Chronic Diseases & Nutrition PDF

Chronic Diseases & Nutrition Nutrition in the development and prevention of chronic diseases Chronic Diseases & Nutrition Metabolic Disease and Nutrition – Overview Faculty of Science | Department of Biochemistry Types of Diseases Infectious or Communicable...

Chronic Diseases & Nutrition Nutrition in the development and prevention of chronic diseases Chronic Diseases & Nutrition Metabolic Disease and Nutrition – Overview Faculty of Science | Department of Biochemistry Types of Diseases Infectious or Communicable Degenerative Caused by bacteria, virus, Chronic, irreversible parasite, or other microbe Due to personal lifestyle choices Examples: SARS‐CoV‐2, (food, smoking, alcohol, lack of tuberculosis, polio, influenza physical activity) Leading causes of death in Canada Faculty of Science | Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science | Department of Biochemistry Leading Causes of Death – 5 Year Data (Total Population) Age at time of death, all ages, Both sexes Canada, place of residence Leading causes of death Characteristics 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Trend Ranking over 5 year period Malignant neoplasms Rank 1 1 1 1 1 Number of deaths 77,059 77,054 79,084 79,844 79,536 ↑ Diseases of heart Rank 2 2 2 2 2 Number of deaths 51,014 51,534 51,396 53,029 53,134 ↑ Cerebrovascular diseases Rank 3 3 3 4 3 Number of deaths 13,573 13,795 13,551 13,893 13,480 ↔ Accidents (unintentional injuries) Rank 5 5 4 3 4 Number of deaths 11,724 11,833 12,524 13,894 13,290 ↑ Chronic lower respiratory diseases Rank 4 4 5 5 5 Number of deaths 11,876 12,573 12,293 12,847 12,998 ↑ Influenza and pneumonia Rank 7 6 8 6 6 Number of deaths 6,597 7,630 6,235 7,396 8,511 ↑ Diabetes mellitus Rank 6 7 6 7 7 Number of deaths 7,071 7,172 6,838 6,882 6,794 ↓ Alzheimer's disease Rank 8 8 7 8 8 Number of deaths 6,410 6,587 6,521 6,675 6,429 ↔ Intentional self‐harm (suicide) Rank 9 9 9 9 9 Number of deaths 4,254 4,405 3,978 4,157 3,811 ↓ Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis Rank 11 11 11 11 10 Number of deaths 3,098 3,129 3,054 3,270 3,615 ↑ Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis Rank 10 10 10 10 11 Number of deaths 3,126 3,176 3,385 3,425 3,514 ↑ Assault (homicide) Rank 23 23 25 22 25 Number of deaths 439 456 396 459 373 ↓ How to cite: Statistics Canada. Table 13‐10‐0394‐01 Leading causes of death, total population, by age group https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1310039401 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25318/1310039401‐eng Faculty of Science | Department of Biochemistry Average lifespan in Canada: 82 years (Females ~84 yrs, Males ~80) Average lifespan of people in Canada’s North : Nunavut 74 yrs (F) and 68 (M) Faculty of Science | Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science | Department of Biochemistry Deficiencies and excesses of nutrients may impair the immune system Malnutrition worsens disease, and disease worsens malnutrition Certain groups of people are more likely than others to be caught in the downward spiral of malnutrition and weakened immunity: 1. People who restrict their food intake, and 2. The very young or old, poor, hospitalized, or malnourished. Faculty of Science | Department of Biochemistry Nutrition and Immunity Faculty of Science | Department of Biochemistry Deficiencies and Toxicities Known to Impair Immunity Deficiencies Impairing Immunity Energy, Protein Toxicities Impairing Vitamins A, D, E, K Immunity B vitamins Iron Folate Zinc Vitamin C Minerals Iron, Zinc, Copper, Magnesium, Selenium Faculty of Science | Department of Biochemistry Lifestyle Choices and Risks of Degenerative Disease Conditions in parents, grandparents, or siblings, especially occurring early in life, that may raise a warning flag: Alcoholism Cancer Diabetes Heart and artery diseases Hypertension Liver disease (cirrhosis) Osteoporosis Faculty of Science | Department of Biochemistry Diet/Lifestyle Risk Factors for Degenerative Diseases Faculty of Science | Department of Biochemistry Proper Nutrition Shields Against Diseases Primary among the recommendations is to choose unsaturated fats in place of saturated fat and trans fat. Include a variety of fruits and vegetables in the diet, not just for nutrients but also for the phytochemicals that combine synergistically to promote health. Ensure whole grains make up the majority of your grain choices. Eat foods high in potassium (fruits and vegetables), high in calcium and magnesium (milk products and appropriate substitutes), low in fat, high in fibre (whole grains, legumes, vegetables, and fruits), and ample in fluids. Faculty of Science | Department of Biochemistry Next time…