PCM Notes PDF

Level 1 Sem 1 Dr: AG » By: A.G Page |0  Definition » » Importance of professionalism   →   By: A.G Page |1 ...

Level 1 Sem 1 Dr: AG » By: A.G Page |0  Definition » » Importance of professionalism   →   By: A.G Page |1  Commitments & elements of professionalism  » » » The three commitments: 1 To maintain 2 To sustain 3 To be responsive » The six elements: Principles of Professionalism  Principles are built upon the establishment of: To show professionalism you must be: By: A.G Page |2  Professionalism pyramid Traits of professionalism  10 + + + + + + + + + + Pillars of professionalism By: A.G Page |3 1 Responsibility & Accountability » » » » » »  N.B 2 Commitment to Excellence + + Def [ [ [ By: A.G Page |4 3 Respect for Others Def Applied to » What to do ?? 4 Honesty & Integrity » » 5 Care & Compassion » Caring, in the most basic terms Caring, in the professional context » To be compassionate is to: By: A.G Page |5  Professional vs unprofessional  Social responsibility » »  a desire to do good » By: A.G Page |6  Role of Students  Students need to commit to responsibilities as: + Seek & 1 accept 2 Commit + + 3 Be mindful + 4 Admit to + + 5 Refrain + Be 6 considerate & respectful Meet the + 7 expectations + Recognize 8 limitations » By: A.G Page |7  Level 1 Sem 1 Dr: AG By: A.G Page |0  2 PCM LEC 2 Telemedicine & E-professionalism Telemedicine Vs telehealth Telemedicine Telehealth Def Refers to Benefits to Healthcare Professionals BY A.G 1  2 PCM Benefits to patients Types of Telemedicine BY A.G 2  2 PCM 1 A Real-Time (two-way) Interactive Services     Example b Asynchronous exchange of relevant information Store-and-Forward Remote Monitoring About Examples       BY A.G 3  2 PCM 2 Video Audio Text Based 3 4 BY A.G 4  2 PCM Ethical issues when practicing telemedicine 1 2 3  4  5  6 BY A.G 5  2 PCM  How to deal with telemedicine case?  Elements to be considered before any telemedicine consultation: 1 Identification of Physician & Patient Patient identification A physician 2 Mode of communication    BY A.G 6  2 PCM 3 Patient consent  4 Exchange of information for patient evaluation    5 Patient Education & managment   6 Write & Communicate prescription  Challenges BY A.G 7  2 PCM E-PROFESHANLISM OF HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS Def Social Media & Social Networking Sites Social Networking Sites   Def Categories “ 5 groups” Benefits to HCPs Dangers to HCPs BY A.G 8  2 PCM Benefits of social media on E-Professionalism of Health Care Professionals Professional networking ↑ Professional education and training Patient education & health promotion BY A.G 9  2 PCM Dangers of Social Media on E-Professionalism of Health Care Profession Loosening accountability,  Compromising confidentiality,    Blurred professional boundaries,   Depiction of  unprofessional  behaviour,   BY A.G 10  2 PCM  legal issues  Barriers to using social media for Health Care Professionals: BY A.G 11  Level 1 Sem 1 Dr: AG By: A.G Page |0  3 PCM LEC 3 Reflection & self-regulation Def  Benefits of reflection Increase self- 1 awareness Improve 2 decision- making skills Encourage 3 Empathy Improve 4 communication Enhance lifelong 5 learning Improve critical 6 thinking BY A.G 1  3 PCM Gibbs' Model of reflection    six  Stages of Gibbs’ Reflective Cycle: 1. Description 2. Feelings 3. Evaluation BY A.G 2  3 PCM 4. Analysis 5. Conclusion 6. Action Plan Methods of Reflection Written Reflection  Group Reflection   Mentorship and feedback  Portfolio Reflection   BY A.G 3  3 PCM Barriers to reflection Time limitations Fear of judgement Emotional discomfort Lack of role models Remember the cycle & lets go for practice BY A.G 4  3 PCM During a practical session, you were tasked with Situation performing a medical procedure for the first time. 1 Reflect on your experience. 