Ilocos Region: Philippine Culture and Tourism Geography PDF

PHILIPPINE CULTURE AND TOURISM GEOGRAPHY GTHPCGEO REGION 1 – ILOCOS REGION  GROUP MEMBERS Arboso, Ronan James M. Dela Cruz, Earl Danreb B. Del Rosario, Leira Xeanna C. Tadeo, Jersey Robbie G. Villamonte, Ram Simon S. PROFESSOR Mrs. Jaymee Ara E. Catchillar ...

PHILIPPINE CULTURE AND TOURISM GEOGRAPHY GTHPCGEO REGION 1 – ILOCOS REGION  GROUP MEMBERS Arboso, Ronan James M. Dela Cruz, Earl Danreb B. Del Rosario, Leira Xeanna C. Tadeo, Jersey Robbie G. Villamonte, Ram Simon S. PROFESSOR Mrs. Jaymee Ara E. Catchillar  TABLE OF CONTENT I. TITLE II. Introduction – brief overview of the region III. Objectives – Learning objectives IV. Map of the Region – Picture V. Regional Highlights – Famous Landmarks and Festivals VI. Key Tourist Destinations – Must Visit Destination VII. Culture and Tourism Interplay – How Culture Shape Tourism (Impacts of Festivals and Tradition, Local Crafts, and Cultural Immersion VIII. SWOT ANALYSIS of the Region – Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threats IX. Food Tourism – Culinary Highlights X. Accommodations – Type of Accommodation in the Area for Tourist Both Local and Foreign XI. Conclusion – Recap of the presentation (just includes the important knowledge) XII. References – APA Format (Cite where you get your information) II. Introduction The Ilocos Region, or Region I, is located on the northwestern coast of Luzon and has 4 provinces: The Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union, and Pangasinan. Historically, it is known for its rich cultural heritage,showcasing well-preserved Spanish colonial architecture. The region has produced notable figures in Philippine history, and it also served as a strategic gateway for trade. Geographically diverse, The Ilocos Region features coastal areas, fertile plains, and natural attractions. Its economy thrives on agriculture, fishing, and tourism, with key products including rice and seafood. The vibrant traditions of the Ilocano people, such as weaving and pottery, further enrich the region's cultural landscape while contributing to its economic growth. III. Objectives To provide an overview of the Ilocos Region's geography. Learn about key tourist destinations and cultural attractions Analyze the interplay between culture and tourism in the region. Explore the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities , and threats (SWOT) related to tourism and hospitality in the region. Discuss the region’s food tourism and accommodation options. IV. Map of The Region V. Regional Highlights Famous Landmarks: 1. Paoay Church (San Agustin Church) Location: Paoay, Ilocos Norte Constructed: Begun in 1694, completed in 1710 Paoay Church is a very old church in Paoay, Ilocos Norte, famous for its strong, thick walls designed to withstand earthquakes. It’s a UNESCO World Heritage site because of its special Spanish-style architecture. 2. Vigan Heritage Village Location: Vigan, Ilocos Sur Constructed: Established during the Spanish colonial period (1565) Vigan Heritage Village is the historic center of Vigan City in Ilocos Sur. It’s known for its old buildings with Spanish-style architecture and cobblestone streets. It's a UNESCO World Heritage site and shows what the Philippines looked like during the Spanish colonial period. 3. Bangui Windmills Location: Bangui, Ilocos Norte Constructed: 1998 The Bangui Windmills are the first windmills built in the Philippines, located in Bangui, Ilocos Norte. These huge wind turbines help make electricity and are a symbol of the country’s efforts to use clean energy from the wind. 4. Cape Bojeador Lighthouse Location: Burgos, Ilocos Norte Constructed: Built in 1892 The Cape Bojeador Lighthouse, located in Burgos, Ilocos Norte, is a very old lighthouse built by the Spanish to guide ships safely. It sits on a hill and offers a great view of the sea and nearby areas. 5. Sinking Bell Tower Location: Laoag City, Ilocos Norte Constructed: Built in 1612 The Sinking Bell Tower in Laoag City is a famous church tower that has slowly sunk into the ground over the years. It’s an interesting and historical landmark in the city. 6. Patapat Viaduct Location: Pagudpud, Ilocos Norte Constructed: Completed in 1986 The Patapat Viaduct is a coastal road built along the cliffs in Pagudpud, Ilocos Norte. It offers breathtaking views of the ocean and is one of the most beautiful drives in the region.  7. Paoay Sand Dunes Location: Paoay, Ilocos Norte Constructed: Natural formation The Paoay Sand Dunes, located in Paoay, Ilocos Norte, are large areas of sand hills where people can try adventurous activities like 4x4 rides and sandboarding, similar to snowboarding but on sand! 8. Bantay Abot Cave Location: Pagudpud, Ilocos Norte Constructed: Natural formation Bantay Abot Cave is a natural rock formation in Pagudpud, Ilocos Norte that looks like an arch. It’s a perfect spot for taking photos and enjoying views of the sea and nearby landscapes. Famous Festivals: 9. Sinait Longganisa Festival Location: Sinait, Ilocos Sur When: January (annually) This festival includes fun events like longganisa parades, cooking contests, and a variety of activities to showcase this delicious local delicacy. Longganisa from Sinait is well-loved for its garlicky flavor and is often a pasalubong (souvenir) for visitors. 