Community Empowering in Taiwan: 02-Policy of Community Empower.ppt PDF

Chapter 2 Community Empowering in Taiwan: Perspective of community change and institution innovation Sources: 黃麗玲 (2016)  Outline 一、 Introduction 二、 Process of Community Empowering 三、 Community Empowering in Taipei 四、 Case Analysis...

Chapter 2 Community Empowering in Taiwan: Perspective of community change and institution innovation Sources: 黃麗玲 (2016)  Outline 一、 Introduction 二、 Process of Community Empowering 三、 Community Empowering in Taipei 四、 Case Analysis 五、 New Challenges and getting started abroad to personal finances, work, and the quality of life, what is the rank for Taiwan as the best place for expats in 2023? (An expatriate, or expat, is an individual living and/or working in a country other than their country of citizenship) Top Findings for Expad Insiders #1 Mexico has continuously ranked in the top 5 since 2014. #2 Spain --Expats in Spain appreciate the leisure options & culture. #3 Panama --Housing in #3 Panama is both easy to find and afford #4 Malaysia #5 Taiwan --Healthcare in Taiwan is the most satisfied for expads.  Introducation ◆ In 1994, the Council of Cultural Affairs in Taiwan proposed the Policy of Community Empowerment( 社區總體營 造，簡稱社區營造）. It is the first time that Government gives funding to communities with the help of professionals, using grassroots participation to deal with public issues, including spatial rebuild or cultural preservation. II. Process of Community Empowering Policy Process of Community Empowering 1970~1993- Embryonic Stage Historical contexts 1994~2000 –Initiative Stage 2000~2008- Institutional Stage Current Development Embryonic Stage of CE （蕭新煌 1989 ）  Embryonic Stage (1/4) After WW II, Taiwan was no longer a Japanese colony Change of Government– Kuo-Ming Tang (KMT) came to govern Taiwan 228 event (big massacre) in 1947  Embryonic Stage (2/4) In 1949, KMT lost most of China due to civil war with the Communist Government enacted the Marshall Law The freedom of speech, forming a civic group, publication was prohibited Some people got more privileges than others. It was full of ideology in school education.  Embryonic Stage (3/4) Beginning in the early 1980s, many social movements emerged in Taiwan, expressing collective opinions to Government Politically, a group of people called themselves “Outside Party”(means illegal party) got together and asked for political rights for people.  Embryonic Stage (4/4) The Marshall Law was lifted in 1987 Because of skyracket of house price, civic organization( OURs ) started the movement called “Generation Rent”( 無殼蝸牛 ) in 1989 OURs means The Organization of Urban Re-s “Generation Rent” movement in 1989 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ka9MIFiS58Y 1980 年台灣擠身四小龍之林，伴隨各種社會運動 Social movement Crisis Crisi of s of identit livin y g  1994-2000 Initiative Stage These emerging community mobilization is to share goal. Our house and land is not defined by “value for exchange”( 交換價值 ) of capitalists, yet it is defined by “value in use”( 使用價值 ) （夏鑄九等， 2002 ） It is a reflection of the civil society on the “development dictatorship ” of the state. （ Watanabe ， 2008 ） The policy of community empowerment is full of cultural identity and social transformation  1994-2000 Initiative Stage The Council of Cultural Affair proposed “Community Empowerment Policy “ in 1994, it was seen as an important step to move toward localization by President Lee. （黃麗玲， 1995 ） For the meaning of community within the policy, it refers to neighborhood in cities or village in countryside. It was also commonly used in Japanese and English.  1994-2000 Initiative Stage According to Chen, Vice Chairperson of Council of Cultural Affair in 1994, the purpose of 「 Community Empowering 」 has a premise of building up the sense of community. （曾旭正， 2007 ） The relationship between government and community moves from authoritarianism toward “collaboration”. This is an innovation for society and government.  The Government had to untie the restriction on forming of civil organizations by the people. Social forces were released to a great extent, and it led to emergence of many non-profit organization (NPO), community associations, and cultural organizations.  There are two famous NPOs in the field of community empowering. Leaders in these NPOs also participated decision-making in related policy. In 1987, the Cultural and Educational Foundation of Hsin-kong was established in Chiayi County. It was initiated by a dancing performance of Clouds Gate led by Mr. Lin. Lin had donated the funding and hoped it would help to establish a foundation. The other one is Community Empowering Society establish in 1996..  