1 - Description:    2- Feelings:   3- Evaluation :   BY A.G 5  3 PCM 4- Analysis:   5– Conclusion:   6- Action plan :  BY A.G 6  3 PCM Situation You successfully diagnosed a rare condition in a patient. 2 Reflect on your experience. 1. Description:  2. Feelings:  3. Evaluation:   4. Analysis  5. Conclusion:  6. Action Plan  BY A.G 7  3 PCM self-regulation Def The Role of reflection & self-regulation    Importance of Self-Regulation: Continuous 1 Learning & Improvement 2 Adaptability Patient care & 3 safety  4 Well-being    BY A.G 8  3 PCM Phases of Self-Regulation    BY A.G 9  3 PCM MCQ BY A.G 10  Level 1 Sem 1 Dr: AG By: A.G Page |0  4 PCM LEC 4 Social Accountability & Student Wellbeing 1 INTRODUCTION    Spectrum of social obligation Responsibility Responsiveness Accountability BY A.G 1  4 PCM  social accountability  Def Social Accountability for Medical Students Refers to Aims to BY A.G 2  4 PCM Importance of Social Accountability  Social accountability is essential for medical students as it; 1 Promotes Patient-centered Care r r 2 Addresses Healthcare Disparities r    r BY A.G 3  4 PCM 3 Encourages Community Engagement r r 4 Reinforces Professional Integrity & Ethics r r 5 Supports A Commitment to Lifelong Learning r r BY A.G 4  4 PCM Challenges Of Social Accountability For Medical Students 1 Time constraints Lack of exposure 2 & awareness 3 Limited resources Resistance to 4 change How to overcome Challenges a Role of the Faculty Curriculum integration Community partnerships Flexible scheduling BY A.G 5  4 PCM B Role Of The students Community Engagement Research & Evaluation Self-Reflection & Continuous Learning  BY A.G 6  4 PCM 2 Dimensions of Wellness      ELEMENTS of Wellness r wellness toolkit r BY A.G 7  4 PCM  Elements of Wellness: Self-care 1 practices 2 Time management → 3 Seek support Set realistic 4 expectations Practice mindfulness & 5 stress reduction techniques Reflect and 6 practice self- reflection Maintain a work- 7 life balance Maintain 8 boundaries: BY A.G 8  4 PCM Create Your Wellness Routine: Suggestions 1 2 BY A.G 9  5 PCM Level 1 Sem 1 Dr: AG BY A.G 1  5 PCM LEC 5 Introduction to Ethics Ethics → Medical ethics → ETHICS & LAW ETHICS LAW BY A.G 2  5 PCM Key concepts in medical ethics 1) Respect self-determination or autonomy:     Mental capacity Honesty Confidentiality Harm and benefit Compassion BY A.G 3  5 PCM Fairness and equity Competence BY A.G 4  5 PCM Principlism Def Role pillars of principlism v The 4 pillars of principlism are: ‫ مهم جداا‬MCQ Respect for 1 Autonomy 2 Beneficence 3 Non-maleficence 4 Justice Types of Physician-Patient Relationship Therapeutic Formal BY A.G 5  5 PCM 1 Therapeutic relationship r r 2 Formal relationship r A third party has referred the patient for impartial medical examination, e.g.: BY A.G 6  6 PCM Level 1 Sem 1 Dr: AG BY A.G 0  6 PCM LEC 6 Physician duties and rights Physician's duties » Compulsory duties and Voluntary duties of the physician Compulsory duties Notification of: Reporting of: Responding to Voluntary duties Treat & continue to treat Obtain Obtain Issue Conduct Conduct 7) Inspect prisons Attend BY A.G 1  6 PCM Duties of a Physician towards Patients   Exercise reasonable degree of skills & 1 knowledge (competent) Attendance & 2 examination   Prescribe proper, 3 suitable, & approved medicines. 