10. Pagudpud Surfing Break Festival Location: Pagudpud, Ilocos Norte When: Annually, around November The Pagudpud Surfing Break Festival is a celebration of the surfing culture in Pagudpud, a town known for its beautiful beaches and great surfing spots. The festival includes surfing competitions, beach parties, and live music. It attracts both local and international surfers who come to enjoy the perfect waves along Pagudpud’s coastline. 11. Viva Vigan Binatbatan Festival of the Arts Location: Vigan City, Ilocos Sur When: First week of May (annually) The Viva Vigan Binatbatan Festival, held every May in Vigan, is a big celebration of the city’s culture and history. There are colorful street dances, parades, and many art shows to celebrate Vigan’s traditions. VI. Key Tourist Destinations Calle Crisologo Calle Crisologo is a cobblestone street adorned with centuries-old Spanish colonial houses. Strolling along this street feels like stepping back in time, offering a vivid glimpse into life during the Spanish colonial era. Calle Crisologo, located in Vigan, Ilocos Sur, is a historic street renowned for its well-preserved Spanish colonial architecture. Calle Crisologo is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, recognized for its cultural significance and historical value. It showcases the unique blend of Spanish and local influences in architecture. Walking along Calle Crisologo offers a glimpse into the past, allowing visitors to imagine life during the Spanish colonial period. It serves as a reminder of the Philippines' historical journey and cultural evolution. (Accomodation, 2024). Patapat Viaduct, Pagudpud The Patapat Viaduct is an engineering marvel that stretches along the coastline of Pagudpud, connecting the town to the northern regions of Ilocos Norte. This scenic coastal bridge offers breathtaking views of the sea and surrounding mountains, making it a popular stop for tourists. Travelers can enjoy the picturesque landscape and take memorable photos, especially during sunset when the colors of the sky reflect on the water. (Arcadio, 2024).  La Paz Sand Dunes, Laoag The La Paz Sand Dunes in Laoag City is an expansive desert-like landscape featuring rolling sand dunes and stunning views of the nearby coastline. This unique natural attraction is perfect for adventure seekers, offering activities such as 4x4 rides, sandboarding, and trekking. The dramatic scenery makes it a fantastic spot for photography, especially during the golden hours of sunrise and sunset. (Bolinao Archives, 2021). Blue Lagoon, Pagudpud Blue Lagoon, or Maira-ira Beach, is a picturesque beach in Pagudpud known for its soft white sand and crystal-clear waters. Surrounded by lush landscapes and rugged rock formations, it’s an ideal spot for swimming, snorkeling, and sunbathing. The tranquil environment and stunning views make it a perfect escape for relaxation and leisure. (Cheng, R. K. (2022).  Bantay Bell Tower, Bantay The Bantay Bell Tower is an iconic historical structure adjacent to the San Agustin Church in Bantay, Ilocos Sur. Known for its panoramic views of the surrounding landscape, the bell tower is a significant symbol of the region's colonial history. Visitors can climb to the top for stunning vistas and explore the rich cultural heritage of Bantay. (Primer Media Inc, 2017). VII. Culture and Tourism Interplay Region 1, known for its rich cultural heritage and stunning natural landscapes, presents a unique interplay between culture and tourism. This relationship is shaped by various factors, including festivals, local crafts, and cultural immersion experiences, which significantly impact the region's tourism dynamics. 1. Festivals and Traditions Cultural Significance: Festivals in Region 1, such as the Vigan City Fiesta and the Pamulinawen Festival in Laoag, celebrate local history, religious beliefs, and community spirit. These events attract both local and international tourists, showcasing the region's vibrant culture. (Yoorekka Philippines, 2024). Economic Impact: Festivals stimulate the local economy by boosting sales for local businesses, including food vendors, artisans, and hospitality services. They create job opportunities and promote the region as a tourist destination. Cultural Exchange: Festivals serve as a platform for cultural exchange, allowing visitors to experience traditional music, dance, and cuisine. This immersion fosters appreciation for the local culture and strengthens community pride. 