British History Lecture PDF

 egzamin-tylho wyhead ! - First men in Britain : after the glacial period - - Britain still connected to the continent - Neolithic...

 egzamin-tylho wyhead ! - First men in Britain : after the glacial period - - Britain still connected to the continent - Neolithic people - natural resources Iberians inhabitants of Britain early - - Celts (8COBC and 600 BC) Duvids - polytheistic religious-beliefs - live Wales Scotland Ireland , The descendants of Sterians and Celts not mostly in , , Cornwall. Roman Britain : 54BC Julius Cezar (failed) - - -43 Al Emperor Claudius (succesful) - Romans civilization superior - as become -many tribal kings Latinized to Celtic rising of submission the Bauchicca Latinized , only exception > The easy queen - a , 70 000 killed the men were in uprising. - Hadrian's solt (TD123) Stone well from - - Roman Britain (43 AD-410AD) : - Carliste to Newcastle. England and Wales - 2 Antonine's well. (AD142)- turf wall from sophisticated civilization and culture - Clyde - to the Forth , - towns (London , Condinium) - defensive walls , forum, baths market , place, temple, theatre Roman their Chester Manchester Chichester Doncaster, garrisons recognized by - names : , , , Gloucester castra= a fatified camp - system of roads - cons writing written Law Christianity - , , , Anglo-Saxon invasions : -started when Roman Britains the Britain at were still in country , mercy of invaders. the main groups : 1. Yutes (northern Denmark) Kent - 2 Angles (Southern Denmark). 3 Saxons (northern Germany) Sussex, Wessex , Essex -. to -Anglo-Saxons pushed Celts from their territory Wales Scotland , ; were looking for a place to stay Romano-Celtic wold falls into choos (5th century AD) - - destruction of the Roman cities and villas -wars with Celtic Welsh-pushed to the West In the 7th be known Engle-land century a new country come to as or England Anglo-Saxons : the land nual people , lived villages, cultivated - in -lived in houses called halls Importance of social bands based on kinship (clan) ; claims of Lordship ; Witan (king's advisory council) · moot (meeting place , discussing local affairs) · a Common · law alphabet mnic - -influence of hin-groups can be seem in place endings -ing, -inghem -ington : homes. , Hastings people of Hoesta - - Reading people of Peada - - ham-form Birmingham, Eat theis - ~ Essex - East Saxons - Sussex-South Saxons Wessex-West Saxons - East Anglia-East Angles - Anglo-Saxons : not christian (god names weekdays) - = - fatalists  melancholic - family contacts - - cral tradition - - - - - - - - - - - - Christianisation : regalised by Roman 313 in Empire in Emperor Constantine - hermits and their -many christians including missionaries , names are memorised (St Yve. , St Endelion). Arthur , king of the Britons against the Anglo-Saxons defender of Christian · , at faith. Arthur gathered Camelot the knights of the Round Table , engaging in numerous quests, for the Holy Grail, one but it it was strange for Germanic settlers taught charity , humility self- - , discipline Anglo-Saxon's beliefs reflected their warrior spirit , but wa fatalistic - Two of Christianity in Britain sources : 1. Ireland-baptised by St Patrick. - Western Soctland - Northumbia Holy Island - 2 Roman. mission to England Kent - St Augustine first Archibishop of Canterbury - -. Disputes over differences between the Celtic and Roman parts of Britain relating to : · different church organisation abbots Celtic monastic system , holding power in ~ hierarchy top in Roman - , pope on · different dates Easter dates and Celtic celebrated on different in Roman - synod of Whitby (664) The differences were resdred by the favoured Roman - version of Christianity. Christianity meant : unity - -advancement in culture - introduction of Latin alphabet - monastic schools Bible opened the heritage of Christian - Venerable Bede-ercigodny Beda : menk at the Northumbian monastery "The ecclesiastial stay of the English people" gained him the title "The father of English - : History" The Vikings. First raids the British isles : Vikings on · Lindisfarne (793) (794) · yarrow lona (795) · Vikings pirates who sailed from Scandinavia to plunder or settle vident men love of slaugther , went - , , as far as Constantinople. Two main routes of their raids : Ireland, Scotland , Wales, Cornwall and Swedish mainly Norwegian - were lands Danish English mostly - in were - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Vikings Invasion : - void on Kent in 835 arrival of full scale invanding Great Heather Army around 865 defeated Northumbia - army a. 871 Danish Chief Guthrum sciled the Thames Wessex up , -opposed by Alfred the Great , hing of Wessex Anglo-Saxon victory the Danes in 878 (Battle of Edington) - over The theatry of Wedmore and the creation of "Darelaw" - Danelaw - north of the River Thames , eastern Mercia and Southern Nathumberland. TheSaxon Kingdom - North of Northumbria (not conquered by Vikings). Scotland the 860 Kenneth MarAlpine become king of the united Picts and sects in - the nath. Viking Invasions : Linguistic impact of the Vikings Old Norse (Yorkshire Lincolnshire, Leicestershire) - , , by (village settlement) Derby Grimsby Rugby · : , , , thope (small village) · Althorpe, Linthorpe : · son (personal names) : Damison , Henderson Alfred the Great : 886 conquered London, declared himself the king · - reorganised theormy · · created the many · establishedmiles of low introduced school system · had important texts translated into English (translated some probably · , Viking Invasions : Edward the Elder-re-conquest the Ganetow - his Athelstan conquered York - sau , the first Anglo-Saxonruher of the whole of England - - Edward the peaceful crowned in 973 Anglo-Saxon England : - breakdown of the tribal and con feudet system - class -one obligated to the one clae to dey -below the hing-class of theghs (thanes) United administered 'Carldoms' England in for six - was or The Danish Invasion : -end of the 10th c, attacked the South of England (Wessex) Edmund died and the Saxon Witan chose Canute (1016) to be the king - -he ruled passed he by sward but time , as strengthened Anglo-Saxon England Anglo-Saxon and Danish-official languages -London - important part -consditated the link between crawn and church Canute-King of (1010) Naway (1028) Denmark - , and  prosperity - peace and up between his after death kingdom orde two - sons The Witan the throne to Edward brought French - gave , up in Normandy died childless, stated building Westminister Toey (first Romanesque church in England) - Before the conquest : Edward the then died childless become King - , Hard Godwin's elected Fart son king - , 1066 William 1. Hardd Godwinson's right to the throne disputed by 2 brother. long-lasting conflict with his 3. England attacked by Hordd's bother and Harald Handrade (Norway's hing) 1 to defend laud from invasion Hordd Godwinson , morched with his. his the Viking arry 5. managed to defect the invaders at Stamford Bridge