4 Control & warn 5 Instructions  6 Third parties BY A.G 2  6 PCM Sufficient 7 information 8 Consent  9 Investigations 10 Emergency cases BY A.G 3  6 PCM 11 Operations Professional secrecy 12 / confidentiality Maintaining the 13 medical record Conditions to release patient’s secrets without his consent BY A.G 4  6 PCM Duties of a Physician in Consultation The patient has the right to obtain a second opinion or choose someone else to provide a consultation or service. 1   2   3 4  BY A.G 5  6 PCM Responsibility of Physician towards colleagues 1 2 3 BY A.G 6  6 PCM Physician Privileges (rights) BY A.G 7  7 PCM Level 1 Sem 1 Dr: AG BY A.G 0  7 PCM LEC 7 Informed consent Mental capacity Def “Capacious” or “Competent” ‫قادر او كفء‬   1 2 3 4 5 BY A.G 1  ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪PCM‬‬ ‫‪Conditions in which the person lacks mental capacity‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ So , In case of lack of capacity‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫االستقاللية ‪Autonomy‬‬ ‫كل مريض له حرية القرار بشرط يكون فاهم كل حاجة وبالتالي هو المسئول عن قراره‬ ‫‪Def‬‬ ‫سواء كان بالقبول أو بالرفض وهو الذي يتحمل مسؤولية قراره‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪BY‬‬ ‫‪A.G‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬  7 PCM consent Def  key ‫كفاءة‬ elements ‫طواعية‬ ‫عن علم‬ Forms 1 Implied consent   2 Expressed consent  Oral/verbal consent Written consent Obtained for  BY A.G 3  7 PCM   Informed valid Consent  It implies the understanding of the patient of: Informed Refusal    BY A.G 4  7 PCM  General guidelines of consent : 1 2 3 4 5 Special situations When there is no nearest relative In criminal cases Female examination In rape Mass immunization BY A.G 5  7 PCM Donation of organ ‫وصية‬ after death Prenatal diagnostic procedures Autopsy Exceptions to informed consent BY A.G 6  7 PCM Therapeutic privilege  Def Blanket (open) consent BY A.G 7  PCM Level 1 Sem 1 Dr: AG BY A.G 0  PCM LEC Confidentiality (Professional Secrecy) )‫(السرية المهنية‬ Def ‫االفشاء‬  Include ‫المعلومات تخضع لواجب السرية‬  Confidentiality covers:   ‫المجالت و المستشفياااات‬ BY A.G 1  PCM Privacy & Confidentiality Privacy Confidentiality ‫جسم المريض‬ ‫معلومات المريض‬ Important Principles  ‫القانون‬  ‫موافقة المريض‬ The doctor  ‫يقاضى الدكتور‬ The ‫بإرادته‬ patient ‫ضرر للعيان‬ ‫مفيش مصلحة عامة‬ BY A.G 2  PCM Measures to protect patients ‘ privacy ‫اجراءات حماية خصوصية المريض‬   ‟ 1 2 3 Rooms & clothes 4 5 Lifts 6 3rd person 7 ‫االذن‬ 8 ‫الخصوصية‬ 9 10 11 Avoid 12  ‫اديله وقته‬ 13 BY A.G 3  PCM Patients’ information Information Measures to protect Email and fax ‫مشفره‬ ‫الزم مراقبه و تسجيل دخول‬ Electronic ‫االرقام السريه‬ records ‫تغير‬ ‫تمسح شاشة المريض السابق‬ ‫مكان امن‬ ‫تتبعها‬ Manual records All records  General measures: ‫الوصول للسجالت‬ Limit↓ ‫تبادل المعلومات بين الموظفين‬ Do not ‫اوعى‬ Set ‫توصل بسرعه‬ policies ‫تتعامل مع اى اختراق‬ BY A.G 4  PCM ( 30 ) ‫مادة‬ ‫ال يجوز للطبيب إفشاء أسرار مريضه التي اطلع عليها بحكم مهنته إال إذا كان ذلك بناء على قرار قضائي‬ -.‫أو في حالة إمكان وقوع ضرر جسيم ومتيقن يصيب الغير أو في الحاالت االخري التي يحددها القانون‬ Privileged communications Def ‫صاحب امتياز‬   ‫االلتماس‬ A doctor can disclose and discuss the medical facts of a case with other doctors and paramedical staff, such as nurses, radiologist and physiotherapist to provide better service to the patient. BY A.G 5  PCM  Conditions of permissible disclosure of professional secrets: ‫ امتى نفشى االسرار المهنيه؟