalip gifted Kohinoor to Victoria. Dalhousie applied Doctrine of Lapse in India. Provice conquered by Dalhousie under Doctrine of Lapse CA S - Satara S - Sambhalpur J - Jaitpur B - Baghat U - Udaipur J - Jhansi N - Nagpur A - Awadh By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW  K - Karauli 1856 – Wazid Ali Shah (Nawab of Awadh) Begum Hazrat Mahal (from Lucknow) Last Nawab of Awadh Birjis Qadir Son Social Reasons 1856 – Dalhousie presented a bill known as Widow Remarriage Bill. Supporter of this bill – Ishwar Chandra Vidhya Sagar. ILL Religions Reason– 1813 – Christian Missonaries arrived in India. London 31 May 1857 Ranoji Bahu Aji Mullah Khan Recent Reason– W 1857 Brown Bess (wooden Diffie) Jan 1857 – Enfield Rifle  (Cow & pigi ………. 1st Incident 29 March 1857 – Mangal Pandey 34th …….. refused to use these bullet in Barrakpur Cantt, W.B ER Lt. Baugh Mangal Pandey killed him as the forced him to use these bullets. 08 April, 1857 Mangal Pandey was executed. Meerut– 24 April 1857 – 99 soldiers of Meerut contt refused use these bullets. They were from 3rd native infantry. All these soldiers arrested & from them 85 soldiers punished by life RE imprisonment. 10 May 1857 – Leader – Kadam Singh All soldier, were grouped & they attacked on their Lt. & then revolt start 11 May 1857 – All gathered at Red fort & they announced Bahadur CA Shah Zafar as their leader. 12 May 1857 – Bahadur 52 arrested from Humayun's Tomb Lt. – Nicokon    Arrested Bahadur Lt. Hudson Arrested  19 Sep 1857 – BSZ sent to Rangoon, Burma by Britishers. Reason of failure of Revolt – Revolt was started before time. Weak Leadership By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW  streets of Indians rulers was supporting Britishers Only upper costs were informed lower caste was not involved in it. Place Revolt by Controlled by Meerut Kadam Singh British Army Chief Solim compbell Delhi Bahadur Shah z Lt. Nicolson ILL Bakht Khan Lt. Hudson Ambala Rao Tulram Lt. Nicolson Lt. Hudson Mathura Devi Singh Collin compbell Kanpur Naha Saheb Collim Compbell (Dhondu pant) W Tatya Tope  (Ram Chandra Pandurang) Jhansi Rani Laxmi Bai Captain Huroze Lucknow Begum Hazrat Mahal Collin Compbell ER Allahabad Liyaqat Ali Cot. Nail Faizabad Maulvi Abdulla Gen. Renard Gorakhpur Gajaudhar Singh Gen Renard Jagdishpur Kunwar Singh Collin Compbell Barrcilly Khan Bahadur Vincent Aayer 18 April 1858 – Last Incident – Execution of Tatya Tope. RE Revolt of 1857 ended by execution of Tatya tope. Governor General – Viceroy Marathas & Peshwas 1. Shivaji (1627-1680) – life period Born – 1627, Shivner fort, Pune CA Father – Jija Bai Religious Teacher – Ram Das Primary Education – Kondwa (Grand Father) 1657 – He did his first attack on Mughals. That time Aurangzeb was the governor of Ahmednagar. In that attack Aurangzeb defeated Shivaji. After that Shivaji attacked on 23 fort of Mughals & conquered them. 1664 – First Loot of Surat – big loss of Mughals. 1665 – Jaisingh (Commander of Aurangzeb) attacked on Shivaji (treaty of Purander) By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW  After that treaty Jaisingh present Shivaji & his son Sambhaji is the court of Aurangzeb. But Aurangzeb arrested them. He kept Shivaji is Jaipur Bhawan, Agra 1670 II loot of Surat Done by Shivaji. 1674 Rajyabhishek (coronation) is Rajgarh fort by Gangabhatta & he took two titles– 1. Chalrapati Maharaj ILL 2. Hindu Badshah 1678 Shivaji founded a Navi, Whose head quard was in colaba (Mumbai) 1980 During Karnataka or Mission, Shivaji died. Bijapur Mission Asthapradan of Shivaji– 1. Peshwa – P.M. 2. Amatya – Revenue Minister W 3. Sumanta – Foreign Minister 4. Sar-e-Naubat – Commander-in-chief 5. Vakianavis – Information Minister 6. Surunavis – Letters Minister ER 6. Surunavis – Letters Minister 7. Pandit Rao – Minister of religious work 8. Nyayadhish – Law Minister He was succeeded by his son Shambhaji. 