History: World War 1 PDF

History: World War 1 60s scoop Quebec separation 1995 referendum or religious symbols Cold war Womans rights or gender roles Blitzrieg Indigenous people Black activism M-iliterism : The policy of building up armed forces A-lliances : Triple entente, triple alliance I-mperialism : Expandin...

History: World War 1 60s scoop Quebec separation 1995 referendum or religious symbols Cold war Womans rights or gender roles Blitzrieg Indigenous people Black activism M-iliterism : The policy of building up armed forces A-lliances : Triple entente, triple alliance I-mperialism : Expanding land and colonies N-ationalism : Creates the feeling countries are better than others Alliances: 1907 Triple Entente: France, Britain and Russia 1882 Triple Alliance: Italy, Austria-Hungary, Germany The Spark: - - Summer of 1914: June 28 - Assassination July 23 - Austria sends ultimatum to Serbia July 25 - Austria rejects July 30 - Russia mobilizes July 31 - Germany demands Russia demobilize August 1- France and Germany mobilize, Germany declares war on Russia, Italy declares neutrality August 3 - Germany declares war on France, Belgium did not allow Germany to walk across their land August 4 - Germany invades Belgium to get to France, Britain declares war on Germany The Schlieffen plan: - - - - - - Soldiers: Who were the Canadians? - - - The Rest Were: - - - - - The Trenches: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Punishment in The Trenches: - - - Field Punishments: - Canada: - - - - - Vimy ridge: It was a significant battle fought between Canada and Germany from April 9th to 12th in 1917. The German army heavily fortified the ridge and Canada\'s success in capturing it was a significant victory often known as a defining moment in Canadian history - - - - - - - - - The war ended on November 11, 1918 Propaganda: - A type of message that serves an agenda. ---------------------------------------- - It is most commonly used for the political context. --------------------------------------------------- - They used posters to: - - - - Why posters: - - - - Government support: - - Tricks used: - - - - - - - The Second Battle of Ypres: - - - - - - Battle of Somme: - - - - - - - Battle of Passchendaele: - - - - - - Canada's Hundred Days: - - - Why did so many Indigenous people join the war efforts: - - - - - - War on the Home Fronts: - - - - The last 100 days: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The Treaty of Versailles: - - - Some of the terms to Germany were: - - - - - Canada and the League of Nations: - - The effects of WW1 on Canada and the world: - - - - - - - - - Why did so many Indigenous people join the war effort when Canada had not treated them well? - - - - - **[Unit 2]** **Changing Social Attitudes - 1920's:** 1. - - - 2. **Women in the 1920's:** **Fashion:** - - - - - - - - **Women and Social Change:** - - - **Prohibition:** - - - - **Jazz:** - - - - - **Movies:** - - **Appliances:** - **Radio:** - - - - **Cars:** - - - **1912 election:** - - - - **The Chanak Affair 1922:** - - - **The Halibut Treaty 1923:** - - **The Balfour Report 1926:** - - - **The Statute of Westminster 1931:** - - - **1920s Social change - People:** Problems: - - Immigration: - - - - - Chinese Exclusion Act (1923-47): - - - Women and Equality: - - - **Business cycle:** **Trade Balance:** - - - - - - **Protectionism:** Protecting a country\'s resources and economy by using tariffs **Free Trade:** Policy where nobody interferes with imports or exports (NO TARRIFS) **Stocks:** Investments in companies \*New businesses are starting and ppl want to invest in stocks\* \*People who previously bought stocks have had theirs increased\* Unit 3: The Great Depression causes: - Over-production & over-Expansion: - - Canada\'s dependence on few prime products: - - - Canada\'s dependence on the USA: - - High tariffs choked off international trade: - - Too much credit: - - The great depression in Canada: - - - - - - - On-to-Ottawa Trek: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Politics in the 1930s: - - - 1. 2. 3. The rise of new leaders and ideas in Europe during †he 1930s Totalitarianism: - - - - - - - - Communism - - - - Fascism - - - - - Nazism - - - - - Nazi military state - - - - - - - Steps to war: Appeasement and failures of the League of Nations Appeasement: The policy of giving in to an aggressive country\'s demands, even if it breaks existing treaties or international law, to avoid war. League Of Nations: International peacekeeping organizations were set up after WW1 to keep world peace, settle disputes and ensure there would never be another world war. It was US President Woodrow Wilson\'s idea. Key member countries: Britain, France, Italy and Japan Not a member: USA, Soviet Union (not allowed to join), Germany (not allowed to join). War timeline: 