Dietary Recommendations and Protein Functions PDF

HNUT10010 HNUT10020 Human Nutrition 1: Understanding Nutrients Aifric O’Sullivan BSc, MSc, PhD UCD Institute of Food and Health School of Agriculture and Food Science Protein Dietary Recommendations and Functions • Protein foods • Requirements and recommendations • Proteins we make Protein Wh...

HNUT10010 HNUT10020 Human Nutrition 1: Understanding Nutrients Aifric O’Sullivan BSc, MSc, PhD UCD Institute of Food and Health School of Agriculture and Food Science Protein Dietary Recommendations and Functions • Protein foods • Requirements and recommendations • Proteins we make Protein What is a serving? Protein Requirements • Healthy adults need 0.8g of protein per kg body weight per day • Examples: • 60 kg adult = 60 x 0.8 = 48g per day • 80 kg adult = 80 x 0.8 = 64g per day • Some groups need slight more e.g. athletes Is it difficult to meet requirements? Breakfast Lunch Dinner Snacks 1 cup of cornflakes 200 ml milk 2 slices toast 2 slices of multi-grain bread 1 slice of ham 1 slice of cheese (25g) 1 tomato 1 banana 140g roast chicken 2 potatoes broccoli 1 carton yoghurt 1 apple Total 6g 8g 8g 8g 10g 7g 0.5g 2 35 6 2 10 0.5 103g 1.72g/kg 60kg person 1.29g/kg 80kg person Older Adults – Latest Research 1. 3 x 30g protein at each meal (breakfast, lunch and dinner) 2. 90g protein most at dinner (breakfast 11g, lunch 16g, dinner 63g) 3 x 30g showed the largest 24-hour muscle protein synthesis Proteins we eat Proteins we make Protein Functions Structure Hormones Enzymes Transport Protein Functions Structural Materials Proteins form integral parts of most body tissues and provide strength and shape to skin, tendons, membranes, muscles, organs, and bones. Enzymes Proteins facilitate chemical reactions. Hormones Proteins regulate body processes. (Some, but not all, hormones are proteins.) Transportation Proteins help maintain the volume and composition of body fluids. Proteins transport substances, such as lipids, vitamins, minerals, and oxygen, around the body. Acid-base balance Proteins help maintain the acid-base balance of body fluids by acting as buffers. Fluid balance Proteins help maintain the volume and composition of body fluids. Antibodies Proteins inactivate foreign invaders, thus protecting the body against diseases. Energy and glucose Proteins provide some fuel, and glucose if needed, for the body's energy needs. Other The protein fibrin creates blood clots; the protein collagen forms scars; the protein opsin participates in vision. Quiz • On a scale of 1 to 5, how difficult was this lecture? • What slides were most difficult? 12 Reading • Gibney M, Lanham-New S, Cassidy A, Vorster H, eds. Introduction to Human Nutrition. 2nd ed: WileyBlackwell, 2009. Chapter 4 • Campbell MK, Farrell SO. Biochemistry, International Edition, 7th Edition. Singapore: CENGAGE Learning, 2012. Chapters 3 & 4 • McGuire M, Beerman KA: Nutritional Sciences: From Fundamentals to Food. 3rd ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth; 2013. Chapter 5