2. Shambhaji (1680 – 1689) 1681 Shamabhaji helped Akbar is his revolt against Aurangzeb. RE 1689 Aurangzeb attacked on Shambhaji & killed his 3. Rajaram (1689 – 1700) CA Tarabai sat on the throne as Shivaji II was only 4 yrs old. She ruled in the name of Shivaji II. 4. Tarabai (1700 – 1707) 1707 Shahu was released from arrest 1707 Battle of kheda – Shahu attacked Tara Bai Shahu (won) vs Tara Bai (Lost) Shahu became the ruler by the name – Chatrapati shahu Maharaj By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW  5. Chatrapati Shahu Maharaj (1707 – 1749) Capital – Satara 1713 – Started Peshwai System is Maharasthra & appointed his first Peshwa to Balaji – (1713 – 1720) Vishwanath 1719 – Treaty of Delhi Balaji V. helped Sayyed Brothers to kill farrukshiyar. ILL 6. Bajirao – I (1720 – 1740) Second Peshwa of Marathas & the greatest Peshwa of Marathas. 40 uneatable battles 1729 – Battle of Palkhera Bajiro II (won) vs Nizam-ul-Mulk (lost) Nizam of Hyderabad 1st Nizam of Hyderabad Nizam-ul-Mulk W 1740 – Bajirao died 7. Balaji Bajirao (Nana Saheb Peshwa) (1740 – 1761_ In his ruling period Shahu died. 14 Jan 1761 – Third Battle of Panipat ER Ahmed Shah Abdali won vs Marathas lost Marathas ended after this battle. Last Peshwa of Marathas – Bajirao II (1796 – 18…..)  In 1818, Britishers attacked & made him period & Marathas ended here Advent of Europeans in India RE CA 1498 – Portuguese East India Company 1499 – Black (got 60% profit) paper was taken from India to Europe by him. 1502 – again arrived in India 1503 0150 Portuguese empire in India is called – Estando De India 1505 – 1509 – First governor of Portuguese in India – Fransisco De Almida By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW  Almida attacked on Arabian & conquered their trade. Which is known as Blue water Policy of Almida. 1509 – Almida returned from India & second Governor of Portuguese come named – Alfanso De Albukurle actual founder of Portuguese empire is India. The only variety of mangoes in India 'exported in European countries & American which was produced by Alfanso in India by the name Alfanso… ILL 1509 – He made cochin as capital of Portuguese 1510 – He attacked on Aadil Shah of Bijapur and he got Goa from him. 1515 – Albukurk died in India. III – Governor – Nino De Kunha (1529 – 1528) 1530 – He shifted his capital from Cochin to Goa. Portuguese came early & India but stayed longest time. 1987 – 25th state of India – Goa is the smallest state in area W ER – Sikkim is the smallest state is Population. – Goa is the special state of India Art 371(1) Normal State Special State Fund of development Fund for development 90% – state 90% – Central RE 10% – Central 10% – State Potatoes were brought in India by Portuguese. Also started commercialization of agriculture. Harvesting of Tobacco is the contribute of Portuguese Red Chilly was brought by Portuguese is India. CA Ship building was started by them. Catholic design of Church. Printing press (1st press 1557 in Goa) 2. Dutch 1596 – Careless houtman First Dutch to arrive India. 1602 – Dutch East India company established 1605 – 1st factory in Musalipatnam Golden coins started is India – Pegoda coins Dutches had 2 industries in India– By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW  1. Cotton Textile Industry 2. Indigo Industry 1759 – Battle of Bedra Britishers (won) vs Dutches (Lost) Britishers comqured their trade & after that Dutches returned to Netherland. 3. Britishers ILL 1st Britisher came to India – John Mildenhal Akbar's Court – Ralph Finch Crown – Elizabeth I Group – Merchant Adventures. 31 December – East India company established W 1608 – Cap. Williiam Hawkins (Representative of EIC_ 1611 – Musalipatnam 1613 – Established 1st factory in Surat 1615 – Queen died & Sir James Roe (James I) 1662 – British Prince – Charles get married to Catherine Brigenza (Portuguese). After ER their married Mumbai was given to British is Dowry. 