1931: Japan invades Manchuria - 1933: Germany rearms - 1936: Mussolini invades Abyssinia - 1936: Hitler occupies the Rhineland - March 1938: Germany annexes Austria - - September 1938: Munich Agreement signed - - October 1938: The Rome-berlin Axis Pact is signed - - - March 1939: Hitler occupies Czechoslovakia - August 1939: Germany and the soviet union signed a non-aggression pact - - September 1 and 3 1939: Hitler invades Poland - Britain and France declared war on September 3, 1939. Canada declares war on September 10. World War II: - Canada declares war: - - - - - - - - - Blitzkrieg: - - - Poland: - - - - The phony war: - - Maginot line: - - The phony war ended: - - The Miracle of Dunkirk - - - - - The Fall of France: - - - Operation Sea Lion: - - The air assault: - - - - - - - - - - The Battle of Britain: - - The Atlantic: - - Japan's Imperialism - - - - - - - Dieppe Raid/Operation Jubilee: - - - - Dieppe Raid: - - - - Trouble on The Beach: - - - - - - - - - - Home front: Total war - - - Economy - - - - Women - - - - Women in the army - - - - Rationing - - - - - The social safety net - - Conscription - - - - Enemy aliens - - - - - - - - The Atom Bomb How was it justified? - How was it not justified? - Pearl Harbor 194: - - - War in the Pacific 1942-1945: The USA slowly defeated the Japanese army (in places such as the Philippines). Over 100,000 US military personnel had died by 1945 but Japan had not surrendered and the US army was not on mainland Japan yet. Japanese soldiers would not surrender, and kamikaze pilots suicide bomb US ships. Manhattan Project: - - A new president & a new weapon: Interpretation 1: Military Weapon - - - Interpretation 2: Revenge - - Interpretation 3: Frighten the Russians - - - - - - - Interpretation 4: To Test the Weapon - - - - The Origins of the Cold War How did the Cold War develop: In May 1945 the Allies (USA, Britain, Canada and USSR) were celebrating Victory in Europe. By 1949 Europe (and increasingly the world) was divided into 2 armed camps, hostile to each other and with the capability to use nuclear bombs to destroy each other. Traditional War: - - - Cold War - - - 1945 -- US detonates atomic bomb 1949 -- USSR detonates an atomic bomb 1952 -- US detonates hydrogen bomb 1953 -- USSR detonates hydrogen bomb February 1945: The Yalta Conference - - - - - - Conflict between East and West Begins: Germany was split into two countries: - Berlin was separated too - The "Iron Curtain" The divide between the democratic/capitalist West and communist East in the world - - - Soviet dominance of Eastern Europe 1945: The Russians remembered past wrongs (the Allied intervention in their fledgling revolution and the brutal Nazi invasion) and were suspicious of the West As the German army was driven out of Russia, Stalin was determined to establish a protective buffer zone between the Soviet Union and the nations of Western Europe. The Soviet army did not just defeat Nazi Germany, it helped establish Communist regimes in Eastern Europe. Potsdam Conference July 1945: - - - - - Truman Doctrine 1947: - - - Truman Doctrine: America to help "free peoples subjugated by armed minorities or outside pressures" - - - Marshall Plan 1947: - - - - Berlin Blockade 1948: Most of Eastern Europe is under Soviet control Germany has been divided into four zones of occupation: British, French, American and Soviet Stalin decides to cut supply lines to West Berlin to force the Allies out A blockade of Berlin starts and yet the city is supplied by air. This monumental airlift lasted 11 months and was a success (2.3 million tons of food, fuel and supplies delivered). West Berlin does not fall to the Soviets The result of the crisis is an intensification of the US-Soviet rivalry (America increases its nuclear arsenal and the arms race kicks into high gear) NATO 1949: North Atlantic Treaty Organization is formed in response to Soviet aggression America's first peacetime military alliance includes Canada, Britain and other Western European countries An attack on one member would be treated as an attack on all. In response in 1955 a rival- Communist- organization, the Warsaw Pact, is officially formed (USSR, Poland, East Germany and other Eastern Bloc countries). Canada, the UN and the Cold War 1945-1962 ========================================= In 1945 the United Nations was created: In 1945, representatives of 50 countries met in San Francisco at the United Nations Conference on International Organization to draw up the United Nations Charter. Those delegates deliberated on the basis of proposals worked out by the representatives of China, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States at Dumbarton Oaks, United States in August-October 1944. The representatives of the 50 countries signed the Charter on 26 June 1945. Igor Gouzenko 1945: - - - - - A Canadian Cold War policy: - place in Canada A Canadian Cold War policy - - INTERNATIONALISM - - - COLLECTIVE SECURITY - - - - Peacekeeping 1956: - - - - - - - - peacekeeping roles (Cyprus etc.) Berlin Blockade 1948: - - - - - - The Red Scare 1949: - - - - - - - - House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) - - - - - - McCarthyism (in Canada too) in the early 1950s - - - - "the black madness of the witch hunt" Korean War 1950 - 1953 - - - - - - NORAD 1958 - - - - Planes, Missiles and Controversy 1959 - - - - - - - Berlin Wall 1961 - - - - - Cuba: Bay of Pigs 1961 - - - - - - Cuban Missile Crisis 1962 - - - - - - - - The Architect: "Mike" Pearson - - - - HOWEVER - - - - The 1950s Baby Boom =================== The post-war years in Canada were the era of the.... BABY BOOM - - The Economy: - - Technology: - - TV: - - - Consumerism: - - National Housing Act - 1944 - - - The Beginning of Teens: - - - Music - - - - - Men vs. Women: - - - Females were taught - - - - A growing nation - - - - - The October Crisis and Quebec independence Quebec and Canada 1914 -1945 - - - - The Problems facing Quebec after 1945: - - - - - - - - Maurice Duplessis and the Union Nationale: - - - - Duplessis's Four Straight Terms - Among his most famous autonomist moves were: -the rejection of fiscal arrangements in the post-war period, -the refusal of federal grants to universities (this will be important later on!) -the creation of a provincial income tax scheme (which exists to this day) The Duplessis government was at the same time staunchly conservative in social and economic affairs. Duplessis's Economic Policy - - - The "First Shot" - - - Cultural Isolation - - - - - - Jean Lesage et la Revolution Tranquille: The Quiet Revolution - - - - - Maîtres Chez Nous - - - - The Lesage program sought to: - - - - - - The Emancipation of French Canadians The Lesage Liberals immediately plunged Quebec into a policy of emancipation, under the name of the Quiet Revolution. Lesage made the provincial government the most important champion of Francophone culture. His was an activist government which created: - - - - How did Lesage directly challenge the legacy of the Union Nationale? Violence in Quebec - - - - The Bi and Bi Commission Reports - - - - The Sovereignty Movement - - Terror as a Tool for Independence - - Trudeau and Quebec 1968 - - - - Problems With Bilingualism - - - Robert Bourassa Takes Power in Quebec The FLQ - - - What drastic actions did they commit to achieve these goals? - - - - The October Crisis - - - - - - "Just Watch Me" - - - The rationale 1970 - - - - - The denouement - - - - Quebec 1970-2000s Rene Levesque and the Parti Quebecois - - - - - - Etapisme & a PQ victory - - - Levesque and Bill 101 - - - - Bill 101 - - - - - - Recent Changes in Quebec - - - Summary - - - - A Canadian Cold War policy - - INTERNATIONALISM - - - COLLECTIVE SECURITY - - - - Peacemaker, Peacekeeper, Peacebuilder Peacemaker: Helping to end an active conflict. Peacekeeper: Ensuring that a conflict does not restart, maintaining a ceasefire between 2 sides. Peacebuilder: Helping a country rebuild after a period of conflict, helping the creation of a strong, stable political governance. Korean War 1950 - 1953 - - - - - - Peacekeeping 1956 Canada has long played a continuing role in global peacekeeping operations - - - - - - - NORAD 1958 - - - - Planes, Missiles and Controversy 1959 - - - - - - - Vietnam 1964-1973 - - - - - Iraq 1991 - - - - - Bosnia 1992 - - - - - Somalia 1993 - - - - - Rwanda 1994 - - - - - Kosovo 1999 - - - - - Afghanistan 2002 - - - - A Just Society? Trailblazers, Resistance and Social Change Black Activism in Canada after WW2 What is a trailblazer? A pioneer, sis somebody who\'s willing to take risks and go in a path that isn\'t already there. They blaze a trail and leave a path for others. What is resistance? The refusal to accept or comply with something; the attempt to prevent something by action or argument. What is social change? Any significant alteration over time in behaviour patterns and cultural values and norms. It can be characterized by changes in cultural symbols, rules of behaviour, social organizations, or value systems. Segregation in Canada - - - - - - Black Railway Porters in Canada - - - - - - - - Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters - - - - - Discrimination on the Job - - - Self Advocacy through the Union - - - - Post-War Indigenous Issues and Resistance Indian Act - - - - RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS - - - STRUCTURE OF SCHOOLS School life was modelled after military life. - - - - - OUTCOMES - - - - LIFE ON RESERVES DURING THIS TIME - - - - - 60s Scoop - - - The White Paper (1969) - - - To this end, the white paper proposed to - - - - - - - The Red Paper (1970) - - - - Oka Crisis (1990) - - - -