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Questions and Answers
The Normans invaded England in ______ led by William of Normandy.
The Normans invaded England in ______ led by William of Normandy.
1066
William was crowned king in ______ Abbey on Christmas Day.
William was crowned king in ______ Abbey on Christmas Day.
Westminster
William sent his men all over England to carry out a survey of the land called the ______.
William sent his men all over England to carry out a survey of the land called the ______.
Domesday Book
William I died in ______.
William I died in ______.
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The period of civil war called the ______ occurred between Stephen and Matilda.
The period of civil war called the ______ occurred between Stephen and Matilda.
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Henry II replaced the feudal duty of military service with a tax called ______.
Henry II replaced the feudal duty of military service with a tax called ______.
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Henry II was the first ______ king.
Henry II was the first ______ king.
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The king regained control of the justice system by creating ______ judges.
The king regained control of the justice system by creating ______ judges.
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The law they administered was called ______.
The law they administered was called ______.
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The common law was used ______ everywhere.
The common law was used ______ everywhere.
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Thomas Becket was appointed as Archbishop of ______.
Thomas Becket was appointed as Archbishop of ______.
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Becket became an opponent of ______.
Becket became an opponent of ______.
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The conflict between the King and Becket lasted until Becket was murdered by ______ knights.
The conflict between the King and Becket lasted until Becket was murdered by ______ knights.
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Richard I was known as Richard the ______.
Richard I was known as Richard the ______.
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In 1215, the barons made King John sign the important document called the ______.
In 1215, the barons made King John sign the important document called the ______.
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King John's collection of ______ led to discontent among the barons.
King John's collection of ______ led to discontent among the barons.
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The war with France ended in 1453 but a civil war broke out in England between the House of Lancaster and the House of ______.
The war with France ended in 1453 but a civil war broke out in England between the House of Lancaster and the House of ______.
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Each family had a rose as their symbol: Red for Lancaster and white for ______.
Each family had a rose as their symbol: Red for Lancaster and white for ______.
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Richard III was the last king of the Yorkists and was killed by ______ Tudor in the final battle.
Richard III was the last king of the Yorkists and was killed by ______ Tudor in the final battle.
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Henry Tudor became Henry ______, the first king of the Tudor dynasty.
Henry Tudor became Henry ______, the first king of the Tudor dynasty.
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Henry VII married Elizabeth of York, thus uniting the two contending ______.
Henry VII married Elizabeth of York, thus uniting the two contending ______.
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The ______ promised freedom to all people.
The ______ promised freedom to all people.
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The transition from the king’s council to ______ was gradual.
The transition from the king’s council to ______ was gradual.
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Edward I faced opposition from ______ during his campaigns.
Edward I faced opposition from ______ during his campaigns.
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The conflict known as ______ lasted until 1453.
The conflict known as ______ lasted until 1453.
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The ______ was a terrible plague that spread across Europe between 1348 and 1350.
The ______ was a terrible plague that spread across Europe between 1348 and 1350.
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The first assembly known as The Model Parliament was convened in ______.
The first assembly known as The Model Parliament was convened in ______.
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Edward III launched a campaign in 1337 to reclaim lands in ______.
Edward III launched a campaign in 1337 to reclaim lands in ______.
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The king’s council was also referred to as the ______.
The king’s council was also referred to as the ______.
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The Black Death was caused by ______ living on rats.
The Black Death was caused by ______ living on rats.
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The Black Death killed one third of Britain’s ______.
The Black Death killed one third of Britain’s ______.
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The rise of the Lollardy movement was led by scholar John ______.
The rise of the Lollardy movement was led by scholar John ______.
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The Peasants’ Revolt was sparked by the introduction of a ______ tax by Richard II.
The Peasants’ Revolt was sparked by the introduction of a ______ tax by Richard II.
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The Lollards criticized corruption in ______.
The Lollards criticized corruption in ______.
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After the Black Death, labour shortages meant that workers could demand higher ______.
After the Black Death, labour shortages meant that workers could demand higher ______.
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Wat Tyler, a craftsman, gathered a huge crowd to march on ______.
Wat Tyler, a craftsman, gathered a huge crowd to march on ______.
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The Mayor of London had Wat ______ killed during the Peasants’ Revolt.
The Mayor of London had Wat ______ killed during the Peasants’ Revolt.
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Study Notes
The Normans
- Invaded England in 1066, led by William of Normandy.
- Defeated King Harold at the Battle of Hastings.
- William crowned king at Westminster Abbey on Christmas Day.