1668 – Charles gave Bombay to EIC on the rent of 10 pound/ year. 1717 – Britishers got a Golden ordinance from the Mughal Emperor Farrukshiyar. After British, Danish Came to India. 4. Danish (People of Den mark) 1616 – Danish East India Company was eastablished RE 1620 – 1st factory – Trancobar, Kerala 1676 – 2nd factory – Serampur, Bengal Two trader in India– 1. Trade of Tea 2. Trade with China CA 1845 – They sold their trade to Britishers & returned to Denmark. 5. French 1664 – Colbert – 1st French who arrived India (Minister of king Louis XIV of France) 1664 – French EIC established in India 1st factory – Surat 1972 – French Governor – Francis Martin attacked on Sher Khan Lodhi and he got Puducherry village from him. By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW  1674 – He made puducherry its capital. Bengal 1700 Murshid Quli khan (1713-1727) Subedar of Bengal – Aurangzeb appointed him as Subedar. Capital – Dhaka. 1713 – He declared himself as independent ruler of Bengal. ILL He was first Nawab of Bengal. He shifted his capital to Murrhidabad. 1727 – Shujauddin (1727 – 1739) became the Nawab of Bengal Sarfaroz Khan (1739 – 1740) Battle of Gheria – Sarfaroz Khan Lost) vs (1740-1756) Ali Wardi Khan (won) W Ali Wardi defeated sarfaroz & became next Nawab of Bengal. He was commander of Sarfaroz khan Sirajuddaula (1756 – 1757) First Nawab to oppose Britishers. 20 June 1756 – in fort willians, Calcutta, Black Hole Tragetly – Sirajuddaula ER arrested 146 britishers kept them in a black room for 2 days, 123 died & 23 alive. William Holwell Written the whole situation of black hole. 1757 – Governor – Robert Clive 1757 – Battle of Plassey Robert clive (Won) vs Sirajuddaula (Lost) RE Battlie time = 11/2 hour. Commander – Mir Zafar Minister – Rai Durlabh 1757 – 1947 – Mir Zafar (Nawab of Bengal) (1757-1760) 190 yrs Slave of Britishers. CA 1760 – Mir Qasim (1760 – 1765) (Son-in-law of Mir Zafar) Mir Zafar (1763 – 1765) 1764 – Battle of Buxar Shah Alam II, Mir Kasim, Sujauddaula Lost vs Hector Munro (won) 1765 – Treaty of Allahabad Robert Clive 1765 – 1772 7 yrs Loot of Bharat – Dual Governance in Bengal. Double Tax – 1. EIC By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW  2. Local ruler – Rai Durlabh (81% part will also be given to British) 1767 – Robert clive was called in British parliament because of his illegal last in India because of this he attempted suicide 1772 – Warren Hastings In 1772, he abolished dual Governance of Bengal he founded the post of District ILL collector in 17… constitutional development of India started in India. 1773 – Regulating Act of 1773. Constitutional Development of India 1773 – Regulating Act of 1773– 1. British Parliament interfear in EIC. EIC of the trade rights for 20 yrs. 2. 24 Board (Tenure – 6 yrs) of Directors were appointed in…… W Gov. of Bengal became governor General of Bengal warran Hasting (Head of the executive) 1st Gov. gen. of Bengal 1774 – Supreme court established in Calcutta. Lord Eliza impe – chief justice. 3. Other Judges – ER 1. Lord Hide 2. Lord Chambers 3. Lord Lambastes Nand Kumar & Chait Singh & Ghasiti Beghum opposed the illegal work of warren hasting & they were hanged (1784) by Hasting with the help of Eliza Impe. 1784 – Pitts India Act 1784 RE As per this act trade and administration from EIC was separated. Executive & Judiciary was also separated. 1785 – Impeachment of warren hasting in British Parliament 1793 – Charter Act of – 1793 – 1. Trade rights of EIC was extended for 20 yrs. CA 2. From 1793, salary of British officers was started paying from India. 21st April 1793 – Indian Civil Service exams started Civil service Day lord Cornwallis Father of ICS 1793 – Revenue Board & Revenue Police started. 