Telemedicine & e-Health application PDF

Telemedicine & e-Health application Dr Muhamad Ashraf Rostam Health Management and Administration | AHSC & AHCC 1222 1 Video Apple Watch 2 “I think the biggest innovations of the twenty- rst century will be the inte...

Telemedicine & e-Health application Dr Muhamad Ashraf Rostam Health Management and Administration | AHSC & AHCC 1222 1 Video Apple Watch 2 “I think the biggest innovations of the twenty- rst century will be the intersection of biology and technology” (Steve Jobs, 2011) fi Human-Techno interaction Human-Techno interaction 4  Definition of Digital Health A broad umbrella term encompassing eHealth as well as developing areas such as the use of advanced computing sciences (in the fields of “big data”, genomics and artificial intelligence etc.). (WHO, 2018) https://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_ les/WHA71/A71_20-en.pdf 5 fi  Framework of Digital Health Digital health should be an integral part of health priorities and benefit people in a way that is ethical, safe, secure, reliable, equitable and sustainable. It should be developed with principles of transparency, accessibility, scalability, replicability, interoperability, privacy, security and confidentiality. WHO, Global strategy on digital health 2020-2025 6  Importance of Digital Health Impact the ways to deliver care Improve care delivery at lower healthcare costs Focus is managing populations, not mere individuals Assist in community health management 7 Digital technologies in Healthcare 1. Robot-assisted surgery 2. Electronic Medical Records (EMR) 3. Telemedicine/Telehealth 4. mHealth (mobile apps) 5. Wearable devices 8 The Vision : An Interoperable Health Ecosystem 9 1. Robot assisted technology Robot assisted surgery Supercomputer that translate the surgeon's movements into real-time micro-movements. Surgeon uses master controls (surgeon console) directing surgical instruments during surgery. 11  Way forward - Health service from a “distance” The computer translates the surgeon’s movements to the instruments that move exactly as the surgeon moves, inside the patients body. The surgeon is in control the whole time; the surgical system responds to the directions provided. 12 2. Electronic Medical Records (EMR) Introduction An electronic health record is the systematic collection of patient/population health information electronically stored in a digital format. These records can be shared across different health care settings. Course Outline Review Proposal : Digital Health in Dietetics 15  Definition by KKM Electronic medical record (EMR) is a term used to describe computer-based patient medical records. The term EMR has become expanded to include systems which keep track of other relevant medical information (such as registration, clinical laboratory results, pharmacy, nursing and kitchen). 16 Nationwide Rollout by 2026 https://www.thest r.com.my/news/n tion/ 2023/05/20/ iming-for-n tionwide-rollout-of-emr a a a a 18 http://ipesakit.iiummc.edu.my/ 19 20  Advantages of EMR 1. Secured information to authorised users. 2. Real time, immediate information. 3. Improve efficiency 4. Increase positive patient outcomes & population health Way forward - cloud based storage 21 3. Telemedicine Table of contents I. Definition II. Terms related to Telemedicine III. Telemedicine delivery model IV. Two categories of Teleconsultation V. Three medium to conduct Teleconsultation 23  i. Definition "Tele" is a Greek word meaning "distance "and medicine derived from "mederi" is a Latin word meaning "to heal”. Time magazine defined telemedicine as “healing by wire”. Telemedicine is the use of electronic information to communicate technologies to provide and support healthcare when distance separates the participants 24  i. Definition The provision of health services by health professionals, where distance is a critical factor, using information and communication technologies to exchange valid information for the purposes of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disease and injury, research and evaluation, and to facilitate the continuing education of health professionals, with the aim of safeguarding the health of individuals and communities. WHO, UNICEF Guide on Telemedicine 25  Case Study Patient bed-ridden, require weekly monitoring of blood biomarkers & vital signs. In week 4, patient showed acute symptoms that require on site medical assistance. Case Study Patient bed-ridden, require weekly monitoring of blood biomarkers & vital signs. In week 4, patient showed acute symptoms that require on site medical assistance. Row 1 : Describe the process of telemedicine Row 2 : Describe the process in week 4 Row 3 : Discuss the requirements of telemedicine Row 4 : Discuss the advantages of telemedicine Class Exercise : Find a partner next to you. Discuss the above. 28 Case Study Patient require remote consultation. In week 4, patient require on site medical assistance. Row 5 : Describe the process of telemedicine Row 6 : Describe the process in week 4 Row 7 : Discuss the requirements of telemedicine Row 8 : Discuss the advantages of telemedicine Class Exercise : Find a partner next to you. Discuss the above. 