SSN 101 Exam 2 Test Plan PDF

**Exam 2 Test Plan** **Learning Objectives** 1. Explore the Code of Ethics related to the nursing profession. 2. Discuss values and their role in ethical decision making. 3. Discuss the relationship of ethical and legal practice to the role of nurses. **Questions to guide your study...**...

**Exam 2 Test Plan** **Learning Objectives** 1. Explore the Code of Ethics related to the nursing profession. 2. Discuss values and their role in ethical decision making. 3. Discuss the relationship of ethical and legal practice to the role of nurses. **Questions to guide your study...** 1. Describe how the nursing Code of Ethics applies to different aspects of nursing practice. The nursing code of ethics guides nurses in providing compassionate care advocating for patients, collaborating with healthcare team, maintaining accountability, and ensuring fairness and respect for all patients. 2. Define veracity, fidelity, beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, and justice and provide an example of each. - Veracity: telling the truth -For example: If a patient asks about the side effects of a medication, a nurse practicing veracity would truthfully explain both the benefits and potential risks, ensuring the patient has all the information needed to make an informed decision about their care. -Fidelity: keeping promises or commitments - Beneficence: actions guided by compassion/kindness - Example: If a patient is in pain, a nurse practicing beneficence would administer pain medication promptly, reposition the patient for comfort, or advocate for the patient to receive additional interventions if necessary. - Nonmaleficence: obligation to do no harm - Example: When a nurse carefully administers medication to ensure the correct dosage is given, thereby preventing harm to the patient. - Autonomy: freedom or independence to make own decisions - Example: If a patient chooses to decline a recommended treatment after being fully informed of the risks and benefits, the nurse supports the patient's decision and ensures their wishes are respected. - Justice: actions are fair and equitable - Example: If a nurse is caring for multiple patients, they ensure that each patient receives fair and equitable attention, treatment, and resources based on their individual need, without favoritism or bias 3. Explain why life-long learning is an important professional value. - Lifelong learning is essential because it helps nurses stay current with the advances in healthcare, improve patient care, and adapt to new technologies. It also allows for growth and ensures nurses maintain high standards of practice, benefiting the patient and the health care system. 4. Define altruism, integrity, competence, professionalism, confidentiality, and efficiency. - Altruism: to do something or act for the sake of benefiting someone even if means personal risk. - Integrity: The quality of being honest and having strong moral principles of moral uprightness - Competence: The ability to consistently provide safe, effective, and skilled care by applying knowledge, skills, and judgment - Professionalism: is providing compassionate, ethical care, maintaining, competence, and upholding integrity in all interactions with patients, colleagues, and the healthcare system - Confidentiality: means protecting patient privacy by not sharing personal or medical information without consent, ensuring trust and compliance with legal standards like HIPPA - Efficiency means delivering high-quality care in a timely, organized manner, using resources wisely, and prioritizing tasks to meet patient needs without compromising safety or accuracy 5. Give examples of how a nurse advocates for his or her client. When a nurse speaks to the doctor on behalf of a patient who feels their pain and isn't being adequately managed. The nurse may request a change in the pain management plan, ensuring that the patient's concerns are addressed and their comfort is prioritized. 6. What is the relationship between social justice and health disparities? Social justice aims to reduce health disparities by ensuring fair access to healthcare and addressing inequalities that affect health outcomes across different groups. 7. Explain what an ethical dilemma is. What steps should one take to address an ethical dilemma? An Ethical Dilemma is a situation where there is no clear right or wrong solution, and different options may have both advantages and disadvantages. - Steps to address ethical dilemma - Is there an Ethical dilemma: identify whether an ethical dilemma exists and whether it is a result of a differing set of values - Clearly identify the ethical dilemma: clearly define the ethical dilemma and identify what is affected by it and what the actual problem is. - Identify possible solutions - Apply ethical principles to the solutions - Include all relevant individuals and factors: Ensure that all relevant individuals and factors are considered, including the client, provider, and other stakeholders - Decide on a solution - Review the decision: review the decision to ensure that everything has been considered and that no new issues or concerns have arisen - Put the decision into action 8. Explain what the Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA) involves. Requires emergency medical personnel to provide equal care to clients entering the emergency department, regardless of their insurance or financial status. 