1994-2000 年 Unfortunately, a huge earthquake happened in central Taiwan in 1999. The scale of earthquake was 7.2. Many casualities happened in Nantou, Taichung, Chuanhua, Yunlin, and Chiayi counties. 政府「九二一重建政策」，以長期（五年到十年）重建 計畫為核心，尊重地方意願及保有地方特色。促使行政 院接受「由下而上」、「民間參與」以及「永續發展」 的取向。由地方主導、民間參與、中央支援技術與經費。  2000~2008 - Institution Stage ◆ Since the year of 2000, Taiwan has went through a change of ruling party in the history. ◆ The new Government had set up a Commission of Community Empowerment, whose members were chief ministers in 12 Ministries.  2000~2008 - Institution Stage ◆ In 12 Ministries, each Ministry should propose a new policy project which is related to community empowering. For example, Environment Protection Administration ( 環保 署) Ministry of the Interior ( 內政部營建署 ) Council of Agriculture ( 農委會 )  2000~2008 - Institution Stage 2002 2002-2004 2008 2009-2013 2007 年 年 年 年 年 行政規劃挑 2008 新故鄉社區營造計畫 文建會以「地方文 文建會支援莫拉克 營建署創造 國家重點發展計畫 為基礎，而提出台灣 化生活圈」提升民 風災文化保存與重 台灣城鄉風 健康社區六星計畫 眾的文化參與 建，透過「社區營 貌示範計畫 照員」補助薪資擔 任重建  III. Community Empowerment inTaipei City  There are some innovation projects for Taipei City to carry out practices in community empowerment and community design. The policy in Central Government was affected by it. 1996-1999 年共有 88 件由社區主導規劃設計案，最 後成功進入施工有 58 件。  Project of Community Planner Accompanied by those community empowering projects, there was a need to cultivate “community planners” in order to carry out projects with the residents. Since year 2000, project of 「 Young Community Planner 」 started in Taipei City. People who are interest in community empowering can join the training program to learn professional knowledge and skills. IV. Case Analysis Community Empowering Cases with Success  兩個社區代表性案例 壹.社區營造時間點反應當時社會脈絡的特殊性，各階段社 區營造機制緊密結合，並持續至今。 貳.有多樣化的參與主體 : 在地社區、外來專業團體、及政 府相關單位的夥伴關係。 參.地域性的考量 : 城市型和鄉村型案例各一。  大理 - 糖廍社區 1764 年 ( 乾隆 29 年 ) 台灣彰化以北開 始有產糖紀錄，艋舺大理街附近地區在清 朝是 私人糖廍組織盛行、遍地栽植甘蔗的地貌 日治時期設立「台北製糖株式會社」後， 地景大幅轉變，成為以製糖工廠、交通輸 送軌道為主的產業區域，週邊居民多依賴 糖業或週邊產業生活。 大理 - 糖廍社區 光復後，都市計畫沿用日據時 期土地混合使用概念，附近劃 設為工業區。 糖廠由台糖公司接收後不久， 即停止製糖轉為倉儲使用。 40 年代中國時報社前身「徵信新 聞」接收台糖倉庫展開報業吸 1909 年日人創建北台灣 引週邊印刷產業的聚集。 第一座現代化製糖廠  大理社區從抗爭起家轉為社區營造 壹. 台北市最早發源萬華區大理街，離龍山寺 3 百公尺。從清朝到日 治時期，已經營製糖產業。 貳. 1911 年殖民政府於大理街成立台北製糖所後在附近興建台糖宿舍 參. 1970 至 1980 年代，市政府將台北市整體發展，把環境大型公共 設施設置於萬華，而引起居民反彈，認為自己是二等公民。 肆. 1997 年，大理街糖廍里的里長簽署同意西園醫院於社區建療養院 引起萬華大理街居民的抗爭。  大理社區從抗爭起家轉為社區營造 2000 年向糖廠借一小塊用地，運用社區環境改造計畫 與社區規劃師的資源進行參與式設計，專業者都市改革 組織的規劃師給予支援開闢「甘蔗公園」。在動員過程 中居民形成糖廍文化協會。 2009 年底台北市文化局宣布為「糖廍文化觀光園區」 。園區包括，甘蔗公園、三棟糖倉分別 : 社區文化館、 糖業博物館、台灣歌仔戲團「明華園」進駐藝文空間。  大理社區「糖廍文化觀光園區」 圖片出自 https://followmi.tw/blog/post/sugar-refinery-cultural-park  頗受親子歡迎的鄉土教育場域 - 糖業文化展示館 (A 倉 ) A 倉規劃「糖倉開門」糖業 文化特展彰顯糖倉保存意義 介紹台北糖廠的歷史故事及 城西產業發展軌跡。 2014 年前後，與地方商家 的第二代關懷地方的年輕人 發出地方經濟再生的新取向  Taomi Ecological Village Taomi Village is a small village located in Puli Town, Nantou County. Because of 921 earthquake, many houses collapsed and it was urgent to conduct the reconstruction work. Due to the principle of community empowering, the reconstruction work needed to incorporate local people, professionals and the government. Taomi Village began the reconstruction work with help from the New Hometown Foundation.  Taomi Ecological Village- Step --Village people were trained to 1 do ecological construction work --Building the park  Taomi Ecological Village-Step 2 - With help from experts in ecology, it is found that Taomi is a village full of biodiversity. - A series of ecology training courses were delivered in community. People who participated the training and passed the test can be a certified guide of ecology.  Ecology in Taomi Village 脛蹼琵蟌產 卵 Frog 23 kinds, dragonfly 51 kinds, birds 72 kinds ( 常見的青蛙有 23 種，蜻蜓及豆娘有 51 種，鳥類有 72 種 ，螢火蟲、桃實百日青、蓮花池柃木等珍貴動植物處處可 見)  Local Economy is vitalized During the season of fireflies, a lot of tourists came and visited the village. The homestay owners cooperate with ecological guides. So the local economy was revitalized.  Reflection of Taomi Community People in Taomi Village have developed the first “Ecological Village” in Taiwan with self awareness and professional support. One of the challenges for community is that there is no restriction on total amount of visitors. That will bring some threats. V. New Challenges  社區營造的新挑戰 1. 台灣社造政策反應快速但立法 1. 早期社會運動或社區營造的組織 的品質與速度卻緩慢 者以更多樣的模式、主題進行在 地工作，如在地農業、社會企業 2. 地方派系介入、政府與社區的 浮現新方向。 夥伴關係是否平等，專業者與 2. 台灣面臨環境與社會不永續的問 社區，組織良莠不齊。 題。有些社區致力於超越綠化或 3. 兩黨輪替與選擇文化下施政不 美化多觀念，以深度生態的概念 能延續的問題。 復育自然。並改變資本主義中消 費為主的生活模式。 （陳亮全， 2000 ）  Conclusion ‧ Policy of community empowering had promoted the way of residents involvement in local autonomy and economy. The mechanism of local autonomy or social enterprise also brought new challenges for community empowering.