1813 – Charter Act of 1813 – 1. Christian Missionaries arrived is India 2. Rs. 1 Lakh/ annum was sanctioned for Indian education & its culture. 3. Trade rights of EIC were terminated except 2 rights– a. Trade of Tea By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW  b. Trade with china 1833 – Charter Act of 1833 Gov. Gen. of Bengal become Gov. Gen. of India – First Gov. Gen. of India – Lord William Bentic. – English became official language of India. – All trade rights of EIC company were termins. ILL 1853 – Charter Act of 1853 – 6 BODs were terminated from EIC & their no. was reduced to 18. – Written (Gov. Gen. lord Dalhousie) examinant for ICS started. (in London 1853 – 192…) – ICS qualified by 1st India – Surrendra Nath Banerjee – 1st Indian ICS officer – Satyendra Nath Tagore. W 1857 – Rebellion of 1857. 1858 – Govt. of India Act 1858. (Declaration letter of Queen Victoria) 1. EIC was closed 2. All BODs were terminated as well ER 3. Queen victoria was declared as emperor of …. Crown Rule in India Gov. Gen. of India became viceroy of India 1st Viceroy of India – Lord Canning Lord canning read the declaration letter of Queen victoria on 01 Nov. 1858, in Minto Park, Allahabad. RE 1861 – Indian council Act 1861 1860 (Presented by – James willison) – 1st Indian Budget – Income tax started – Father of Income tax – lord canning – Viceroy of India get power to declared on Ordinance. CA – From 1861, IPC (Indian Penal Code) was implemented in India. 1862 – As per portfolio commission, Lord canning did the classification of Indian departments. (Father – Lord Canning) 1885 – Congress established by A.O. Hume Word taken from USA 1st session – Bombay, 72 people participated. 1st president of congress – W.C. Banerjee 1892 – Indian Council Act 1892– By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW  1. 1st time the word – Election used in India. 2. Indians got the right to debate on budgets, but they did not get the right to vote. 3.Provincial legislative Assemblies were made in India which had 60 members. 1906 – Muslim League Established by – Aga Khan 1907 – Congress divide Naram Dal, Garam Dal Divide & rule policy started ILL 1909 – Lord marley  State secretary Lord Minto  Viceroy Marley – Minto Reform Act. 1919 – Montegeous – Chelmsford Reform Act. 1919 – 1935 Dual Governance is provinces applied from 1919, salary of British W officers started coming from Britain. 1928 – Simmon Commission Members 7 This commission was protested in Lahore Welcomed Simon commission ER Dr. B. R. Amedkar unionist Party Mohd. Saifi Group RE Except Mohd. Ali Jinnah Everyone signed. Again Moti lal Nehru request for CA (Daminion state). In 1928 again congress divided – 1. Old congress (Moti Lal Nehru) 2. Youth Congress (Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru) 1931 – The demand of fundamental Rights is, Karanchi session by was accepted by congress. Prex of this session – Sardar Vallabhbai Patel. By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW  In 1931, Gandhiji raised the demand of fundamental Right is 2nd round table conference in London. In all 3 conference B.R. Ambedkar was present but Gandhiji ILL only joined 2nd conference is 1931. 1935 – Govt. of India Act 80 yrs. Of constitution is taken from this get 1. Dual gov. of provinces was abolished. 2. Dual gov. is central was applied 3. 1 April 1935 – Reserve Bank of India established W 4. Supreme court was shifted from Calcutta to Delhi, but started working in 1937. 1937 – Burma was separated from India. Constituent Assembly 1876 – Bal Gangadhar Tilak verbailly demanded const. Assembly 1934. M.N. Roy ER written demand. 1936 – Pt. J.L. Nehru 1940 – Demand accepted – August offer sent to India 1st acceptance of demand of which was rejected. 