29  ii. Terms related to Telemedicine The WHO terminology of digital interventions in health systems, for the purpose of ensuring interoperability : 1. Tele-consultation : Consultation offered to the remote patient by healthcare providers 2. Tele-monitoring : Remote monitoring of patient's health status or medical data by healthcare providers 3. Tele-expertise : Remote exchange of medical opinions between two or more physicians confirming a diagnosis and/or establishing therapeutic management. 4. Tele-assistance : Provision of opinions or data in real-time by a doctor to a remote practitioner performing a medical act. 30  iii. Telemedicine delivery model Teleconsultation : Medical service carried out to the patient, who enters into discussion with the doctor remotely, by any means of communication, to determine the diagnosis, treatment and/or prevention of diseases/complications. Telemonitoring : Medical service that allows a doctor to remotely monitor and interpret the medical data that the patient sends by remote electronic communication for medical follow-up, adjustment of therapeutic management, lifestyle and hygienic-dietetic regime related to the care of this patient Telemonitoring is remote consultation (teleconsultation) of a repetitive nature. 31  https://www.unicef.org/romania/media/10891/ le/ A%20guide%20to%20telemedicine%20in%20primary%20healthcare.pdf 32 fi  iv. Two categories of Teleconsultation 1. Synchronous consultations: doctor and patient present simultaneously during consultation (e.g. videoconsultation or telephone consultation). 2. Asynchronous consultation: involves a delay in the exchange of information between doctor and patient (e.g. consultation via online form or online application). *Teleconsultation often employs the two modes together. Eg : Triage form (asynchronous) followed by a consultation in real time (synchronous) and the prescription is transmitted asynchronously. 33 v. Three medium to conduct Teleconsultation 35 Three medium to conduct Teleconsultation 36 RMIT and SHU offer postgraduate courses in digital health  Advantages of Telemedicine 1. Access to patient data Easy access to remote areas Providing timely and faster access. Maintenance of records and documentation 2. Home care monitoring and ambulatory monitoring Critical care monitoring where it is not possible to transfer the patient Remote patient vital parameters monitoring available to the physician 38 Advantages of Telemedicine 3. Minimise cost, patient transportation 4. Improves communications Between health providers separated by distance 5. Patient's safety, as well as health workers safety 39 Barriers of Telemedicine Medical Practitioner Patient Doctors are not fully convinced Patients' fear and unfamiliarity : and familiar with e-medicine. Lack of confidence about the outcome of e-Medicine. The technology and communication Lack of basic amenities costs being too high, sometimes make Telemedicine financially unfeasible Limited guideline & framework Technical constraints (software etc) Patients language literacy and digital literacy 40 4. mHealth  Definition (WHO) The use of mobile wireless technologies for public health, or Mobile health (mHealth), is an integral part of eHealth, which refers to the cost-effective and secure use of information and communication technologies in support of health and health-related elds. In general, ‘mHealth’ is the application of mobile devices, their components and related technologies to healthcare. 42 fi https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-0956-2 Screening tools 46 Mobile diagnostics 47 Mobile diagnostics 48  Digital health applications for m-Health Education and awareness Diagnostic and treatment support Disease and epidemic outbreak tracking Healthcare supply chain management Remote data collection Remote monitoring Healthcare worker telecommunication and training Telemedicine Chronic disease management 49 MindMap of Scope of Smartphone Applications in Eye Care 51  Class Exercise Search through your digital apps provider for health related applications. Choose one that you are interested in and report your findings based on the questions below. (10 minutes) 52  Social Media Nearly 80% of countries reported its use primarily to learn about health issues (WHO) Provide interaction of health care consumers, health professionals & organizations Examples : COVID-19 outbreak 53  5. Wearable technology Definition A device that is autonomous, noninvasive, and that performs a speci c medical function such as monitoring or support over a prolonged period of time. 55 fi  Wearable Biosensors It is a combination of wearable objects and biosensors. It can measure the blood glucose level, BP, heartbeat rate, and other biometric data to be constantly measured. The real-time information is then sent to the healthcare providers and there can be two-way communication. 56  IoMT (Internet of Medical Things) A system of medical devices and applications that connect to health care information system using networking technologies. It can be a combination of telemedicine, mobile technology, wearables, including ECG monitors. 57  Advantages Disadvantages Boost communication Expensive Provides multitasking features Uncomfortable / heavy Work remotely from anywhere Wired network restrictions Interaction between individual-machine Risk of data privacy breach 58 Thank you