Developmental Psychology Chapter 1 PDF

DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY Chapter 1: The Study of Human Development Prepared by: Camille Faye Elcano-de la Paz, RPm TOPICS Chapter 1: The Study of Human Development...

DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY Chapter 1: The Study of Human Development Prepared by: Camille Faye Elcano-de la Paz, RPm TOPICS Chapter 1: The Study of Human Development Human Development: An Evolving Field  Basic Concepts in Human Development Influences on Development The Life-Span Developmental Approach Quiz 1 : 15 items In some societies, there is no concept of adolescence or middle age HUMAN DEVELOPMENT: AN EVOLVING FIELD HUMAN DEVELOPMENT scientific study of the systematic Focuses on the processes of  change ans begins at stability in people conception and (Papalia) continues through The pattern of the life span movement or (Santrock) change that DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENTISTS Looks at ways in which people change from conception through maturity and those characteristics that remain stable.  Child Rearing Social PolicyEducation Health LIFE-SPAN DEVELOPMENT studied scientifically. Concept of human "Womb to Tomb" development as a lifelong Comprising the entire human life process, which can be span from the conception to death.  Acknowledges that development can be either positive or negative. GOALS OF EXPLORING HUMAN Describe Explain Predict Control DEVELOPME NT  Explain How do some children acquire language? Why do some children talk later than GOALS OF usual? EXPLORING Predict Predict the likelihood of a child to have HUMAN serious speech problem. DEVELOPMENT Control Giving child therapy earlier once a speech delay Describe or speech problem is present in a child. How large is a child's vocabulary at a certain Intervene in development age? When do children say their first word? BASIC CONCEPTS IN  HUMAN DEVELOPMENT Domains of Development - separate, yet interrelated Development Psychosocial Cognitive Developmen Development t Physical DEVELOPMENT Physical Development BASIC Growth of the body and brain, CONCEPTS sensory capacities, motor skills and health. (Biological) IN HUMAN Cognitive Development  Learning, attention, memory, Development language, thinking, reasoning, and Pattern of change in emotions, creativity. personality, and social relationships Psychosocial PERIODS OF THE LIFE SPAN Division of the life span into periods in just a social construction. A concept or practice that is an invention of a particular culture or society. Meaning, some culture may have different concepts about the life span. Developmentalists suggests that certain basic needs must be met, and certain tasks mastered for typical development to occur PERIODS OF THE LIFE SPAN Period 1 Conception to birth Infancy and 234 Toddlerhood Birth to age 3 Prenatal Early Childhood Childhood Ages 3 to 6 Ages 6 to 11 Middle PERIODS OF THE LIFE SPAN Ages 20 to 40 5678 Middle Adulthood Adolescence Ages 40 to 65 Ages 11 to about 20 Late Adulthood Young/EmerginAges 65 and over g Adulthood Influences on Though developmentalists studies about universal processes of Development development, they are also studying about individual differences. INDIVIDUAL People differ in gender, height, weight, and body build; in health and energy, DIFFERENCE level; in intelligence; and in temperament, personality, and emotional reactions. S "Context is also a factor" Influences on Development can be describes in two primary ways:  Environment Heredity (“nurture”, outside the body) Totality of (“nature”, biological process) Inborn nonhereditary, or experiential, traits or characteristics inherited from influences on development. the biological parents. NATURE AND NURTURE AS INFLUENCE IN DEVELOPMENT IS FIERCELY DEBATED IN HUMAN DEVELOPMENTAL FIELD. Contemporary theorists and researchers are more interested in finding ways to explain how nature  and nurture work together than arguing which factor is more important. MATURATION Unfolding of a natural sequence of physical and behavioral changes. Varies in timing and pacing Only when deviation from the average is extreme, should we consider development exceptionally advanced or delayed CONTEXTS OF DEVELOPMENT Family Socioeconomic Status Culture, Ethnicity and Race Gender Historical Context Timing of Influence  FAMILY Two-generational kinship; household Nuclear Family unit comprising of one or two parents with their children, whether biological, adopted or stepchildren. Extended Family Multigenerational kinship network of parents, children, and other relatives sometimes living together in an extended-family household. SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS  Affects developmental processes outcomes indirectly. Kind of home Parent’s income Neighborhood Quality of nutrition Medical Care Education CULTURE, RACE AND Combination of economic and social factors describing ETHNICITY an individual or family, including income, education, and occupation.  language, and physical products — all learned behavior, passed on from parents to children. Constantly changing, often through contact with other cultures. Individualistic Culture priority on personal goals and encourage people to view themselves as distinct individuals Culture Collectivistic Culture concerned with collective goals and group A society’s or group’s total dynamics. People view themselves with respect to their relationship with others. way of life, including customs, traditions, beliefs, values, CULTURE, Race RACE AND ETHNICITY A grouping of humans distinguished by their outward physical characteristics or social qualities from other groups. Not a biological construct So we cannot define race using biological differences. We can say that Thai, Vietnamese, Malaysian and Indonesian looks the same, (but we cannot assume differences in race due to physical  appearance), so we use Ethnic Gloss CULTURE, Ethnic Group RACE AND ETHNICITYConsists of people united by a distinctive culture, ancestry, religion, or national origin, all of which contribute to a sense of shared identity and shared attitudes, beliefs and values.  