1940 – Individual Satyagrah started Participated & heated– RE I. Vinoba Bhave II. Pt. J. L. Nehru CA 24 October 1945 – UNO established. 1946 – Constituent Assembly established by the plan (Cabinet Mission) Cabinet Mission Plan Crips Alexander Lawrence 01 July 1946 – 1st election for const. asc. By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW  Total member 389 292 British provinces, 93 Indian provinces, British Commissionary Election among – 296 seats ILL Viceroy – Lord Wavell. W 2 Sept 1946 – 1st Intrim Govt. of India. 9 Sept 1946 – 1st meeting Cabinet of Intrim Govt– 1. PM & foreign minister – Pt. J. L. Nehru 2. Home information & broadcasting and home minister – Sardar Vallabhai Patel ER 3. Education ministry – Shri Rajagopalchari 4. Food & agri Minister – Dr. Rajendra Prasad 5. Defence Minister – Baldev Singh 6. Labour Minister – Jag Jeevan Ram 7. Health Minister – Gajnaffar Ali Khan RE 8. Finance Minister – Liyaqat Ali Khan 9. Law minister – Jogendra Nath Mandal. 10. Industry Minister – John Mathai 11. Mines & Port Ministers – H. C. Bhabha 12. Railway minister – Aruna Asaf Ali CA 20 February 1947 – Declaration of Indian Independence PM of British Climent Etely 30 June 1948 Juno Plan March 1947 – Lord mountbatten became viceroy. 04 July 1947 – 18 July 1947 By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW  ILL In 2yrs. 11 month 18 days (till 166 days), expending 64 lakh finally on 26th November 1949 (constitution day) our constitution is formed. W 26 January 1950 – Republic Day Development of Education in India– It was started in 1813, when as per charter Act 1813 Rs. 1 lakh/annum was sanctioned for the development of Indian education and culture. 1778 – Sir William Jones founded Asiatic society of Bengal for study of Indian ER history & its culture. 1781 – Warren Hastings founded a seminary for study of Persian and Arabic language. 1791 – Jannathan Dunkun founded a Sanskrit college is Varanasi. 1800 – Lord Wellesley (1798 – 1805) founded fort William college in Kolkata. RE 1817 – Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded Hindu College (Presidency college) is kolkata. But the first biggest contribution given in the development of Indian education was given by Lord William Bentick. As per Charter Act 1833, English became official language of India. 1833 – William Bentick founded Public Education committee for the reforms in CA Indias Education. Chairman – Lord Macaulay. 1835 – Lord Macaulay presented his report which is known as Macaulay minute. As per this report. English was compulsory for English education. Second reform was made by lord (1848 – 1856) Dalhousie. As per Charter Act 1853, written examination was by for ICE. By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW  1854 – Dalhousie made a commission for education reforms Charles wood dispatch This dispatch is known as Magna cart Indian education. As per this comm. 1857, Kolkata, Madras & Mumbai anniversary were formed. 1882 – Lord Rippon (1880 – 1884) Humter Commi. As per this commi. Some reforms were made is primary education is India. 1902 – Lord Curzon (1899 – 1905) made Raylay commi. As per this commi. in 1904, ILL Indian University Act Public Service Commi. in which he increased the mini age for ICS from 18 to 21 yrs. 1905 – Lord Curzon founded Archeological Survey of & Agricultural Dept. is India. 1917 – Seddlar Commi. (Lord Chelmsford). As per this comm, CBSE was founded and some universities were founded is Hyderabad, Mysore, Patna, Banaras & Lucknow. W Development of Newspapers in India 1556 – 1557 – 1st printing press of India (Goa) 1684 – First British press was founded in Bombay. 1780 – First Indian Newspaper published by James August hicks which was Bengal Gudget. ER 1817 – First English newspaper published by an Indian was Bengal Gudget (founder – Gangadhar Bhattacharya). 