UEBA2213_1_Production_of_Building_1_of_4_Construction_Plant_And_Equipment.pdf

UNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN LEE KONG CHIAN FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE (LKC FES) DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND SUSTAINABLE DESIGN (DASD) UEBA2213 CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY III Construction Plant and Equipment  CONSTRUCTION PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 1...

UNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN LEE KONG CHIAN FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE (LKC FES) DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND SUSTAINABLE DESIGN (DASD) UEBA2213 CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY III Construction Plant and Equipment  CONSTRUCTION PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 1 DEFINITION Construction Plant - heavy machinery and equipment used during construction works. - construction plant is generally re- useable. (source: https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk) Construction Equipment - a set of tools used for a single purpose. (source: https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk)  CONSTRUCTION PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 2 FACTORS ON SELECTION Site conditions/characteristics  Soil and profile  Climatic conditions (source: coastalcottageobx.com)  CONSTRUCTION PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 2 FACTORS ON SELECTION (source: www.directindustry.com) (source: www.pikist.com) (source: www.colourbox.com) (source: www.forconstructionpros.com)  CONSTRUCTION PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 2 FACTORS ON SELECTION Equipment applications  Type of applications  Features/ specifications (source: giuffre.com) (source: www.bigrentz.com)  CONSTRUCTION PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 2 FACTORS ON SELECTION Project requirements  Work programme/schedule  Lead times  Quality of work (source: adamrenovationsltd.co.uk) (source: www.probuilder.com)  CONSTRUCTION PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 2 FACTORS ON SELECTION Economic considerations  Owning costs  Operating labour costs  Operating fuel costs  Maintenance costs  Insurance  Continuity of use (source: https://www.trustcapitalusa.com) (source: www.construction-property.com) (source: www.forconstructionpros.com)  CONSTRUCTION PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 2 FACTORS ON SELECTION Logistics considerations  Access, segregation and diversions.  Storage and theft (source: www.roofingtoday.co.uk) (source: moduloc.ca)  CONSTRUCTION PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 2 FACTORS ON SELECTION Labour consideration  Availability of trained labour (source: www.killmoreplantservices.com.au)  CONSTRUCTION PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 2 FACTORS ON SELECTION Safety requirements  Site Safety (source: dreamcivil.com) (source: www.todayonline.com)  CONSTRUCTION PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 2 FACTORS ON SELECTION Environmental considerations  Carbon emissions  Nuisance (noise, vibration, dust and etc.) (source: blog.interface.com) (source: www.arcoservices.co.uk)  CONSTRUCTION PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 2 FACTORS ON SELECTION Authority requirements  Relevant Statutory  Standards  Regulations  Guidelines (source: www.dosh.gov.my)  CONSTRUCTION PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 2 FACTORS ON SELECTION Uniform Building By-Laws  Part II (Submission of Plans For Approval) By-Laws 19. Temporary permit (1) A temporary permit for a limited period may be issued by the local authority for the following purpose: (b) the erection of a builders’ working shed or a store or other shed to be used in connection with building works; (c) the depositing of building materials on streets; (d) the erection of scafffolding on a street; (f) the erection of hoarding on streets in accordance with by-law 20. By-Laws 21. Materials not to be deposited in a street without permission. (1) No person shall deposit any building materials in any street without a temporary permit issued under by-law 19. (3) The person to whom such permit is issued shall at his own expense cause such materials to be sufficiently fenced and enclosed until the materials are removed or otherwise made secure to the satisfaction of the local authority. (4) Such material shall be suitably lighted during the hours of darkness and watchman shall be employed to ensure that this is done.  