From the Normans to the Tudors PDF

From the Normans to the Tudors Compact Performer Shaping Ideas Marina Spiazzi, Marina Tavella, Margaret Layton © 2021  From the Normans to the Tudors 1. The Normans Invaded England in 1066...

From the Normans to the Tudors Compact Performer Shaping Ideas Marina Spiazzi, Marina Tavella, Margaret Layton © 2021  From the Normans to the Tudors 1. The Normans Invaded England in 1066 led by William of Normandy. Defeated King Harold at Hastings. William was crowned king in Westminster Abbey on Christmas Day. William sent his men all over England to carry out a survey of the land The Domesday Book. Compact Performer Shaping Ideas  From the Normans to the Tudors 2. The consequences of the Norman invasion Compact Performer Shaping Ideas  From the Normans to the Tudors 3. The feudal system Compact Performer Shaping Ideas  From the Normans to the Tudors 4. Anarchy William I died in 1087. He was succeeded by two sons, William II (1087- 1100) and Henry I (1100-1135), then by his grandson Stephen (1135-1154). There was a period of civil war called the Anarchy between Stephen and Henry’s daughter, Matilda, until Stephen recognised Matilda’s son, Henry, as his heir. Henry II (1154-1189) was the first Plantagenet king. Compact Performer Shaping Ideas  From the Normans to the Tudors 5. Henry II: military reform He wanted to defend his French territories and re-establish order in England. He replaced the feudal duty of military service with a tax, the ‘scutage’. Knights could remain on their land and the king paid professional soldiers. Compact Performer Shaping Ideas  From the Normans to the Tudors 6. Henry II: the reform of justice The king regained control of the justice system by creating travelling judges. The law they administered was called common law The common law was used It was different from the law everywhere and based on administered in other parts local customs, comparisons of Europe, linked to the civil and previous cases. law of the Roman Empire and the Canon Law of the Church. Compact Performer Shaping Ideas  From the Normans to the Tudors 7. Henry II and Thomas Becket Henry wanted to reduce the power of the Church so he appointed his trusted friend Thomas Becket to be Archbishop of Canterbury. But once in office, the new Archbishop of Canterbury became an opponent of the King. Compact Performer Shaping Ideas  From the Normans to the Tudors 7. Henry II and Thomas Becket The conflict between the King and Becket lasted for a long time until Becket was murdered by four knights sent by the King. Becket became a martyr and a saint. All of Europe was shocked by the murder of Thomas Becket. Pilgrims visited his shrine in Canterbury Cathedral. Compact Performer Shaping Ideas  From the Normans to the Tudors 8. The Magna Carta Henry II was succeeded by his son Richard I, known as Richard the Lionheart (1189-1199). Richard joined the Third Crusade and spent little time in England. His brother John became king in 1199: he lost French territories; he collected higher taxes. Compact Performer Shaping Ideas  From the Normans to the Tudors 8. The Magna Carta In 1215 the barons: - refused to pay the scutage; - conspired to resist the King; - occupied London; - made King John sign an important document, the Magna Carta. Compact Performer Shaping Ideas  From the Normans to the Tudors 8. The Magna Carta The Magna Carta: promised freedom to all people; protected the rights of ordinary people; gave England the basis of a legal system; promised to have good and fair laws; prevented any freeman from being punished without a proper trial. Compact Performer Shaping Ideas  From the Normans to the Tudors 9. The birth of Parliament From the earliest times, the kings of England had assembled nobles and other important subjects in the ‘witan’, or council, to advise them. During the reign of Henry III (1216-1272) assemblies were summoned. They included: - bishops; - barons; - knights of the shire; - two representatives from the towns. The transition from the king’s council to Parliament was gradual. In 1295 a meeting of the king’s council was known as The Model Parliament, England’s first Parliament. Compact Performer Shaping Ideas  From the Normans to the Tudors 10. Conflicts and war Edward I had conquered Wales and tried to conquer Scotland, but he was opposed by William Wallace. Edward III launched a campaign in 1337 to reclaim lands in France because: - he claimed the crown of France as his mother was the French king’s sister; - the French were threatening Flanders, which was the chief market for English wool. War with France lasted until 1453 and was called The Hundred Years’ War. The battle of Agincourt, Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale de France. Compact Performer Shaping Ideas  From the Normans to the Tudors 11. The Black Death (1348-1350) It was a terrible plague which spread across Europe. It was caused by fleas, blood-sucking parasites, living on rats which infested the ship trading with Europe. It killed one third of Britain’s population. Illustration of the Black Death from the Toggenburg Bible (1411). Compact Performer Shaping Ideas  From the Normans to the Tudors 11. The Black Death (1348-1350) Consequences Labour shortages Villages were Old feudal meant Dramatic rise depopulated relationship labourers in food prices transformed could demand higher wages Compact Performer Shaping Ideas  From the Normans to the Tudors 12. Lollardy The last years of Edward III’s reign saw the rise of a religious reform movement called Lollardy. The leader was an Oxford scholar called John Wycliffe (1330-1384). The Lollards criticised corruption in monasteries and believed the church should show people how to imitate Jesus Christ in a life of religious poverty. Compact Performer Shaping Ideas  From the Normans to the Tudors 13. The Peasants’ Revolt Edward III was succeeded by his grandson Richard II. Richard II became very unpopular when he introduced a poll tax. This was a tax imposed on every adult without reference to their income. Compact Performer Shaping Ideas  From the Normans to the Tudors 13. The Peasants’ Revolt A craftsman, Wat Tyler, gathered a huge crowd and marched on London. They asked the king to abolish the peasants’ duties to their landlords. The Mayor of London had Tyler killed. The king had the leaders of the revolt executed. Compact Performer Shaping Ideas  From the Normans to the Tudors 14. The Wars of the Roses (1455-1485) The war with France ended in 1453 but fighting broke out in England in a civil war fought by two rival families who contended their right to the throne. Each family had a rose as their symbol: Red for Lancaster and white for York the House of Lancaster the House of York Compact Performer Shaping Ideas  From the Normans to the Tudors 14. The Wars of the Roses (1455-1485) Richard III, the last Yorkist king, was killed by the Lancastrian Henry Tudor in the final battle of the war, the Battle of Bosworth, in 1485. Henry became Henry VII, the first king of the Tudor dynasty. He married Elizabeth of York, daughter of the Yorkist king Edward IV and niece of Richard III, thus uniting the two contending houses. Compact Performer Shaping Ideas