Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction PDF - Quarter 1, Module 1

Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction Quarter 1 – Module 1: Basic Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 – Module 1: Basic Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section...

Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction Quarter 1 – Module 1: Basic Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 – Module 1: Basic Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio Development Team of the Module Writer: Rodgem A. Barairo Ginalyn H. Aquino Editors : Josefina M. Fabra Anne Marielle R. Del Mundo Vanessa R. Ambas Reviewers: Dolorosa S. De Castro Cristeta M. Arcos Richard Brian L. Tutor Illustrator: Leumel M. Cadapan Ronan DC Vergara Layout Artist: Leumel M. Cadapan Maria Elinor F. Hemedes Management Team: Wilfredo E. Cabral Job S. Zape Jr. Eugenio S. Adrao Elaine T. Balaogan Rosemarie D. Torres Ernesto D. Lindo Dolorosa S. De Castro Cristeta M. Arcos Printed in the Philippines by ________________________ Department of Education – Region IV-A CALABARZON Office Address: Gate 2, Karangalan Village 1900, Cainta, Rizal Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487 E-mail Address: [email protected]/ [email protected] Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction Quarter 1 – Module 1: Basic Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk Introductory Message For the facilitator: Welcome to the (Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction Grade 11/12) Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Basic Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk! This module was collaboratively designed, developed, and reviewed by educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling. This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances. In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the module: Notes to the Teacher This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in guiding the learners. As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module. 4 The following are some reminders in using this module: 1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises. 2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included in the module. 3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task. 4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers. 5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next. 6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it. If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it! What I Need to Know This module is intended to help you understand the concept of disaster. Disasters are reality. Perhaps our most potent response to it must be awareness, knowledge, and understanding of this reality. Hence, this first lesson provides you, our dear learners with a basic but thorough grounding on the concept of disaster and how and when an event turns into a disaster. The Module is intended to equip you with knowledge to explain the basic concept of disaster. After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. Understand the meaning of disaster. 2. Justify different kinds of disasters that are common; the Philippines has experience. 3. Observe surroundings and every situation that you may encounter. 4. Appreciate the significance of knowing disaster risks and how it may affect one’s life. 5  What I Know Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper. 1. What is this inherently unexpected and happening that comes quickly without any warning? a. disaster b. hazard c. phenomenon d. risk 2. A natural disaster is a(n) _____ event. a. expected b. planned c. scheduled d. unexpected 3. It is also called as the Circum-Pacific belt, the zone of earthquakes surrounding the Pacific Ocean where about 99% of the world’s earthquake occurs. a. locust b. drought c. ring of fire d. subsidence 4. All of the following show effect of disasters EXCEPT__________. a. displacement of populations b. damage to the ecological environment c. destruction of a population’s homeland d. sustained public attention during the recovery phase 5. Which of the following is an example of man-caused disaster? a. storm surges b. flooded coastal areas c. landslide on mining sites d. oil spills from shipping boat 6 6. Which of the following is an example of natural hazards? a. factories b. fault lines c. mining sites a. chemical plants 7. Which of the following is NOT a type of natural hazard that causes disaster? a. tornado b. typhoon c. earthquake d. car accident 8. It is defined as the source of danger and something that may cause injury or harm. a. disaster b. hazard c. phenomenon d. risk 9. Which of the following category is NOT part of man-made hazard? a. terrorism/violence b. technological/industrial c. complex humanitarian emergencies d. preventive and precautionary measures 10. Which of the following is useful to better establish priorities and response activities, and systematize previous experiences? a. disaster risk b. effects of disaster c. phases of disaster d. categories of disaster 11. It involves the identification and mapping of the elements at risk and the assessment of people, animals and plants that may be affected? a. exposure b. vulnerability a. disaster risk c. risk assessment 7 12. The potential disaster losses in lives, health statuses, livelihoods, assets, and services, which could occur in a particular community or a society over some specified future time period is called _______________. a. disaster risk b. disaster mitigation c. disaster preparedness d. disaster prevention 13. Disaster has a great impact on __________________. a. buildings b. garden c. humanity d. Parks 14. Which of the following is a product of the massive damages to life and property caused by a hazard due to the vulnerability within a community? a. destruction b. disaster c. disaster risk d. vulnerability 15. Disaster risk can be determined by the presence of the following elements of Disaster EXCEPT _______________. a. phenomenon b. coping capacity c. vulnerability to a hazard d. hazard (natural or man-made) 8  Lesson What is Disaster and 1 Disaster Risk? In this module, the learners will hold an understanding about disaster and develop a firm grasp of a very crucial factor that has direct bearing on disaster and disaster risk. What’s In Philippines: A Country Prone to Natural Disasters The Philippines has experienced from an inexhaustible number of deadly earthquakes, volcano eruptions, and other natural disasters. This is due to its location along the Ring of Fire, a large Pacific Ocean region where many volcanic eruptions and earthquakes occur. Activity 1: “Count Me In” Direction: Write five (5) disastrous events in the Philippines in the last five years that you could still recall. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. 1. _____________________________________ 2. _____________________________________ 3. _____________________________________ 4. _____________________________________ 5. _____________________________________ 9  What’s New Activity 1.1 Understanding Disaster Instructions: Analyze the given images and answer the given questions below: 1. In two to three sentences, describe the given images. ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. List down the disasters that you can identify from the images. ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 10  What is It IT’S A DISASTER Disaster is "a sudden, calamitous occurrence that causes great harm, injury, destruction, and devastation to life and property”. It disrupts the usual course of life, causing both physical and emotional distress such as an intense feeling of helplessness and hopelessness. A preceding definition of disaster stresses that two elements are affected – life (whether human or animal) and property. The effects vary – it maybe a minor damage (like broken windows and doors), major damage (like torn rooftops, collapsed walls), total destruction (like completely destroyed houses and structures rendering them useless and inhabitable) and the worst scenario, it can lead to death. (Asian Disaster Preparedness Center, ADPC, 2012) According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO, 2008), disaster is “a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources”. Any adverse episode or phenomenon can exploit a vulnerability in the affected population or community to create damage and this awareness will form the basis for an adequate intervention. Meanwhile, the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction defines disaster as a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources. 11  Disasters are often a result of the combination of: the exposure to a hazard; the conditions of vulnerability that are present; and insufficient capacity or measures to reduce or cope with the potential negative consequences. Its impacts may include loss of life, injury, disease and other negative effects on human physical, mental, and social wellbeing, together with damage to properties, destruction of assets, loss of services, social and economic disruptions, and environmental degradation. Mahar, Patrick, et.al, “Disasters and their Effects on the Population: Key Concepts,” Accessed (01 June 2020), https://www.aap.org/en-us/Documents/disasters_dpac_PEDsModule1.pdf Image 1. Different kinds of Natural Disasters 12 Classification of Disasters: Disasters can be divided into 2 large categories: A. Natural Disasters – a natural phenomenon is caused by natural forces, such as earthquakes, typhoon, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, fires, tornados, and extreme temperatures. They can be classified as rapid onset disasters and those with progressive onset, such as droughts that lead to famine. These events, usually sudden, can have tremendous effects. B. Man-made - Disasters caused by man are those in which major direct causes are identifiable intentional or non-intentional human actions. Subdivided into three categories: 1. Technological/industrial disasters - Unregulated industrialization and inadequate safety standards increase the risk for industrial disasters. EXAMPLE: leaks of hazardous materials; accidental explosions; bridge or road collapses, or vehicle collisions; Power cuts 2. Terrorism/Violence - the threat of terrorism has also increased due to the spread of technologies involving nuclear, biological, and chemical agents used to develop weapons of mass destruction. EXAMPLE : bombs or explosions; release of chemical materials; release of biological agents; release of radioactive agents; multiple or massive shootings; mutinies 3. Complex humanitarian emergencies - the term complex emergency is usually used to describe the humanitarian emergency resulting from an international or civil war. In such situations, large numbers of people are displaced from their homes due to the lack of personal safety and the disruption of basic infrastructure including food distribution, water, electricity, and sanitation, or communities are left stranded and isolated in their own homes unable to access assistance. EXAMPLE: conflicts or wars and Genocide the deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation “Disasters and their Effects on the Population: Key Concepts,”, Accessed on 02 June 2020, pages 7-10, https://www.aap.org/en-us/Documents/disasters_ dpac_PEDsModule1. pdf. 13  The damage caused by disaster cannot be measured. It also differs with the kind of geographical location, climate, earth’s specific characteristics, and level of vulnerability. These determining factors affect generally the psychological, socio – economic, political, and ethnical state of the affected area. Risk and Disaster Risk Risk has various connotations within different disciplines. In general, risk is defined as “the combination of the probability of an event and its negative consequences” (UNISDR, 2009). The term risk is thus multidisciplinary and is used in a variety of contexts. It is usually associated with the degree to which humans cannot cope (lack of capacity) with a situation (e.g. natural hazard). The term disaster risk refers to the potential (not actual and realized) disaster losses, in lives, health status, livelihoods, assets, and services which could occur in a community or society over some specified future time period. Disaster risk is the product of the possible damage caused by a hazard due to the vulnerability within a community. It should be noted that the effect of a hazard (of a particular magnitude) would affect communities differently (Von Kotze, 1999:35). It can also be determined by the presence of three variables: hazards (natural or anthropogenic); vulnerability to a hazard; and coping capacity linked to the reduction, mitigation, and resilience to the vulnerability of a community. 14  What’s More Activity 1.2 FIX ME!!! Instruction: Arranged the given jumbled letters to identify the correct terminology. The definition will help you to derive the correct answer. Answering this activity will develop your visual and analysis skills. Write your answer in your answer sheet. JUMBLED LETTERS DEFINITION A sudden calamitous event, bringing great 1. RTAIESSD damage, loss, destruction, and devastation. A path along the Pacific Ocean characterized 2. GRNI FO IEFR by active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes. An event causing great and often sudden 3. TALAYMIC damage or distress. Shaking of earth caused by waves moving on 4. AQRHTEKEAU and below the earth's surface. When lava and gas are discharged from a 5. ICNLOVAC IPREOUTN volcanic vent. Largest and deepest of Earth's oceanic 6. CFCPIAI NEAOC divisions. Type of tropical cyclone, or severe tropical 7. OOYNHPT storm. A natural event such as a flood, earthquake, or 8. LTARUNA RTAIESDS hurricane that causes great damage or loss of life. 9. ETUTODSRCIN A sudden or great misfortune or failure. Caused by man are those in which major 10. NMA EDMA RESTSAID direct causes are identifiable intentional or non-intentional human actions. 15 Activity 1.3 Understanding Natural and Man-Made Disaster Direction: Identify the given set of images if it is Natural or Man Made. Put your answer on the blank space below each picture. Classifying Disaster (Natural or Man-Made) "Tacloban, Leyte, Philippines" by “Military convoy" by chelmonette is ochacolombia is licensed under CC BY- licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 NC-ND 2.0 ________________________________ ________________________________ 16  "File:Ezra Acayan Mayon pic.jpg" by "Toxic Metal Barrel" by azzajess is Ezra Acayan, licensed under CC BY-SA licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0 4.0 ________________________________ ________________________________ "Motor Vehicle Accident at Clinton and "6.0 Magnitude Earthquake in the City of Napa" by Cal OES is licensed under Lafayette Ave" by cisc1970 is licensed CC BY-NC 2.0 under CC BY-NC 2.0 _______________________________ _______________________________ 17 Guide Question: Based on the presented images, how will you differentiate natural from manmade disasters? Explain your answer in 2-3 sentences. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ Given the table, give a natural disaster you experienced within your locality or you had heard from the news recently. What makes it a natural disaster? 1. Give a man-made disaster you experienced within your locality or you had heard from the news recently. Natural Disaster Man-made Disaster Activity 1.4 Understanding Disaster Risk Direction: In this activity, you must identify the classification of disaster as well as the disaster risk of a given disaster situations. Accomplish the table below. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. Classification of Disaster Risks Disasters Disaster (Effects) (Natural or Man-Made) 1. typhoon 2. war conflicts 3. volcanic eruption 4. chemical leakages 5. vehicular accident 6. earthquake 7. drought 8. thunderstorms 9. tuberculosis 10. rainfall-induced landslide 18  11. floods in rivers and coastal areas 12. avalanche 13. tsunami 14. bomb explosion 15. house Stop and Reflect Now review your previous Activity number 1.3 and 1.4. Do you think the given ideas/concepts are clear for you to understand different kinds of disasters that the country has experienced including its disaster risks? Agree or Disagree? What I Have Learned Exit Ticket Have you learned so much from this module? What are the three things that you learned today? What are the two things you found interesting? 3 Things I learned Today 1. _______________________________________ 2. _______________________________________ 3. ________________________________________ 2 Things I Found Interesting 1. ____________________________________ 2. ____________________________________ 1 Question I have 1. ________________________________________ 19  What I Can Do Now that you’ve already learned and understand the lesson focusing on disaster and disaster risk, it’s time to work to demonstrate your learning. Are you ready? Sure, you are! Activity 1.5 Am I Ready? Directions: Answer the given question. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. Do you think you are relatively well prepared when a disaster might affect your community either natural or man-made as well as to its effects? List down five (5) important things that you need to prepare in order to lessen the possible danger that you and your family might encounter when a disaster strike. Explain your answers briefly and write it on your answer sheet. 1. ________________________________________________________________________ 2. ________________________________________________________________________ 3. ________________________________________________________________________ 4. ________________________________________________________________________ 5. ________________________________________________________________________ 20  Assessment Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Which of the following is a sudden, calamitous event, bringing great damage, loss, destruction, and devastation to life and property? a. disaster b. hazard c. phenomenon d. risk 2. A natural disaster can be a _____________. a. phenomenon b. terrorism/Violence c. technological/industrial issues d. complex humanitarian emergencies 3. All of the following are the effects of disasters EXCEPT ___________ a. can destroy health infrastructure b. can cause an unexpected number of deaths c. can have adverse effects on the environment d. can cause the ability of every specie to reproduce 4. It is also called as the Circum-Pacific belt, the zone of earthquakes surrounding the Pacific Ocean where about 99% of the world’s earthquake occurs. a. drought b. ring of fire c. subsidence d. Bermuda Triangle 5. Which of the following is NOT an example of man-caused hazard? a. mutiny b. genocide c. earthquake d. bombs or explosions 21 6. It is defined as the source of danger and something that may cause injury or harm. It is also the uncertain course of events in a country. a. disaster b. hazard c. risk d. phenomenon 7. Which of the following category is a man-made hazard? a. storm surges b. flooded coastal areas c. Landslide on Mining sites d. Oil Spills from shipping boat 8. Which of the following is NOT included in the phases of disaster? a. recovery phase b. planning phase c. emergency phase d. preparedness phase 9. A natural disaster where sea waves of local or distant origin that results from large-scale seafloor displacements associated with large earthquakes, major submarine slides, or exploring volcanic hazards is called _______ a. earthquake b. flood c. tsunami d. typhoon 10. During the initial stage of a disaster, almost all surface means of transportation within the community are disrupted by broken bridges, roads, and streets that are rendered impassable by landslides or floods. The restricted mobility of vehicles makes rescue and other emergency operations doubly difficult. What is this impact/ effect of disaster? a. economic impact b. social and political impact c. damage to critical facilities d. disruption of transportation 22 11. Which of the following variables will NOT determine the elements in identifying disaster risk? a. coping capacity b. population explosion c. vulnerability to a hazard d. hazard (natural or man-made) 12. There are many impacts of Disaster, on what impact it will fall if a person is suffering from post-traumatic stress syndrome? a. physical wellbeing impact b. mental wellbeing impact c. social wellbeing impact d. none of the above 13. Erica is outside the building. Which action should she do when she feels the ground is shaking? a. Stay away from trees, powerlines, post and concrete structures. b. Move away from steep slopes which may be affected by landslides. c. If near the shore and feel and earthquake, especially if it’s too strong, move quickly to higher grounds. d. All of the above. 14. The potential disaster losses in lives, health statuses, livelihoods, assets, and services, which could occur in a particular community or a society over some specified future time period is called _______________. a. disaster risk b. disaster mitigation c. disaster prevention d. disaster preparedness 15. Disaster has a great impact on which of the following aspect? a. Bacteria b. Human c. Invention d. Technology 23  Additional Activities Activity 1.6 The Search is Over Direction: Search and encircle among the jumble of letters the key terms in the definition of disaster according to the Asian Disaster Preparedness Center. You should find nine (9) key terms. Y N H E R M L B V C X A S T R A I C K Y G Y R O S C O P I N N X I P L U C K Y S O U R S I E B I L O S S E R O S A R I O D E V A S T A T I O N O U O L A L M E N S E E D L I N G F O R T E P L A A N K G D I S E L I E G E V E N T E M E M R I T Y A C T I E V T E N M I O R T A I N O U X A N A R O U S F O R M U T O I T I O Z C H A N E U R S E Y R O S Y O U O M I D F U L L I A C A N N O T M O V E U P S Y D R I V E N S T O W A R D E S T S W E T H O S P I T A K I T S D A M A G E M E N T S U D D E N D E O N T R K X U T O P Y T Y N D A K O L Q I N U T T I E S D R O Once your word hunt is complete, use the key terms to define Disaster. Your definition should be a restatement/paraphrase of the definition by the Asian Disaster Preparedness Center. 1. ______________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________ 6. ______________________________________________________________ 7. ______________________________________________________________ 8. ______________________________________________________________ 9. ______________________________________________________________ 24