CONSTRUCTION PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 2 FACTORS ON SELECTION Uniform Building By-Laws  Part IV (Temporary Works In Connection With Building Operations) By-Laws 48. Commencement of building operation. (2) Construction of any building shall not commence unless a protective hoarding to the requirements of the local authority is erected to separate the building from the public street or footway. By-Laws 49. Responsibility of persons granted temporary permits, The person to whom the temporary permit is granted shall be responsible for- (c) painting the ends of the hoardings white and for having the ends of hoardings and railings suitably marked by red warning lights throughout the night; By-Laws 51. Vehicular access to site. Vehicular access to the site may be restricted to specified hours to avoid obstructing the flow of traffic if found to be necessary.  CONSTRUCTION PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 3 TYPES OF EQUIPMENTS  Earthwork Equipments  Concreting Equipments  Hoisting Equipments  CONSTRUCTION PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 4 EARTHWORK EQUIPMENTS AND SELECTION CRITERIA Types  Backhoe  Front shovel  Dragline  Hydraulic Clamshell  Dozers  Roller compactor  Scraper  Dumper  Grader (source: www.topmarkfunding.com)  CONSTRUCTION PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 4 EARTHWORK EQUIPMENTS AND SELECTION CRITERIA Backhoe  Also called ‘rear actor’ or ‘ back actor’  Earth moving equipment  Digging holes and trenches  Excavation  Landscaping  Breaking up of concrete, or asphalt  Loading and unloading materials  Leveling uneven ground/ road (source: www.constructionequipmentguide.com)  CONSTRUCTION PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 4 EARTHWORK EQUIPMENTS AND SELECTION CRITERIA Front shovel  Excavation of any kind of soil  Digging and loading earth or fragmented rock  limited to an exacation depth of 300-400mm below their own track or wheel level (source: www.truck1.eu)  CONSTRUCTION PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 4 EARTHWORK EQUIPMENTS AND SELECTION CRITERIA Dragline  Best suited to bulk excavation in loose or waterlogged soils below its own track level. (source: www.designingbuildings.co.uk)  CONSTRUCTION PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 4 EARTHWORK EQUIPMENTS AND SELECTION CRITERIA Hydraulic clamshell  Excavation of foundation pits of building foundations  Used for deep confined excavation in pits and trenches  Suited for excavation of very loose soils (source: www.gochinaht.com)  CONSTRUCTION PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 4 EARTHWORK EQUIPMENTS AND SELECTION CRITERIA Dozers  Mainly assist with pushing, digging, excavating and leveling materials like soils and debris at work site  Also used for clearing vegetation and small trees  Acting as a towing tractor (source: www.bigrentz.com)  CONSTRUCTION PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 4 EARTHWORK EQUIPMENTS AND SELECTION CRITERIA Roller compactor  Used for compaction of earth and other materials (source: www.bigrentz.com)  CONSTRUCTION PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 4 EARTHWORK EQUIPMENTS AND SELECTION CRITERIA Scaper  Used to cut, collect and move large quantities of spoil across sites.  Also used for site levelling, loading and hauling. (source: www.designingbuildings.co.uk)  CONSTRUCTION PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 4 EARTHWORK EQUIPMENTS AND SELECTION CRITERIA Dumper  Most suitable for sites where large amounts of material needs to be transported over distances both on and off site (source: https://basiccivilengineering.com)  CONSTRUCTION PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 4 EARTHWORK EQUIPMENTS AND SELECTION CRITERIA Grader  Mainly used to level/flatten the soil surface.  Removing unnecessary soil layer from the ground.  While dozer is used for rough grading on construction projects, the grader is primarily used to finish grade. (source: https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk)  CONSTRUCTION PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 4 EARTHWORK EQUIPMENTS AND SELECTION CRITERIA Selection Criteria  Quantities of material to be excavated.  Type and condition of the soil.  Weather conditions.  Speed of excavation required.  Depth of excavation  Material disposal method. (source: www.pinclipart.com)  CONSTRUCTION PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 5 CONCRETING EQUIPMENTS AND SELECTION CRITERIA Types  Concrete batching and mixing plant  Concrete mixers  Concrete mixing transport trucks  Concrete pumps (source: www.constrofacilitator.com)  CONSTRUCTION PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 5 CONCRETING EQUIPMENTS AND SELECTION CRITERIA Concrete batching and mixing plant  Mainly used for mixing large quantity of concrete (source: en.wikipedia.org)  CONSTRUCTION PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 5 CONCRETING EQUIPMENTS AND SELECTION CRITERIA Concrete mixers  Mainly used for mixing small quantities