- William ordered a survey of England's land, known as the Domesday Book.
Consequences of the Norman Invasion
- Some Anglo-Saxon nobles died in battle, and others were removed from their land or exiled.
- Italian or French churchmen replaced Anglo-Saxon clergy.
- Townspeople maintained their wealth, and lower clergy retained cultural and religious traditions.
The Feudal System
- Barons became the king's tenants, leasing land to knights.
- Knights provided military service to barons.
- Peasants worked the land in exchange for food and protection.
Anarchy
- William I died in 1087.
- He was succeeded by his sons, William II (1087-1100) and Henry I (1100-1135), and then his grandson, Stephen (1135-1154).
- A period of civil war, known as the Anarchy, occurred between Stephen and Matilda's son, Henry, until Stephen recognized Henry as heir.
- Henry II (1154-1189) became the first Plantagenet king.
Henry II: Military Reform
- Henry II aimed to protect French territories and establish order in England.
- He replaced feudal military service with "scutage" (a tax).
- Knights could stay on their land, and the king paid professional soldiers.
Henry II: Reform of Justice
- The king regained control of the justice system by creating travelling judges.
- The law administered was called common law.
- Common law was used everywhere, based on local customs, comparisons, and previous cases.
- It differed from the law used in other parts of Europe, such as Roman civil law and Canon law.
Henry II and Thomas Becket
- Henry II sought to diminish the Church's power and appointed Thomas Becket as Archbishop of Canterbury.
- Becket, however, became an opponent of the king after becoming Archbishop.
- The conflict between the king and Becket endured until Becket's murder by four knights sent by the king.
- Becket was declared a martyr and a saint.
The Magna Carta
- Henry II was succeeded by Richard I (Richard the Lionheart; 1189-1199), who spent little time in England.
- Richard's brother, John, became king in 1199. He lost French territories and raised taxes.
- In 1215, barons refused to pay scutage, rebelled against the king, and occupied London.
- King John signed the Magna Carta, a significant document.
The Magna Carta (Details)
- The Magna Carta guaranteed freedom for all people and protected ordinary people's rights.
- It established the basis of England's legal system, guaranteeing good and fair laws.
- It protected freemen from punishment without a proper trial.
The Birth of Parliament
- Kings of England had assemblies of nobles and important subjects (the Witan or council).
- During Henry III's reign (1216-1272), these assemblies were called, including bishops, barons, knights of the shire, and two representatives from towns.
- The transition to parliament from the king's council was gradual, culminating in the first English parliament, known as the Model Parliament, in 1295.
Conflicts and War
- Edward I conquered Wales but faced opposition from William Wallace in Scotland.
- Edward III launched a campaign in 1337 to reclaim lands in France due to French threats to the English wool trade market in Flanders.
- The resulting war with France lasted until 1453, known as the Hundred Years' War.
The Black Death (1348-1350)
- A terrible plague spread across Europe.
- Caused by fleas carrying parasites, living on rats—infested ships carried the disease.
- It killed about one-third of Britain's population.
Black Death: Consequences
- Depopulation of villages.
- Labour shortages.
- Workers could demand higher wages.
- Dramatic increase in food prices.
- The feudal relationship was transformed.
Lollardy
- The final years of Edward III's reign saw a religious reform movement called Lollardy.
- Led by John Wycliffe (1330-1384), an Oxford scholar.
- Lollards criticized corruption in monasteries and believed the church should resemble Jesus Christ's lifestyle—emphasizing poverty.
The Peasants' Revolt
- Edward III was succeeded by Richard II.
- Richard II introduced a poll tax (a tax levied on every adult without reference to income).
- A craftsman, Wat Tyler, led a revolt, and a huge crowd marched on London.
- Tyler and other leaders were killed, and the king executed others.
The Wars of the Roses (1455-1485)
- Fighting broke out in England after the war with France ended.
- Rival families (Lancaster & York) contended for the throne.
- Each family had a rose as their symbol—red for Lancaster, white for York.
- Richard III, the last Yorkist king, was killed by Henry Tudor in the Battle of Bosworth in 1485.
The Wars of the Roses (continued)
- Henry Tudor, now Henry VII, became the first Tudor king.
- He married Elizabeth of York to unite the two contending houses.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the Norman invasion of England, the reign of William the Conqueror, and key events of English history. This quiz covers significant rulers, legal changes, and conflicts that shaped medieval England. Dive deep into the events that occurred from the time of the Normans through the reign of King John.