‬ On the request of the patient himself:  1 ‫طلب‬  ‫المريض‬ For the sake of the patient: ‫مصلحة‬ 2  ‫المريض‬ For the sake of the public:  ‫مصلحة‬ 3 ‫المجتمع‬  For the sake of medical men: ‫مصلحة‬ 4  ‫الدكتور‬ In cases of expert witness:  5 ‫شاهد‬  BY A.G 6  PCM Level 1 Sem 1 Dr: AG BY A.G 0  PCM LEC Successful communication  Def  ‫حوار من طرف واحد‬ Includes  Aim of communication:  ‫نقل‬ ‫تستقبل و تفهم‬   ‫نقل فكره او شعور‬  ‫الكيفيه‬  ‫الطريقه نفسها بتفرق‬  Model of communication BY A.G 1  PCM  Sender Message Channel of communication Decoding Receiver Feedback Principles of communication  Communication is a series of learned skills which is based on 3 pillars: All combine to contribute to effectiveness of communication.  BY A.G 2  PCM Types of Communication 1 Verbal   KISS K I S S 2 Non-verbal  Facial expressions Gestures Eye contact Body postures Paralanguage Distance Touch Appearance BY A.G 3  PCM   Communication & medicine    BY A.G 4  PCM   6. Learn   How medical Communication is done?    ‫الموظفون المساعدون‬ ‫نتائج البحوث‬ ‫االداريين‬ ‫االدله فى المحكمه‬ Barriers to effective communication   ‫التعب و االجهاد‬ BY A.G 5  ‫‪PCM‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Active listening skills‬‬ ‫تركز‬ ‫تكرر‬ ‫واجه‬ ‫هز راسك ااااااوى‬ ‫اتكلم و ناقش اى حاجه‬ ‫خايف – وحيد – محبط – الم – مش مرتاح – قلقااااان‬ ‫‪BY‬‬ ‫‪A.G‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬  PCM Level 1 Sem 1 Dr: AG BY A.G 0  PCM LEC 10 Teamwork   team vs group A team A group TEAM rT E A M rT E A M  Key to team effectiveness: BY A.G 1  PCM Problems during teamwork  Effective teamwork can be eroded by a variety of problems: criteria of Efficient team member: Benefits of Teamwork Collective knowledge & Collective skills Stages of Team Development Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Stage 5 BY A.G 2  11 PCM Stage Name Character At this stage the team members: Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Stage 5 BY A.G 3  11 PCM Team ground rules 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 BY A.G 4  PCM Level 1 Sem 1 Dr: AG BY A.G 0  ‫‪PCM‬‬ ‫‪LEC‬‬ ‫‪Conflict‬‬ ‫‪Def‬‬ ‫‪ Within this simple definition there are several important understandings‬‬ ‫‪that emerge:‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Disagreement‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Parties‬‬ ‫‪involved‬‬ ‫الناس بتستجيب للتهديدات المتصوره و ليست الحقيقيه‬ ‫‪Perceived‬‬ ‫‪threat‬‬ ‫التصور مش حقيقه و لكن السلوكيات و المشاعر بتتغيرمن خالل التهديدات اللى بيواجهوها‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫الزم تفهم التهديد الحقيقى و تضع حلول و تتصرف بشكل بناء‬ ‫‪BY‬‬ ‫‪A.G‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬  ‫‪PCM‬‬ ‫‪Conflict Resolution Skills‬‬ ‫‪r‬‬ ‫مهم‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪r‬‬ ‫اضافة‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫→‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫→‬ ‫تحكم فى سلوكياتتك و عواطفك تتواصل بدون تهديد او خوف او معاقبه‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫احنرم االختالف و خليييييييك محترم بقى‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪BY‬‬ ‫‪A.G‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬  ‫‪PCM‬‬ ‫‪Four key conflict resolution skills‬‬ ‫‪r‬‬ ‫تخفيف التوتر بسرعه‬ ‫ظبط مشاعرك و كنترول ‪.‬‬ ‫المهارات بقى و حركات االيد‬ ‫روح الفكاهه و تتعامل مع التحديات‬ ‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪fifth‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫خطوة بخطوة‬ ‫حل الخالفات بطرق تبنى على الثقه و االطمئنان‬ ‫‪Conflict resolution skill 1‬‬ ‫‪Quickly relieve stress‬‬ ‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫االرهاق‬ ‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫الحواس‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫كل واحد ليه طريقته انه يهدى‬ ‫‪BY‬‬ ‫‪A.G‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬  PCM Conflict resolution skill 2 Recognize & manage your emotions. r r ‫تهدئه الخالفات‬ r   r → ‫اضافة‬ ‫هتقل قدرتك على الحل و مواجهة الخالفات‬: ‫لو كنت خايف من المشاعر القويه و مصر انك تالقلى حل عقالنى‬ Conflict resolution skill 3 Improve your nonverbal communication skills r r ‫اضافة‬ Conflict resolution skill 4 Use humor and play to deal with challenges r ‫المرح و الفكاهه‬ r  r ‫اضافة‬ 😉😉 ‫ ما محبه اال بعد عداوة‬, ‫اضحك و العب و اقلب المشكله و الصراع الى تواصل كويس‬ BY A.G 4  ‫‪PCM‬‬ ‫نصائح الداره و حل الصراعات‪Tips for managing & resolving conflict.