Ethnic Gloss ·Overgeneralization about an ethnic or cultural group that obscures differences within the group. (Asian, Latina, Hispanic) GENDER Gender Roles and expectations may affect one's development and differences in  experiences based on gender HISTORICAL CONTEXT  of people’s lives. The time in which NORMATIVE AND people live. NON-NORMATIVE Developmentalists began to focus on Normative Influences how influences tied to time affect the course INFLUENCES Characteristic of an event that occurs in similar way for most people in a group. Normative Age-Graded  Influences Normative History-Graded Influences NORMATIVE AND NON-NORMATIVE INFLUENCES Normative Age-Graded Influence Highly similar for people in a particular age group; factors that have a strong correlation with chronological age. Normative History-Graded Influences Associated with specific time period or significant events that shape the behavior, values and attitudes of a historical generation. (WW1, Covid19 Pandemic) NORMATIVE AND NON-NORMATIVE INFLUENCES Historical Generation A group of people who experience the event at a formative time of their lives. Cohort A group of people born at about the same time. Note that... A historical generation may contain more than one cohort, but cohorts are part of a historical generation only if they experience major, shaping historical events at a formative point in their lives (Rogler, 2002). NORMATIVE AND NON-NORMATIVE INFLUENCES Non-Normative Influence Characteristic of an unusual event that happens to a particular person or a typical event that happens at an unusual time of life. Unpredictable and not tied to a certain developmental time in a person’s development or to  a historical period. Unique experiences of an individual. Earning master’s degree Getting a job offer Divorce Coping with death of a child TIMING OF INFLUENCE  Austrian zoologist, showed that newly hatched goslings will instinctively follow the first moving object they see, whether it is a member of their species or not. Imprinting is automatic and irreversible Imprinting Result of the readiness of an organism’s nervous system to acquire certain information during a brief critical period in early life Konrad Lorenz TIMING OF INFLUENCE Specific time when a given Critical Period event, or its absence, has a specific impact on as dramatic or irreversible development. (Starts and ends gradually) Length is not absolutely fixed Window of time where (Starts and ends abruptly) development is more easily Limited time frame during achieved. which a certain development can occur. LIFE-SPAN Sensitive Period DEVELOPMENTAL The time when a developing person is especially responsive to APPROACH certain kinds of experiences. (Paul Baltes, 1987) Less sensitive than critical 1 period No exact time frame Development is lifelong. Results are not necessarily 2 Development is multidimensional. 3 shift over the life span Development involves changing Development is multidirectional. resource 5 Relative influences of biology and culture 4 allocations 6 Development shows plasticity Development is influenced by the 7 historical and cultural context  DEVELOPMENTAL ISSUES Reference: John W. Santrock, 2018 Nurture Continuity vs. Stability vs. Discontinuity Nature vs. Change DEVELOPMENTAL ISSUES Nature vs. Nurture inherited from Nature biological parents Inborn traits or Heredity and genes characteristics Nurture  environment in the womb Totality of nonhereditary and continuing throughout or experiential, influences life Environment on development. Starting with the prenatal NATURE AND NURTURE AS INFLUENCE IN DEVELOPMENT IS FIERCELY DEBATED IN HUMAN DEVELOPMENTAL FIELD. Contemporary theorists and researchers are more interested in finding ways to explain how nature  and nurture work together than arguing which factor is more important. DEVELOPMENTAL ISSUES Stability vs. Change stability is the result of heredity Stability and possible early life Involves the degree to which experiences. early traits and characteristics Change persist through life. Are we an older version of Involves the degree to which early our early experience? traits and characteristics changes Developmentalists that as an individual grows. emphasize stabiliy argue that Do we develop into someone  different from who we were at an change take the more optimistic earlier point in development? view that later experiences can Developmentalists who emphasize produce change DEVELOPMENTAL ISSUES Continutity vs. Discontinuity Discontinuity Continuity Does our development Does our development involves distinct changes? involves either gradual, Qualitative in nature cumulative change? ex. Larvae into Pupa and into Quantitative in nature a Butterfly ex. puppy into a dog oak seed into oak tree Lyceum of the Philippines University-Cavite QUIZ 1 The Study of Human Development Prepared by: Camille Faye Elcano-de la Paz, RPm, MA(Cand.) 1. A developmental issue that  argues whether we become older version of our early experiences or we develop into someone different from who we were at an early point in development. 2. He is the Austrian Zoologist who showed that newly hatched goslings will  instinctively follow the first moving object they see, whether it is a member of their species or not. 3. ______________is a limited time frame during which a certain development  can occur. 4. Overgeneralization about an ethnic or cultural group that obscures differences within the group. 5. Lester, together with his other siblings and his parents live in a house where her  grandparents, one aunt and two cousins also live. Lester seems to think that he doesn't have any privacy because all his things must be shared with his other cousins. Their food is limited since they need to share with the other members. From this, you can infer that Lester belongs to________ as the unit of their household. 6. "No matter how you teach your child to memorize the multiplication table, she will not  learn it Marites, she is just one year old." In this scenario, what is the main factor of development that needs to unfold before Marites'child can learn the multiplication table? 7. It focuses on the scientific study of the systematic  processess of change and stability in people 8-10. What are the three domains of development? 11. Characteristic of an unusual event that  happens to a particular person or a typical event that happens at an unusual time of life. 12. Characteristic of an event that occurs in similar way for most people in a group, factors that have a strong correlation with chronological  age. 13.A society’s or group’s total way of life, including customs, traditions, beliefs, values, language, and physical products — all learned behavior, passed on from parents to children. 14. Combination of economic and social factors describing an individual or family, including income, education, and occupation. 15.  A group of people born at about the same time. 5. Extended Family QUIZ 1 6. Maturation 7. Human Development 8. Physical Development 1. Stability vs. Change 9. Cognitive Development 2. Konrad Lorenz 10. Psychosocial 3. Critical Period Development 11. 4. Ethnic Gloss Nonnormative Influence 12. Normative Age-Graded Influence 13. Culture 14. Socioeconomic Status 15.Cohort