1829 – First Hindi newspaper of India was published. Named udand Martand. (founder – Jugal Kishore) (Published in Hindi from Kanpur) 1821 – Raja Ram Mohan Roy published 2 newspapers in Persian – (a) Samvat Kaumudi, (b) Mirat-ul-Akhbar RE 1859 – Ishwar Chandra Vidhyasagar published a Bengali newspaper named Som Prakash (from Calcutta) Some famous Newspapers of India– Newspaper Founder Place The times of India Robert knight Bombay CA The statesman Robert knight Calcutta Madras Mail Robert knight Madras The Pioneer Robert knight Allahabad Amrit Bazar Patrika Moti Lal Ghosh Calcutta Bangvasi Jogindra Nath Bose Culcutta The Hindu Veer Raghavachari Madras Keshari & Maratha Bal Gangadhar tilak Bombay Bengali Surendra Nath Banerjee Calcutta By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW  Young India Mahatma Gandhi Ahmadabad Navjeevan Mahatma Gandhi Ahmadabad Harijan Mahatma Gandhi Pune Independence Moti Lal Nehru Ahmadabad Hindustan Times K. M. Panikkar Delhi The Tribune Sir Dayal singh Chandigarh ILL Al-Hilal Maulaha Abul K Azad Calcutta Al-Bilal Maulana Abul k Azad Calcutta Kamrad Mohd. Ali Jinnah Lahore Hamdard Mohd. Ali Jinnah Lahore The Hindi patriot Harish Chandra Mukherjee Calcutta Gadar Gadar Party San francis W Important Religious & Social Reforms is India– Society Place Founder Aatmiya Sabha Bengal Raja Ram Mohan Raj Brahma Samaj Bengal Raja Ram Mohan Raj ER Aadi Brahma Samaj Calcutta Keshav Chandra sen Sadharan Brahma Samaj Calcutta Vishwanath Shastri Brahma Samaj (South India) Madras Shri Garu Naidu Tatwa Badnini Sabha Calcutta Devendra Nath Tagore Prarthna Samaj Bombay Mahadev Govind Renovolt Aarya Samaj Bombay Swami dayanand RE saraswati Dayanand Anglo Vedic College Lahor Hans Raj & Lala Lajpat Gurukul Maridwar Swami Shardhanand Ram Krishna Math Calcutta Swami Vivekanand Central Hindu College Varanasi Annie Besant CA Muslim Angle Oriental College Aligarh Sir Sayyed Ahmad Dev Bandh School Saharanpur Mohd. Kasim Nanotvi Nam Dhari Andolan Punjab Ram Singh Radha Swami Satsangh Agra Devendra Nath Tagore Scientific India Patriotic society Aligarh Sir Sayyed Ahmed khan Deen Bandhu Sarvajanik Sabha Bombay Jyotiba phule Vidhwa Ashram Pune D. K. Karve Women University Pune D.K. Karve By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW  Atma Samman Andolan Madras Rama Swami Ayyer Governors/ Gov. Generals & Viceroys 1. Robert Clive (1757 – 1760), (1765 – 1767) a) Battle of Plassey, 1757 b) Treaty of Allahabad, 1765 c) He applied dual governance is Bengal in 1765. ILL d) He prohibited Gov. employees to take gifts. e) He was the only governor who committed suicide f) In 1767, he founded society for trade in Bengal. g) Battle of Buxar, Gov – Vancihart. 2. Warran Hastings (1772 – 1785) Last Governor & first Gov. Gen. of Bengal. W a) Abolition of dual governance, 1772 b) Foundation of post of district collector in 1772. c) Regulating Act of 1773 d) founder or General post office (GPO) in Calcutta, 1774 ER e) Pitts India Act, 1784 g) Impeachments on him is 1785 (only Gov. to impeachment) 3. Lord Cornwallis (1786 – 1793) – He founded & session courts in Bengal– (i) Calcutta (ii) Patna RE (iii) Murshidabad (v) Dhaka – He started permanent settlement or Zamir system in India. – He is known as father of ICS. – 1805 – he died in India CA – Only Gov. Gen. whose grave in India – Ghazipur, UP. 4. Sir Johnshore (1793 – 1798) – Charter Act of 1793 – 1796 – Battle of khurda Britishers vs Nizams (Hyderabad) 5. Lord Walleyselly (1798 – 1805) – He applied ban on Indian Newspapers. – 1800 – ford William college, Calcutta formed. – 1803 – Britishers conquered Delhi & male Mughals their pension By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW  6. Sir George Barlo (1805 – 1807) – 1806 – Army revolt (1st army revolt) in Tamil Nadur Vella 7. Lord Minto I (1807 – 1803) – Treaty of Amritsar 1809 minto I or Maharaja Ranjeet Singh 8. Lord Hastings (1813 – 1823) Charter Act, 1813 ILL – He prohibited Indian press to print against British empire. – In his period Sanyasi Revolt was happened in Bengal. 