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫اضافة‬ ‫النضج العاطفى‬ ‫ضبط النفس‬ ‫التعاطف‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫صعب محبط مخييييييييييف‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫التزام‬ ‫اولويه العالقه‬ ‫نركز فى دلوقتى‬ ‫اختار و شوف المشاكل بتاعتك‬ ‫مستعد للتسامح‬ ‫الزم تعرف تسيب ايه امتى ؟؟؟‬ ‫‪Make the‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪relationship your‬‬ ‫‪priority‬‬ ‫االستياء‬ ‫هتضعف‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪Focus on the present‬‬ ‫ركز فى دلوقتى‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪Pick your battles‬‬ ‫اضافة‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫الجدال‬ ‫ال يستحق العناء‬ ‫‪BY‬‬ ‫‪A.G‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬  PCM ‫لو مش هتقدر تسامح انسى انك تحل المشكله‬ ‫الحل بيكمن فى الرغبه فى‬ 4 Be willing to forgive ‫العقاب‬ ‫اضافة‬ ‫اللى عمره ما هيعوض الخسائر‬ 5 Know when to let something go  Managing and resolving conflict by learning how to listen: ‫اضافة‬          BY A.G 6  ‫‪PCM‬‬ ‫‪Emotional Intelligence‬‬ ‫اضافة‬ ‫تمنع تفاقم الموقف‬ ‫تفسير مشاعر الناس هتعرف تتواصل من غير استفزاز‬ ‫‪ The Five Skills of Emotional Intelligence:‬‬ ‫‪Skill 1‬‬ ‫تخفيف التوتر‬ ‫‪Skill 2‬‬ ‫الوعى العاطفى‬ ‫‪Skill 3‬‬ ‫التواصل الغير لفظى‬ ‫‪Skill 4‬‬ ‫التواصل المرح‬ ‫‪Skill 5‬‬ ‫حل النزاعات‬ ‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪BY‬‬ ‫‪A.G‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬  PCM Conflict Resolution Strategies r The Thomas-Kilmann Model of conflict resolution r ‫الحزم و التعاون‬ r : r ‫ فيه وقت معين الستخدام كل واحده‬.. ‫مفيش استراتيجيه صح و غلط‬  First, two steps you should consider: → 1) Set boundaries 1). ‫الخالف مش شخصى‬ ‫الحدود‬ ‫سريه المناقشه‬ ‫محدش ينفعل‬ 2) Have a third- ‫خايف من االنتقام‬ party weigh-in The Thomas-Kilmann Model of conflict resolution BY A.G 8  PCM BY A.G 9  ‫‪PCM‬‬ ‫‪The Thomas-Kilmann Model of conflict resolution‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫التنافس ‪Competing‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫االستيعاب ‪Accommodating‬‬ ‫”‪The opposite of competing‬‬ ‫تنازل بقى و دبلوماسيه‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫تجنب ‪Avoiding‬‬ ‫تخفيف الصراع‬ ‫اضافة‬ ‫تكبت‬ ‫مبتعبرش‬ ‫يكبر‬ ‫لغايه ما تتجاهله‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫اضافة‬ ‫مضايقات صغيره‬ ‫اخطاء مره واحده‬ ‫مشاكل اللى ممكن تكبر لو حددناها‬ ‫‪BY‬‬ ‫‪A.G‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬  ‫‪PCM‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫التعاون ‪Collaborating‬‬ ‫(‪(win-win problem-solving‬‬ ‫توافق الراى‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫المساومه ‪Compromising‬‬ ‫غير مرض بشكل عام‬ ‫التفاوض‬ ‫اضافة‬ ‫قاسيه‬ ‫اضافة‬ ‫الحل الوسط‬ ‫الحقائق المهمه‬ ‫اضافة قرار صح دلوقتى‬ ‫‪BY‬‬ ‫‪A.G‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬  12 PCM Level 1 Sem 1 Dr: AG BY A.G 0  12 PCM LEC 12 Physician- patient communication  Aim of doctor-patient communication: Effective Communication  Effective Communication is associated with:  Elements of Effective Communication with the patient: 1 Setting the stage 2 Eliciting information 3 Sharing information 4 Decision