of concrete (source: www.homestratosphere.com)  CONSTRUCTION PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 5 CONCRETING EQUIPMENTS AND SELECTION CRITERIA Concrete mixing transport trucks  used to mix concrete and transport it to the construction site (source: www.globalsources.com)  CONSTRUCTION PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 5 CONCRETING EQUIPMENTS AND SELECTION CRITERIA Concrete pumps  Used for transfering freshly mixed liquid concrete to the location on a construction site where it is needed (source: www.autocartruck.com)  CONSTRUCTION PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 5 CONCRETING EQUIPMENTS AND SELECTION CRITERIA Selection Criteria  Site characteristics (boundary conditions, noise limitations, etc.)  Availability of equipment (locally, on rent or owned by the contractors)  Continuity of operation  Weather conditions  Temporary works  Time restrictions  Concrete specifications (source: www.pinclipart.com)  CONSTRUCTION PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 6 HOISTING EQUIPMENTS AND SELECTION CRITERIA Types A) Hoists  Boom hoists/lifts  Chain hoists  Electric hoists  Tractor hoists B) Cranes  Derrick Crane  Mobile Crane  Tower Crane (source: www.gruasyaparejos.com)  CONSTRUCTION PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 6 HOISTING EQUIPMENTS AND SELECTION CRITERIA Boom hoists/lifts  Used to provide platform supported by some form of an extension and mounted on a vehicle  Help with everthing from moving materials during the early stages of a project to lifting workers to hard-to-reach areas to making fine finishing details (source: dozr.com)  CONSTRUCTION PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 6 HOISTING EQUIPMENTS AND SELECTION CRITERIA Chain hoists  Common example of hoist system and can be seen at most of the construction and industrial purposes  Consists of chain rope and pulley that is used to move the load from up to down (source: www.seagullhoist.com)  CONSTRUCTION PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 6 HOISTING EQUIPMENTS AND SELECTION CRITERIA Electric hoists  Modernised form of chain and boom hoist mostly used in the industries for fast working  Popular in material handling industries because it saves labour costs by handling maximum loads at a time with no damage threats (source: www.gruasyaparejos.com)  CONSTRUCTION PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 6 HOISTING EQUIPMENTS AND SELECTION CRITERIA Tractor hoists  Consists of a boom that is attached with base of tractor and a hook with robe is installed on this boom that can operate through driver controls (source: constructionmachineryblog.blogspot.com)  CONSTRUCTION PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 6 HOISTING EQUIPMENTS AND SELECTION CRITERIA Derrick Crane  Preferably for high-rise and apartment buildings  Can be used for both long term and short term projects  Cheaper than mobile and tower cranes  Not considered to be safe  Used when clearance is inadequate for the other units and sufficient space is (source: www.okorder.com) unavailable for the erection of a tower foundation  CONSTRUCTION PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 6 HOISTING EQUIPMENTS AND SELECTION CRITERIA Mobile Crane  Adequate for all types of structure (up to 107m)  Used for shorter projects duration  Not considered to be very safe due to lack of safety devices or limited switches to prevent overloading  Can operate in muddy terrain but requires good ground conditions  Needs adequate operating (source: dailybayonet.com) clearance  CONSTRUCTION PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 6 HOISTING EQUIPMENTS AND SELECTION CRITERIA Tower Crane  Preferable for high-rise (over 107m)  Used for longer project duration  Considered to be very safe due to the presence of limit switches  Can operate where ground conditions are poor  Does not need adequate operating clearance (source: www.simscrane.com)  CONSTRUCTION PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 6 HOISTING EQUIPMENTS AND SELECTION CRITERIA Cranes Selection Criteria 1) Building Design 4) Economy  Building height  Cost of move in, setup, and move  Project duration out  Cost for rent 2) Capability  Productivty  Power supply  Load lifting frequency 5) Site Conditions  Operators visibility  Soil stability and ground conditions 3) Safety  Access road requirement and  Initial planning and engineering site accessibility  Operating clearance  CONSTRUCTION PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 7 REFERENCES https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk http://gn.dronacharya.info https://en.wikipedia.org https://www.stevensec.com https://www.gochinaht.com https://www.bigrentz.com https://theconstructor.org https://www.munichre.com https://dozr.com