9. Lord William Bentick (1828 – 1835) – He abolished 3 systems from India– a) 1829 – Sati System b) 1830 – Thug system W c) 1833 – Human sacrifice system – He founded the post of divisional commissioner. – He founded a bench of Supreme court in Agra presidency. – Charter Act, 1833 ER – Last & first Gov. Gen. of Bengal & First Gov. Gen. of India. 10. Lord Charles Metcalf (1835 – 1856) – He is known as the Liberator of Press, because he removed banned from Indian Newspapers. 11. Lord Dalhousie (1848 – 1836) – He applied Doctrine of Lapse in India. RE – 1850 – First train of Indian Started is Rorkee. (Goods train) – 1852 – He founded Indian Post Dept. Started telegram service. Also started postage tickets. – 16th April 1853 – He started first passenger train of India from Bombay to Thane. (34 km) CA – He made Shimla, the summer capital of Britishers. – 1856 – He presented widow re-marriage bill. – 1853 Charter Act of 1853 12. Lord Canning (1856 – 1862) – Lord Gov. Gen. & first Viceroy of India – 1856 – Widow re-marriage act. – Revolt of 1857 – 1858 – Govt. of India Act. By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW  – 1860 – first Indian Budget was presented by James Willsons. – 1861 – Indian highcourt act. (As per this act, In 18..3 high court was established is Calcutta, Mumbai, Madras. – He is known as the father of classification of Indians Departments. 13. Sir John Lawrence (1863 – 1869) – He started the development of Indians reilaways. ILL – He built canals for irrigation in India. – 1869 – He founded Videsh Sanchar Nigam Ltd. 14. Lord May (1869 – 1872) – 1870 – He founded Mayo college in Ajmer. – 1872 – He conducted first census is India. – 1872 – He was killed in port Blair by Sher Ali Afridi. W 15. Lord Ripon (1880 – 1884) – Father of Indians census – 1881 – He started regular census in India – 1882 – He started Local governance in India. ER – 1881 – First factory act – as per this act he prohibited child labour. 16. Lord Differin (1884 – 1888) – 1885 – fondant of congress by A.O Hume. 17. Lord Curzon (1899 – 1905) – He was the most unliked viceroy of India. All he was an archeologist as well. – 1907 – Foundation of PSCs. RE – 1904 – Foundation of natural Disaster commi. – 1905 – Foundation of Archeological Survey of India – Headquarter – Kolkata – 1st chairman – John Marshall 2 teams– CA – 1905 – Partition of Bengal – East Bengal – West Bengal By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW  18. Lord Minto II (1905 – 1910) – 1906 – Foundatn of Muslim League by Aage Khan. – 1907 – Split of congress in Surat Session Presidented – Raj Bihari Ghosh – 1909 – Marley – Minto Reform Act. 19. Lord Harding II (1910-1916) – 1911 – British king George V arrived India ILL Gateway of India in Bombay was built to welcomed in Jan Gan Man was also written is his arrived to welcome her First rung – 1911 in Calcutta session of congress Presidented by – Bhishan Narayan Das – Third Delhi darbar was organized for him – he cancelled partition of Bengal. W – He declared Delhi as nw Capital of India. – 1912 – Delhi became capital of India – 1912 – Harding Bomb conspiracy – The only viceroy who was killed by people (or Krantikari fighter) ER – 1912 – A bomb won thrown on lord Harding II it was son by Raas Bihari Bose. – 1913 – Rabindranath Tagore got the title of "Knight hood" Sir" is Britain. He got first Noble prize for literature for Gitanjali – 09 January , 1915 – Gandhiji returned from South Africa. – Prawasi Bhartiya Diwas (NRI Day) – 1916 – He returned from India to Britain RE Citizen – by birth NRI – Indian but lives in foreign PIO – Art. B (Token citizenship of America even they will never belong American) OCI – (Taken Indian citizenship but it is not na……… so called OCI) 20. Lord Chelmsford (1916 – 1921) CA – 1916 – Pt. Madan Mohan Malviya founded (Banaras Hindu University). – Mahatma G. founded Sabarmati Aashram, (Gujrat) (Ahmedabad) – 1917 – 1st movement of Gandhiji in India i.e. – Champaran – Satyagraha (Indigo Cultivation) During this movement Ravindra NT gave him the title of "Mahatma". – 1918 – kheda Satyagraha (in Gujarat) President MG Sardar V.B. Patel By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW  – 10 April 1919 – First time MG was arrested from Palwal Station. – 13 April 1919 – Jaliawala Bagh compiracy. Because of this compiracy, Rabindra NT returned the title of knighthood & MCs returned the title of kesar-e-hind. – 1919 – Montageous (Secretary) – Chelmsford (Viceroy) Reform Act: – 1920 – Foundation of Aligarh Muslim Uni (AMU) ILL – 01 August 1920 – MG started his non-cooperation movement. 21. Lord Reading (1921 – 1926) – 1921 – Prince of wales arrived in India. – 05 Feb 1922 – Chauri – Chaura compiracy – 11 Feb 1922 – MG took back his non-cooperation movement. – 1923 – Lord Reading started written exams for ICI in India W – 1925 – Moti Lal Nehru founded Swaraj Party. – 1925 – Kakori conspiracy (List of train in Kakori by freedom fighter) 22. Lord Irwin (1926 – 1931) – 1927 – Foundation of Delhi & Nagpur university. ER – 1928 – Simon commission arrived in India. During its protest Lal Lajpat Rai died in Lahore. Moti Lal Nehru presented his Nehru report in Delhi. – 1929 – Sanders was killed by Bhagat Singh, Rajguru & Sukhd – 1928 – Bardoli Satyagrah (Gujrat) Peasant movement presidented by – Sardar patel. – 1929 – A bomb thrown in National assembly by Bhagat & he gave the slogan "Inqlab RE zindabad" written by – Mohd. Iqbal. In that compiracy, Batukeshwar Dutt helped Bhagat S. – 12 March 1930 – Dandi March by Gandhi. – Nov. 1930 – First round table conference, in London. – 5 March 1931 – Gandhi Irwin pact was signed. CA – 23rd March 1931 – Executions of Bhagat S, Rajguru & Sukh in Lahore central Jail. 23. Lord Willington (1931 – 1936) – 1931 – Second Round Table conference, in London – 1932 – Third Round Table conference, in London – 1933 – Choudhary Rahmat Ali gave the word Pakistan. – 1935 – Govt. of India Act. 24. Lord Linlithgow (1931 – 1936) – 1936 – first elections were held in India. By Abhishek Suman Sir FOR ALL SUBJECT CLASSES & CLASS NOTES | DOWNLOAD CAREERWILL APP NOW  Provincial Legislative assembly elections. – 1939 – Subhash C. Bose founded Block Party second world war started. – 1940 – August offer First demand of Pak was raised by Muslims league in Karachi session. – 1942 – Cripps Mission. – 1943 – Subash C. B said MG "Father of the Nat….. ILL 25. Lord Wevell (1944 – 1947) – 1945 – II World War ended – 24 October 1945 – UNO headquarter – New york. – 1946 – Cabinet Mission Plan. – 1946 – First election for constituent asse. W – 1946 – Muslim League gave the Slogan "Divide and Go". – 20 February 1947 – Declaration of Indian Independence. 26. Lord Mountbatten (1947-1948) – He was Last viceroy of India & first Gov. Gen. of Independent India. – 1947 – Indian Independence Act. ER – 1948 – Returned from India. 27. C. Rajagopalachari (1948 – 1950) – He was last Gov. Gen. of India. – He was known as "Raja Js" and "Chanakya of Modern India" – He was education Minister in Interim Govt. RE – 1948 – 24 Jan 1950 – he was gov. gen. – 24 January 1950 – we adopted president word from America. – 26 Jan 1950 we appointed Dr. Rajendra Prasad as our Prez. – 1954 – He got Bharat Ratna honour for Politics. From highest to Lower 1. Bharat Ratna – No prize money for outstanding contribution is field of art, CA politics, education social work. 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