making 5 Support BY A.G 1  12 PCM  How to develop a good (Doctors - Patients’ Relationship): 1 Information Interactive 2 approach ↑ The helical  3 model 4 With patient BY A.G 2  12 PCM Questions to ask yourself after each consultation: r r r r r r r r r r Common Errors in Communication Non - verbal Listening Information Voice Attitude BY A.G 3  12 PCM Blocking Behaviors of Communication: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) BY A.G 4  PCM Level 1 Sem 1 Dr: AG BY A.G 0  PCM LEC Communication in cultural diversity definitions Cultural diversity r  Communication in cultural diversity r r Cultural competence r r BY A.G 1  PCM The importance of cultural competence in healthcare Understanding 1 & Respect Avoiding 2 misdiagnosis & treatment errors ↓↓ disparities in 3 healthcare outcomes Enhancing patient 4 Satisfaction Building 5 relationships & trust Facilitating effective 6 Teamwork Barriers to effective communication in cultural diversity  Language barriers  Stereotypes & biases Different perceptions of  time →  Errors in technology & communication tools  Lack of cultural  awareness & knowledge  Emotional & psychological barriers  Nonverbal  communication cues BY A.G 2  PCM  Cultural differences in nonverbal cues and gestures: Eye contact Hand gestures Facial expressions Touch Silence Posture & body language Solutions for overcoming language barriers      BY A.G 3  PCM strategies for improving cultural competence Self-reflection and 1 awareness Develop cultural 2 sensitivity Engage in cultural 3 immersion Seek feedback & 4 guidance Collaborate with 5 cultural experts 6 Practice empathy     BY A.G 4  PCM Cases 1) A patient's religious beliefs prohibit them from receiving certain medical treatments. How can the healthcare provider navigate this situation while ensuring the patient's well-being ? r 2) A healthcare provider notices that a patient from a different cultural background seems hesitant to make eye contact during conversations. How can the provider approach this situation? r 3) A patient from a different cultural background is hesitant to share personal health information due to cultural norms around privacy. How can the healthcare provider encourage disclosure while respecting the patient's cultural values? r BY A.G 5  PCM 4) A healthcare provider needs to explain a complex medical procedure to a patient who does not speak the same language. How can the provider effectively communicate with the patient ? r MCQ BY A.G 6  PCM BY A.G 7  PCM Level 1 Sem 1 Dr: AG BY A.G 0  PCM Dealing with Difficult Personalities LEC in the Workplace Introduction r r r r r r r r r r r r r r BY A.G 1  PCM Dealing with Difficult Personalities steps First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth  Finally      BY A.G 2  PCM  Levels of difficulty behviour: Difficult Challenging Toxic Winning Over Difficult People      Tips to winning over difficult people BY A.G 3  PCM Dealing with Aggressive - Difficult People  Be clear  Respond with a comment  Neutral location  Bring them out Asking third  person to be present Don’t  BY A.G 4  PCM Dealing with Passive - Difficult People  Character of passive peoples:   Strategy for dealing with passive-difficult people:  For example o o o Note that :  BY A.G 5  PCM Different personality types, characteristics, and coping strategies 1 Evil Ruler Characteristics Coping Strategies 2 Timid Mouse Characteristics Coping Strategies BY A.G 6  PCM 3 The Professor Characteristics Coping Strategies 4 Thumbs-Up Characteristics Coping Strategies BY A.G 7  PCM 5 Negative Nelly Characteristics Coping Strategies 6 Grumpy Cat Characteristics Coping Strategies BY A.G 8