World History Study Guide PDF

‭World History‬ ‭South Africa:‬ ‭Imperialism (how/why did Europe colonize Africa)-‬‭for resources‬ ‭Berlin Conference-‬‭European powers met to divide Africa -> 50 countries and separation of cultures‬ ‭Effects of Imperialism‬‭- disappearance of culture and oppression‬ ‭Paternalism-‬‭a system where...

‭World History‬ ‭South Africa:‬ ‭Imperialism (how/why did Europe colonize Africa)-‬‭for resources‬ ‭Berlin Conference-‬‭European powers met to divide Africa -> 50 countries and separation of cultures‬ ‭Effects of Imperialism‬‭- disappearance of culture and oppression‬ ‭Paternalism-‬‭a system where an authority regulates the conduct of those under its control.‬ ‭Mobutu‬‭- general who took over w/a bloodless coup d’etat, congo->Zaire, coalition government w/ET‬ ‭Leopold II‬‭- Belgium King who controlled Congo, “philanthropist,” trade monopoly, horrible ruler‬ ‭E.D. Morel‬‭- shipping clerk who exposed Leopold and got him removed from throne‬ ‭Leaders of Congo after‬‭- Joseph Kasavubu, Patrice Lumumba, Mobutu, Laurent and Joseph Kabila‬ ‭Rwandan Civil War‬‭-Hutus in Rwanda attacked Tutsis, both went into Congo, Mobutu ran away b/c Tutsi‬ ‭Steve Biko-‬‭martyr who died for the cause against apartheid, very vocal activist who was banned‬ ‭Donald Woods-‬‭white journalist who shared Biko’s story (was banned and exiled, but escaped)‬ ‭Boer War-‬‭South Africa rebelled against British, Gandhi formed Natal Indian Ambulance Corps to help‬ ‭Great Trek-‬‭Boers left after dissatisfactory compensation after end of British slavery and Xhosa conflict‬ ‭Laurent Kabila-‬‭banned free speech/free elections, blocked UN investigation, assassinated->son=president‬ ‭Desmond Tutu-‬‭archbishop who wanted to end apartheid, Truth and Reconciliation Commission head‬ ‭F.W. de Klerk-‬‭shared Nobel Peace Prize w/Mandela for being the African president to end apartheid‬ ‭Truth and Reconciliation Commission‬‭- after apartheid to give victims closure and perpetrators freed‬ ‭Apartheid‬‭- the system in Africa which favored whites over colored and separated the races/oppressed‬ ‭India:‬ ‭Sepoy Rebellion‬‭- the main cause was the soldiers being forced to bite cartridges coated w/animal fat‬ ‭(went against religion to do so)‬ ‭Partition of India-‬‭splitting of India for Indian independence from Britain, caused major wars over‬ ‭Kashmir (10 million people left, 1 million died) (split into India and Pakistan)‬ ‭Kashmir-‬‭the land that caused wars over who owned it; primary cause for conflicts today‬ ‭Amritsar Massacre-‬‭people peacefully protested against Rowlatt Acts, British murdered many -> Indians‬ ‭now wished for complete independence instead of partial self rule‬ ‭Rowlatt Acts-‬‭gave police the power to arrest w/o reason, and removed basic rights (Gandhi satyagraha)‬ ‭Ahimsa‬‭- non-violence, love and respect for all living beings‬ ‭Civil Disobedience-‬‭the duty to fight against unfair laws‬ ‭Boycott-‬‭to withdraw support of something in order to gain justice or reach a goal‬ ‭Sri Lankan civil war-‬‭resulted in the deaths of hundreds of thousands of people, displaced millions, India‬ ‭intervened and sent peacekeeping corps‬ ‭Jawaharlal Nehru-‬‭ally to Gandhi, key leader of the Indian National Congress and the Indian‬ ‭independence movement, became 1st prime minister after independence‬ ‭Mohandas Gandhi-‬‭raised as a Hindu in India, advocate for Indian independence using principles of‬ ‭ahimsa and nonviolence, traveled to South Africa (stayed for 20 years and became renowned)‬ ‭Muhammed Ali Jinnah-‬‭Muslim leader who wanted a separate Muslim State‬ ‭Jainism‬‭-sweep the ground,strain drinking water, vegetarian diet, wears a mask, avoids sudden movements‬ ‭Indian caste system-‬‭Brahmins=priests, Kshatriyas=rulers/warriors, Vaishyas=working, Shudras=slaves‬ ‭Buddhist 4 noble truths-‬‭suffering and sorrow part of life, cause of suffering is self-centered desires, to‬ ‭escape suffering you must not want, people can reach nirvana by following Middle Path‬ ‭Siddhartha Gautama‬‭- prince(Kshatriyas), sheltered, reached enlightenment after meditating‬ ‭Dharma‬‭- your duties to your caste and faith in order to rebirth well‬ ‭Hinduism main gods‬‭-‬‭Brahma‬‭forms universe,‬‭Vishnu‬‭goes to human world to save,‬‭Shiva‬‭the destroyer‬ ‭Hindu sacred animals-‬‭cows, snakes, elephants‬ ‭Sati‬‭- widows throw themselves on their husband’s funeral pyre and cremated w/him‬ ‭Untouchables‬‭- born out of caste system, did something atrocious in past life, outcasts‬ ‭Sikhism dress‬‭- steel bangle, loose underpants, comb, unshaven beard/uncut hair (turban), saber/sword‬ ‭Guru Granth Sahib-‬‭living guru, holy book (people consult it regularly)‬ ‭Islam meaning-‬‭“to‬‭surrender‬‭to the will of Allah”‬ ‭Islam‬‭- Shahadah(declaration to faith),Salah(prayer 5x),Zakat(alms),Sawm(fasting), Hajj(pilgrimage)‬ ‭Purdah‬‭- Muslim practice of keeping women hidden (cultural; not related to faith)‬ ‭Imperialism‬‭: the belief in an empire; trying to expand a territory outside of borders‬ ‭Imperialistic Motives:‬ ‭‬ ‭Economic: desire for money, trade, new markets, raw materials, cheap labor, etc.‬ ‭‬ ‭Political: desire for power, competition, land, prestige, nationalism‬ ‭‬ ‭Religious: desire to spread religion, protect missionaries, spread values, spread culture‬ ‭‬ ‭Exploratory: desire to explore unknown, scientific research, to investigate/adventure‬ ‭‬ ‭Ideological: based on beliefs that certain races are superior (essentially racist motive)‬