9. What is HIPAA? What could happen to a nurse if he or she violates HIPAA? It is the federal law that protects an individual's identifying private information and personal health information. Violating HIPPA can have both legal and ethical consequences including : termination, fines, loss of nursing license, exposure to litigation that can result in a prison sentence, and ethical violation of the client's right to privacy 10. Discuss the implications of the unprofessional use of social media. Unprofessional use of social media by nurses can lead to breaches of patient confidentiality, damage to reputation, disciplinary action, and legal consequences 11. Differentiate between criminal law, civil law, administrative law, and federal law. - Criminal law: Is law's that protects the public or society as a whole - Civil Law: The individual or personal rights guaranteed by federal law, such as the Constitution and the Bill of rights - Administrative law: is the regulations by the nursing board that govern licensing, standards of care , and disciplinary actions to ensure safe, legal nursing practice - Federal Law: Is the set of nationwide rules like HIPPA and the Affordable Car act, ensuring privacy, access, and nondiscrimination in healthcare 12. Define negligence, battery, assault, defamation, and malpractice. - Negligence: Failure to act as a reasonably prudent person would, resulting in harm to a patient - Assault: Threating a patient with harm or showing intent to touch a patient without permission is considered assault. - Battery: Intentional physical contact without consent that causes injury or offensive touching is termed as battery. - Defamation: is any false information that harms the reputation of a person - Malpractice: Failure to meet professional standards of care, resulting in injury to patient 13. Describe the principles of informed consent, implied consent, written consent, and verbal consent. - Informed consent: Is permission to provide care given by the client after the nurse educates the patient about the risks, benefits, and alternatives of a given procedure. - Implied consent: The client is not required to express their permission for care, an intervention, or other activities verbally or in writing. It is implied by the circumstances or actions surrounding a medical or nursing action. - Written Consent: A patient signed an agreement after fully explaining a procedure, risks, and benefits, ensuring they understand and voluntarily agree. - Verbal Consent: When a patient gives spoken approval for a procedure after being informed of the details. Often used for less invasive procedures. 14. Describe living will, durable power of attorney for health care, do not resuscitate (DNR), and last will and testament. - A living will is a document that clearly states which life-sustaining treatments a client wishes to have performed if they become incapacitated - A durable power of attorney is a document that appoints an individual to make healthcare decisions on behalf of the client if they cannot do so. - DNR is that if a patient; 's heart or breathing stops, medical staff will not perform CPR or other life-saving measures. It's a decision made by the patient in advance to avoid aggressive treatments at the end of life. - Last Will is a legal document where a person outlines how they want their assets and belongings distributed after they pass away. 15. What are the legal obligations related to mandatory reporting for nurses? - Inform any charge nurse, unit manager, and staff nurse assigned to the client of the findings in accordance with facility policies. Report to the appropriate agency, such as the health department or CDC. 16. Describe the difference between a "near miss" and an "actual incident"? - Near miss: Is incidents are occurrences in which no harm or injury occurred, while sentinel events result in permanent disability, temporary severe injury, or death - Actual incident: Is any unexpected event that affects patient safety, such as medication error, a fall, or a procedural mistake. 17. List actions that could be considered client abandonment. Client abandonment is an action in which the provider deserts a client for whom they established a provider-client relationship without ensuring the continuation of care. Actions: leaving the unit without arranging for another nurse to provide care for assigned client, failure to provide report to another nurse prior to leaving the unit, and sleeping while assigned to provide care for a client 18. What is the key purpose of the standards of professional practice in nursing? Defining the nurse's responsibilities and accountability is required for every practicing nurse, regardless of role, specialty, or area of concentration. Also establishes expectations for nurse behavior, protecting the nurse, client, and facility.