HSIE Geography Notes PDF

Topics : - - **[Environmental change and management : ]** Definitions : Global hectares - Global hectares are the accounting unit for the Ecological Footprint and Biocapacity accounts. Earth Overshoot - Earth Overshoot Day marks the date when humanity\'s demand for ecological resources and...

Topics : - - **[Environmental change and management : ]** Definitions : Global hectares - Global hectares are the accounting unit for the Ecological Footprint and Biocapacity accounts. Earth Overshoot - Earth Overshoot Day marks the date when humanity\'s demand for ecological resources and services in a given year exceeds what Earth can regenerate in that year. Carbon footprint - A carbon footprint is the total amount of greenhouse gases (including carbon dioxide and methane) that are generated by our actions. Ecological footprint - The impact of human activities measured in terms of the area of biologically productive land and water required to produce the goods consumed and to assimilate the wastes generated. Estuary: The Estuary---where fresh and saltwater mix. Erosion - Erosion is the geological process in which earthen materials are worn away and transported by natural forces such as wind or water. GDP : Gross domestic product , The total monetary value of all final goods and services produced or sold in the market within country in a period of time GDP per capita : GDP divided by the total population HDI : Human development Index (Measures standard of living within a country) FOUR S : Service: The things done for us by the natural environment Source : Natural products that can be used or be converted by humans for our use Sink : The process in the natural environment that absorbs our waste. BMI - Body Mass Index (Calculating weight, height etc.) Spirituality : Connection to land Sea walls : They are panels installed in Sydney harbor designed to mimic the natural weathering features of Sydney\'s rocky reefs to provide important micro habitats, the issue they manage is erosion and parenting erosion. Sea Bin : They are filtration systems that collect waste while allowing clean water to pass through. Sea bins collect plastic larger than 2mm e.g paper, oil, fuel and detergent [Sydney Harbour:]  [Synoptic Charts : ] Key : How to read it :       [Sand Dunes : ] Questions : a. b. c.  [Erosion : ]    [The Aral Sea : ] - - - - [Common Questions :] **What are the long-term effects of plastic pollution on Sydney Harbour?** Harm to marine life through ingestion or entanglement, degradation of water quality, the breakdown of plastics into microplastics, which can accumulate in the food chain. **Describe a management strategy used in Sydney Harbour.** Living sea wall, sea bin, recreating marine habitats **What is beach erosion?** Beach erosion is the process where waves, tides, and currents remove sand and sediment from the shoreline, leading to a loss of beach area. **Explain fire stick farming.** Using controlled fire to remove undergrowth and fuel that can cause bushfires. **Why is it important to listen to Indigenous Voices when making environmental management decisions?** Thousands of years of knowledge and experience, as well as recognising the deep, intrinsic connection between land, culture and identity. **Describe the significance of Aboriginal land management.** Practices, such as controlled burning, foster biodiversity, maintain ecosystem balance, and promote sustainable use of resources, showcasing a deep connection to and knowledge of the land. **Human Wellbeing:** Lesson 1 - What is Human Wellbeing **Definition of Wellbeing:** A good or satisfactory condition of existence; a state characterised by health, happiness, prosperity and welfare. **Factors that can impact wellbeing:** - - - - - **How is wellbeing experienced?** Wellbeing is experienced when people have what they need for life to be good. But how do we measure a good life? We can use indicators of wellbeing to help us. Indicators are important and useful tools for monitoring and evaluating progress, or lack of it. There are quantitative indicators and qualitative indicators. - - - **Concept of Development:** The concept of development is not only concerned with economic growth but includes other aspects such as providing for people's basic needs, equity and social justice, sustainability, freedom and safety. We have built on this traditional concept for measuring progress by considering wellbeing, which emphasises what is positive and desirable rather than what is lacking. We can measure development in a variety of ways, but the most common method remains to use economic indicators that measure economic progress using data such as gross domestic product (GDP). *Gross Domestic Product (GDP) a measurement of the annual value of all the goods and services bought and sold within a country's borders; usually discussed in terms of GDP per capita (total GDP divided by the population of the country)* **Categories Of Wellbeing Indicators:** - - - - - **Inequality In Human Wellbeing:** Factors that affect equality across areas in a positive way may include the availability of natural resources or an educated workforce, whereas susceptibility to natural disasters or corruption may create more inequality. Inequalities may exist between individuals, but also within and between countries, regions and continents (often referred to as 'spatial inequality'). **Mapping wellbeing:** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Canva Game: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -