Sammy's PCTG Notes Lesson 1-3 PDF

Samantha Nicole Tabu Notes PCTG  Philippines was the first country in PHILIPPINE Southeas...

Samantha Nicole Tabu Notes PCTG  Philippines was the first country in PHILIPPINE Southeast Asia to gain independence after World War II, in 1945 CULTURE AND  The Philippines was named after King Philip II of Spain. Explorer Ruy López de Villalobos named the Eastern Visayas TOURISM Felipenas first, and the name was later applied to the entire archipelago. The country’s official name is the Republic of GEOGRAPHY the Philippines. The world’s biggest pair of shoes was made in Marikina City, Philippines, in 2002 The Pearl of Lao Tzu was once considered the largest known pearl. It was discovered by a Filipino diver in the Philippine Map Palawan Sea in 1934 The Philippines is the world’s largest The Philippines consist of 7,641 islands which are broadly categorized in three main exporter of coconuts and tropical fruits, geographical divisions from north to south: Luzon, such as papaya and mangosteen. Visayas, and Mindanao. The Philippines is the only majority Christian nation in Asia. Eighty percent of Luzon Island is the largest and most populous its population identifies as Roman island Catholic. NAMRIA National Mapping and Resource Information Authority (NAMRIA) is mandated to provide the public with mapmaking services and to act as the central mapping agency, depository, and distribution facility for natural resources data in the form of maps, charts, text and statistics. The Countries that has the greatest number of Islands in the World. 1. Sweden – 221, 800 2. Finland – 188, 000 3. Norway – 55, 00 4. Canada – 52, 455 5. Indonesia 17, 508 6. Australia – 8,222 7. Philippines – 7,641 8. Japan - 6, 853 9. United Kingdom – 6, 289 10. Greece – 6, 000 current Slogan of DOT PHILIPPINE LANGUAGES “LOVE THE PHILIPPINES” The Philippines has two official languages, Filipino and English. current Secretary of the Department of Tourism Page 1 Samantha Nicole Tabu Notes PCTG 1892 Rizal founds La Liga Filipina. First railroad in Philippines opens. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- WEEK:2 PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines What is the 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines? PREAMBLE We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane society, and establish a PHILIPPINE MAJOR HISTORICAL EVENTS Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the common good, Date & Events conserve and develop our patrimony, and 30,000 B.C. Ancestors of the Negritos, the first secure to ourselves and our posterity, the inhabitants of the Philippines, settle on the islands. blessings of independence and democracy 3,000 Austronesians reach the islands on under the rule of law and a regime of truth, outrigger canoes. justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace, do A.D. 8 to 1377 The Hindu Malay Empire based in ordain and promulgate this constitution. Sumatra rules most of the Philippines. ARTICLE I National Territory 1250 The Datus from Borneo arrive in the ARTICLE II Declaration of Principles and State Policies Philippines. ARTICLE III Bill of Rights 1402 The Chinese establish trading posts on Luzon ARTICLE IV Citizenship Island. ARTICLE V Suffrage 1450 Muslim missionaries arrive in Sulu. ARTICLE VI Legislative Department 1521 Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan ARTICLE VII Executive Department reaches Cebu Island and lands at Samar. ARTICLE VIII Judicial Department ARTICLE IX Constitutional Commissions 1543 Ruy López de Villalobos names the Eastern ARTICLE X Local Government Visayas Felipenas in honor of the future King ARTICLE XI Accountability of Public Officers Phillip II of Spain, and the name is later applied to ARTICLE XII National Economy and Patrimony the entire archipelago. ARTICLE XIII Social Justice and Human Rights 1565 Miguel López de Legazpi establishes a ARTICLE XIV Education, Science and Technology, Arts, Spanish colony on the island of Cebu. Culture and Sports 1571 Legazpi founds Manila. ARTICLE XV The Family ARTICLE XVI General Provisions 1593 Doctrina Christiana is the first book ARTICLE XVII Amendments or Revisions ARTICLE XVIII Transitory Provisions published in the Philippines. 1595 Manila is declared the official capital city. PHILIPPINES The Philippines is a democratic and 1611 Dominican friars establish the University of republican State. Sovereignty resides in the Santo Tomas in Manila. people and all government authority emanated 1762 The British occupy Manila after the Spanish from them. -Article II , Section 1 of 1987 defeat in the Seven Years’ War in Europe. Constitution 1800 Governor José Basco y Vargas introduces sugarcane and tobacco as cash crops. ABOUT THE GOVERNMENT 1811 Philippines’ first newspaper, Del Superior Govierno, is published. The Philippines is a republic with a presidential 1834 Manila is opened to world trade and foreign form of government wherein power is equally investment. divided among its three branches: Executive 1872 Cavite Conspiracy happens; José Rizal, a Legislative Judicial Filipino National Hero, leads the Propaganda Movement. Page 2 Samantha Nicole Tabu Notes PCTG The government seeks to act in the best In 1993, Bongbong married Louise “Liza” Cacho interests of its citizens through this system of check Araneta. They are blessed with three children: and balance. Ferdinand Alexander “Sandro”, Joseph Simon and William Vincent “Vinny”. One basic corollary in a presidential system of government is the principle of separation of Service Record powers wherein legislation belongs to Congress, Governor (1983 to 1986; 1998 to 2007) execution to the Executive, and settlement of Congressman (1992 to 1995; 2007 to 2010) legal controversies to the Judiciary. Senator (2010 to 2016) President (2023-Present) The Legislative Branch From the Latin word Lex, Department of Agriculture (2023- Present) Legis meaning Law This branch deals with the making, deliberation over, enactment, --------------------------------------------------------- amendment and repealing of laws Vice President Sara Zimmerman Duterte- House of Representative – the lower house of Carpio the Congress of the Philippines. Members are officially styled as representative and are elected The Vice President and Secretary of Education for 3 yrs. They also has the power to impeach in the Philippines. She is popularly known in the certain officials. Philippines as Inday Sara The Senate – Composed of 24 Senators and the She is the second child of Rodrigo Roa Duterte, only body that concur with treaties and can try the 16th President of the Republic of the impeachment cases. Philippines, and Elizabeth Zimmerman Duterte The Executive Branch She is married to fellow lawyer Manases Reyes Carpio and they have three children named Headed by the President who function as both Shark, Stingray, and Stonefish. Vice President Sara head of state and the head of Government. The Zimmerman Duterte-Carpio President is the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed forces of the Philippines. Elected by She is the first-ever elected woman and the popular vote to a term of six years. youngest vice mayor and mayor of Davao City. Vice-President is first line to succession should Worked as Court Attorney in the Supreme Court the president resign, be impeached or die in the of the Philippines in 2006 office. Served as a regional officer of the National Movement of Young Legislators in 2007- 2010 and served as officer in the National Executive Board President Ferdinand Romualdez Marcos of the League of Cities Philippines in 2010- 2013. Jr. Department of Tourism The 17th President of the Republic of the Philippines First created in 1973, thru PD 189, reorganized thru EO 120 in 1986, reorganized again into the President Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr., commonly present setup in 2009, via Sec. 107, RA 9593 referred to as Bongbong and by the initials BBM, (Tourism Act) was born on the 13th of September 1957 in the town of Batac, Ilocos Norte. Sec. 4, of the Implementing Rules and Regulations of the Tourism Act defined DOT as, Bongbong is the only son and namesake of the “the primary planning, programming, late former President Ferdinand E. Marcos Sr. and coordinating, implementing and regulatory former First Lady Imelda Romualdez Marcos government agency in the development and Page 3 Samantha Nicole Tabu Notes PCTG promotions of the tourism industry, both domestic international MICE, sports and wellness, medical and international, in coordination with its tourism, etc. attached agencies and other government Direct and coordinate the resources and efforts instrumentalities. It shall instill in the Filipino, the of the government and the private sector in the industry’s fundamental importance in the tourism and allied fields in the full realization of generation of employment, investments and the plans and programs; and engage in tourism foreign exchange.” Powers of the Department business and perform such acts Contract loans, indebtedness and credit, and Powers of the Department issue commercial papers and bonds in Formulate, coordinate, implement and convertible currency from foreign governments supervise tourism policies, plans and projects for and financial institutions, and in local and foreign the development of tourism banks or similar institutions, execute any deed of Support, advance and promote the protection, guarantee, mortgage, trust and assignment of maintenance and preservations of historical, property for the purpose of financing the cultural and natural endowments program Provide an integrated marketing program and Obtain the services of local and foreign represent the government in all tourism consultants and enter into contracts locally and conferences, multilateral and bilateral tourism internationally in the performance of its functions treaties, and agreements. Evaluate tourism development projects for the TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE AND ENTERPRISE ZONE issuance of permits and grating incentives by the AUTHORITY (TIEZA) appropriate government agencies Created as the Philippine Tourism Authority Provide technical assistance to the LGU in (PTA) in 1973 thru PD 189, as amended by PD 564. destination development, standards setting and Reorganized into its present office thru RA 9593. regulatory enforcement, and monitor The office is mandated to: compliance to its standards 1. Designate, regulate and supervise the Tourism Perform other public related services such as Enterprise Zone (TEZ) tourism research and studies, collection and 2. Develop, manage and supervise tourism integration of data, facilitation of obtaining travel infrastructure projects in the country documentation, and monitor conditions on 3. Supervise and regulate the cultural, economic destinations. and environmentally sustainable development of TEZ towards encouraging investments 4. Ensure strict compliance by the TEZ operator Attached Agencies to the DOT TOURISM with approved development plans PROMOTIONS BOARD 5. Continue to exercise the powers of the old PTA Former Philippine Conventions Bureau (PCB), it Tourism Enterprise Zones was created via PD 867 in 1976. Tourism Enterprise Zone are geographical areas Transformed into a non-profit corporation in that conform to the ff: June 1978 via PD 1448. Capable of being defined as one contiguous With the reorganization in 1987, it was renamed territory as the Philippine Conventions and Visitor Has historical and cultural significance Corporation (PCVC), thru EO 120-A. environmental beauty, or existing integrated Under RA 9593, it was changed to the present leisure facilities within its boundary or reasonable name. distance Has, or may have, strategic access through FUNCTIONS transportation infrastructure and access to utilities Develop and implement a plan to market the infrastructure systems country as a premier tourism destination and Sufficient in size, such that it can be further develop and promote the country as a center of utilized for bringing in new investments in tourism establishments and services Page 4 Samantha Nicole Tabu Notes PCTG In a strategic location such as catalyze the Department of Migrant Workers (DMW) – Susan socioeconomic development of neighboring Ople communities Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) – Benjamin Abalos Jr. Attached Agencies to the DOT DUTY FREE Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) Governor– PHILIPPINES CORPORATION (DFP) Felipe Medalla Operates the duty and tax-free merchandising Office of the Executive Secretary – Vic system in the Philippines, to augment the service Rodriguez facilities for tourist and returning Filipino travelers Office of the Special Assistant to the President – to generate foreign exchange and revenue for Antonio Lagdameo Jr. the government. Powers of the DFP are: National Economic Development Authority Exclusive authority to operate and/or franchise (NEDA) – Arsenio Balisacan out the operation of stores and shops that sell National Security Adviser – Dr. Clarita Carlos duty and tax-free items in air and sea ports and in Presidential Management Staff (PMS) – Maria TEZ Zenaida Angping Authority to operate stores within air and sea Presidential Communications Operations Office ports – Atty. Trixie Cruz-Angeles Operate without any prejudice to any Office of the Presidential Legal Counsel – Juan privatization in the future. Ponce Enrile Office of the Solicitor General – Menardo TOURISM COORDINATING COUNCIL Guevarra LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) Commissioner OTHER NATIONAL AGENCIES – Lilia Guillermo 1. DOTr Bureau of Customs (BOC) Commissioner – Yogi 2. DPWH Filemon Ruiz 3. DENR National Intelligence Coordinating Agency 4. DFA (NICA) – Gen. Ricardo de Leon 5. DTI National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) – 6. DILG Medardo de Lemos 7. DOJ Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) Chief of Staff – Lt. Gen. Bartolome Vicente Bacarro Cabinet Members of the Philippines – Secretaries Philippine National Police (PNP) Chief – Gen. and Officials in 2022: Rodolfo Azurin Jr. Department of Budget and Management Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) – Enrique (DBM) – Amenah Pangandaman A. Manalo Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) – Department of Finance (DOF) – Benjamin Alfredo Pascual Diokno Department of Health (DOH) – Dr. Teodoro Department of Agriculture (DA) – President Department of Justice (DOJ) – Jesus Crispin Ferdinand Marcos Jr. Remulla Department of Public Works and Highways Department of Tourism (DOT) – Esperanza (DPWH) – Manuel Bonoan Christina Frasco Department of Education (DepEd) – Sara Department of Environment and Natural Duterte Resources (DENR) – Toni Yulo-Loyzaga Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) Department of Information and – Bienvenido Laguesma Communications Technology (DICT) – Ivan John Department of National Defense (DND) – Uy Gilberto Teodoro Jr Department of Energy (DOE) – Raphael Department of Social Welfare and Perpetuo Lotilla Development (DSWD) – Rex Gatchalian Department of Transportation (DOTr) – Jaime J. Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR) – Bautista Conrado Estrella III Page 5 Samantha Nicole Tabu Notes PCTG Asia between the West Philippine Sea -------------------------------------------------------- and the Pacific Ocean. The Executive Branch Charged with the execution and administration of a country’s laws and sets the direction of national policy. Executive Branch also includes the Cabinet PHILIPPINES Members, Governors and Mayors The islands of the Philippines are broadly categorized in three main geographical The Judiciary Branch divisions from north to south: Luzon, Visayas, Constitution serve as the expression of the basic and Mindanao. laws and legal framework of the regime. Luzon Island is the largest and most It stems from the need to interpret these laws populous island. Function of Legal systems in political processes, Luzon and Mindanao, make up for importance of legal culture, and role of judges twothirds of the total land area. Only about and courts. one third of the islands are inhabited Judicial power - rests with the Supreme Court and the lower court, as established by the law. Its NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES duty is to settle actual controversies involving Philippines shares maritime borders with rights which are legally demandable and Taiwan to the north, Palau to the east, enforceable. The Judiciary enjoys fiscal Indonesia to the south, Malaysia to the autonomy. Its appropriation may not be reduced southwest, Vietnam to the west. by the Legislature below the appropriated amount the previous year. THE PHILIPPINES RESTS ON THE PACIFIC’S EARTHQUAKE AND VOLCANO RING OF FIRE. Philippine islands are prone to earthquakes since the country is situated on the western fringes of the Pacific Ring of Fire, where many of Earth's volcanic eruptions and earthquakes occur. The country has more than 300 --------------------------------------------------------- volcanoes, 24 are active, according to -------------------- Philvolcs. Among the most notable peaks WEEK:3 are Mount Mayon near Legazpi City, Taal Volcano south of Manila, and Mount Apo in Mindanao. List of Active Volcanoes according to PhilVocs 1. Babuyan Claro - Babuyan Island Group, Cagayan in Luzon 2. Banahaw - Boundaries of Laguna and Quezon in Luzon 3. Biliran (Anas) - Leyte in Visayas PHILIPPINES Pearl of the Orient Seas 4. Bud Dajo - Sulu in Mindanao The Philippines is an archipelago, or 5. Bulusan - Sorsogon, Bicol Region in Luzon string of 7,641 islands, in Southeast of 6. Cabalian - Southern Leyte in Visayas Page 6 Samantha Nicole Tabu Notes PCTG 7. Cagua - Cagayan in Luzon geologists yearly. Over thirty eruptions have 8. Camiguin de Babuyanes - Babuyan Island been recorded at Taal since the 16th Group, Cagayan in Luzon century, mostly small eruptions restricted to 9. Didicas - Babuyan Island Group, Cagayan in Volcano Island. Luzon 10. Hibok-hibok - Camiguin in Mindanao 11. Iraya - Batan Island, Batanes in Luzon 12. Iriga - Camarines Sur in Luzon THE MOUNT KANLAON Mt. Kanla-on is a 13. Isarog - Camarines Sur in Luzon complex and active volcano surrounded by 14. Kanlaon - Negros Oriental and Negros several craters and volcanic peaks. It is Occidental in Visayas considered as the highest peak in the 15. Leonard Kniaseff - Davao del Norte Visayas. Volcanic features in the area 16. Makaturing - Lanao del Sur include the cinder cone of the active center 17. Matutum - Cotobato in Mindanao and craters at the summit. 18. Mayon - Albay, Bicol Region in Luzon 19. Musuan (Calayo) - Bukidnon in Mindanao The Philippines has many mountain 20. Parker - South Cotobato/General Santos/ North Cotabato/Sarangani Provinces in ranges. These serve as natural barriers Mindanao against the many typhoons that pass 21. Pinatubo - Boundaries of Pampanga, Tarlac through the country. and Zambales in Luzon The Sierra Madre is the longest mountain 22. Ragang - Lanao del Sur and Cotobato in range in the Philippines and considered as Mindanao the Backbone of Luzon. It which spans from 23. Smith - Babuyan Island Group, Cagayan in Cagayan to Quezon, is found in the Luzon 24. Taal - Batangas in Luzon northeastern part of Luzon. THE MAYON VOLCANO It is known for its Mount Apo, also known locally as Apo perfectly conical shape, towering at a Sandawa, is a large solfataric, dormant height of 2,462 meters above sea level, stratovolcano. With an elevation of 2,954 whose natural beauty has inspired a number meters (9,692 ft) above sea level, it is the of legends and art. It is most active volcano highest point in the Philippines and is in the Philippines and one of the most active located between Davao City and Davao in the world, having erupted over 51 times in del Sur province. the past four centuries, the most destructive The Emden Deep or Galathea Depth is the of which is in 1814 when five towns in its lowest point in Philippines and third deepest periphery were destroyed. point in the world. It is 10,540 meters deep and forms part of the Philippine Trench THE MOUNT PINATUBO Mount Pinatubo is an found in the Pacific Ocean. active volcano found in the boundaries of Pampanga, Tarlac and Zambales on the Aliwagwag falls, located at Compostela- northern island of Luzon. It has the second- Cateel Road is the highest waterfalls in the largest volcanic eruption of the 20th century Philippines. occurred in the Philippines on June 15, 1991. The Cagayan River, also known as the Río THE TAAL VOLCANO It is the smallest active Grande de Cagayán, is the longest river volcano in the world. Its unexplained shape and the largest river by discharge volume of and location on an island within a lake water in the Philippines. within an island, makes it a unique geologic wonder, enthralling thousands of tourists and Regions of the Philippines Page 7 Samantha Nicole Tabu Notes PCTG The Philippines is subdivided into seventeen (17) regions – eight (8) in Luzon, three (3) in the Visayas, and six (6) in Mindanao. These regions are not Local Government Units, but their existence is primarily for administrative purposes. Thus, in each region, a City is designated as the center where each of the National Government Agencies have a regional OTHER GEOGRAPHICAL FACTS office. Natural resources play a critical role in the Philippine economy, as agriculture, fisheries, and forestry represent about 10 percent of gross domestic product and account for almost 30 percent of employment. Philippines is also rich in mineral resources. Most of the country’s metallic minerals, including gold, iron ore, lead, zinc, chromite, and copper, are drawn from major deposits on the islands of Luzon and Mindanao. Smaller deposits of silver, nickel, mercury, molybdenum, cadmium, and manganese occur in several other locations NEGROS ISLAND REGION The Visayas are the principal source of R.A. No. 12000, also known as the "Negros nonmetallic minerals, including limestone for Island Region Act," which was passed into cement, marble, asphalt, salt, sulfur, law on 11 June 2024, mandates the asbestos, guano, gypsum, phosphate, and establishment of the Negros Island Region silica. (NIR) and assumes the region code "18”. The region comprises the provinces of Petroleum and natural gas are extracted Negros Occidental, including the City of from fields off the northwest coast of Bacolod, Negros Oriental, and Siquijor, Palawan Copper has remained the along with their respective cities, country’s primary mineral, although municipalities, and barangays. The NIR will changing world market demands, and be fully operational by 2025 investment incentives have rendered its production somewhat volatile. This adjustment also affects the composition of Region VI (Western Visayas) The Philippines has the longest irregular and Region VII (Central Visayas), resulting in coastline (36,290 Kilometers in length) in the five provinces and one highly urbanized city world. (HUC) in Western Visayas, and two provinces and three HUCs in Central Visayas. National Symbols SAMPAGUITA TAMARAW MANGO BARONG AND BARO’T SAYA DR. JOSE RIZAL NARRA PHILIPPINE EAGLE DAHON NG ANAHAW Page 8