SEU TRA 440 Module 1 Chapter PDF

‫الجامعة السعودية اللكترونية‬ ‫الجامعة السعودية اللكترونية‬ ‫‪26/12/2021‬‬ Olohan (2015) Chapter 1 Scientifc and technical translation as a profession Introducing science and technology Defnitons Science: the intellectual and practcal actvity encompassing the systematc study of the str...

‫الجامعة السعودية اللكترونية‬ ‫الجامعة السعودية اللكترونية‬ ‫‪26/12/2021‬‬ Olohan (2015) Chapter 1 Scientifc and technical translation as a profession Introducing science and technology Defnitons Science: the intellectual and practcal actvity encompassing the systematc study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observaton and experiment Technology: the applicaton of scientfc knowledge for practcal purposes, especially in industry Focus on the ways in which texts and language are used to perform specifc communicatve functons in technical and scientfc contexts The translation landscape Factors that may motvate you to pursue a career in translaton Language services sector is a growing one A large proporton of professional translaton work is technical or scientfc Translators who ofer a specializaton can command higher rates of pay for their work The translation landscape Freelance translaton Self-employed – they are not employees of the companies who give them commissions Freelance translators generally only get paid for the translaton work they do, but they also have to set aside tme for: marketng networking doing test translatons buying/maintaining ofce equipment and resources learning about new developments keeping fnancial records The translation landscape Translator cooperatves and partnerships Partnerships or cooperatves of translators Translators group together Share translaton work Joint approach to organizatonal maters The translation landscape In-house translaton The vast majority of today’s translaton work is done by freelance translators worldwide, some in-house/salaried positons for translators contnue to exist Translaton company Core business is not translaton Internatonal organizaton Natonal government organizaton The translation landscape Other roles for translators Consider the range of other roles for which skilled linguists with translaton competences are potentally suited Project or account manager Terminologist Editor or proofreader The translation landscape Related roles requiring additonal expertse Document layout and producton Website design Localizaton Technical writer Knowledge and skills The main competence areas, as defned by the EMT (European Commission Directorate-General for Translaton 2009), are: Translaton service provision competence Language competence Intercultural competence Informaton mining competence Thematc competence Technological competence Communicative purpose For communicaton within the community to be successful, its communicatve purpose must be recognized and understood by others A genre is described as ‘a highly structured and conventonalized communicatve event’ Translators ofen aim to translate a text in such a way that it will be: accepted by the target discourse community as recognizably belonging to a genre conforming to the rules and conventons of the genre fulflling identfable communicatve purposes Byrne (2012) Chapter 1 Scientifc and technical translation Introduction Translaton is an important driving force of modern society It facilitates the fow of ideas, expertse, values and other informaton between diferent cultures It is essental for scientfc and technological advancement Introduction Three key categories of informaton, which provide the materials for scientfc and technical translaton: 1. The results of pure science 2. The results of applied scientfc research carried out in order to solve a partcular problem 3. The work of technologists, which is intended to result in an industrial product or process, which can be sold Introduction Historical signifcance Ancient clay tablets containing bilingual Sumerian-Eblaite glossaries Translaton has accompanied signifcant scientfc and technological discovery throughout the ages Gutenberg developed the frst moveable type printng system which revolutonized printng books During the English Renaissance, countless books were writen on scientfc and technical topics Translaton, newly empowered by widespread printng, played a central role in the disseminaton of scientfc and technical informaton for centuries Translation theory Translaton involves shades of grey – new scenarios, unusual combinatons of factors and so on – which means that trying to shoe-horn a translaton into one category or the other is ofen uncomfortable, if not impossible The source text has been regarded as the most important element in translaton Translation theory Equivalence: a link or bond between the source text and the target text Formal equivalence is concerned with the message in terms of its form and content. Dynamic equivalence is based on the noton that the TT should have the same efect on its audience as the ST had on its own audience. Equivalence can occur on the following levels: Denotatonal meaning Connotatonal meaning Textual norms Pragmatc meaning Linguistc form Translation theory Focus on the target text The purpose of the target text is the most important factor in determining the way we should translate texts Based on the principle that translaton is a communicatve actvity: A text is writen for a specifc purpose and it is translated for a specifc purpose It is this purpose, which is known as the Skopos, which governs the translaton process Skopos theory introduces the noton of the translaton brief Defned as a form of project specifcaton which sets out the requirements for the translaton Intended to form the basis for identfying the Skopos of the translaton Clearly defnes what the translaton is to be used for and who will use it Tools of the trade General tools General PC skills Communicatve functons of the Internet Text processing tools Word processing Web 2.0 HTML, XML, scriptng and programming languages Translaton tools Computer-assisted Translaton (CAT) Who’s who in scientifc and technical translation? Document initator: The person or entty responsible for setng in moton the producton of a document Writer: The person or persons actually responsible for writng the document Translaton initator: The person responsible for initatng the translaton process Translator: The person who actually produces the translaton User: The intended recipient of the translaton Who’s who in scientifc and technical translation? The Translator Performing a role that is both essental and extremely complex Diferent types of translators and the types of work they do can vary Staf translators In-house translators Freelance translators Thank You