2. Local Crafts Artisan Communities: The production of local crafts, such as Vigan's pottery and woven textiles, plays a crucial role in the region's cultural identity. These crafts not only preserve traditional techniques but also provide a source of income for local artisans. Tourist Attraction: Craft markets and workshops attract tourists interested in authentic, handmade products. Visitors often seek unique souvenirs, leading to increased demand for local crafts and supporting sustainable tourism practices. Cultural Preservation: The promotion of local crafts helps preserve traditional skills and knowledge, ensuring that cultural heritage is passed down through generations. This preservation is essential in maintaining the region's identity amid modernization. 3. Cultural Immersion Experiential Tourism: Cultural immersion experiences, such as cooking classes, traditional dances, and guided tours of historical sites, allow tourists to engage deeply with the local culture. These activities enhance the travel experience and create lasting memories. Community Engagement: Cultural immersion fosters connections between tourists and local communities. Engaging with locals through homestays or community-based tourism initiatives promotes understanding and respect for cultural differences. Sustainable Practices: By prioritizing cultural immersion, tourism in Region 1 can focus on sustainable practices that benefit local communities. This approach encourages responsible tourism, where visitors contribute positively to the local economy and environment. The interplay between culture and tourism in Region 1 is a dynamic and mutually beneficial relationship. Festivals and traditions enrich the tourist experience while providing economic benefits to local communities. Local crafts serve as a testament to the region's cultural heritage, attracting visitors and preserving traditional skills. Cultural immersion experiences enhance understanding and appreciation for the local way of life, promoting sustainable tourism practices. VIII. SWOT ANALYSIS Region 1- Ilocos Region (Strengths) It has two (2) available airports: Laoag International Airport and San Fernando Airport. There are beaches that are ideal for unwinding. It has a rich cultural and natural heritage. (Weaknesses) Tourist attractions are spread out. Located a great distance from NCR. Lengthy travel time from Manila if land transportation is used. (Opportunities) In Ilocos Norte, the Pagudpud-Bangui area is being developed. Through these attractions, they can still promote and sustain tourism. All the component provinces are part of the North Quad Growth area. Promoting ecotourism (Threats) The region is prone to natural disasters: earthquakes, typhoons, and floods. During the dry season, it is extremely hot. High level of saltwater intrusion in many parts of the coastal zone. IX. Food Tourism The Ilocos Region has a rich food culture shaped by its history and environment. Many of its dishes use local ingredients and traditional cooking methods. Here are seven Ilocano Dishes and Beverages focusing on their ingredients and preparation. 1. Lauya - Is a hearty warm soup made with pork, beef, or carabao meat. The dish is often compared to nilaga as both involve boiling meat with vegetables. However, lauya sometimes includes regional variations, like the use of toasted garlic for added depth or specific cuts of meat like pork hocks for a gelatin-rich broth. According to Cock Tales (2017), its taste can be compared to Bulalo and Pochero, which are also well-loved Filipino Dishes. Lauya is commonly enjoyed during cold weather or as a family meal, served alongside steamed rice and dipping sauces made from fish sauce and calamansi. Its appeal lies in its simplicity and the way it brings out the natural flavors of the ingredients. 2. Papaitan – Is a stew that is made of goat or cow innards, meat, and bile. It is characterized by its distinct bitter taste, derived from the bile of animals such as goat or cow. Bile or "papait," extracted from the small intestines, provides the signature bitterness. Alternatives like bitter melon or lime peel may be used for beginners or for a milder taste. Seasonings often include fish sauce, ginger, and tamarind (or sinigang mix) to balance the bitterness with sourness. It is a staple in Ilocano cuisine and is usually paired with beer (Ugc n.d.). 3. Pinakbet – is a vegetable stew originating in the Northern Ilocos Region. It is made with a variety of vegetables and bagoong. The dish features a variety of vegetables commonly found in Filipino gardens, such as bitter melon (ampalaya), eggplant, okra, squash, and string beans, combined with tomatoes and flavored with bagoong isda (fermented fish sauce) for its signature savory taste. The dish was named after the Ilocano word “pinakkebet” which meant “shriveled” or “dwindled” (Ian & Ian, 2024). 4. Insarabsab – is a dish made with flame-grilled pork, onions, chilies, vinegar, and other spices. The pork is sliced or cubed and mixed with ginger, onions, vinegar (commonly sukang Iloko), and sometimes chili for added spice. This dish is often served with rice and highlights the Ilocano preference for tangy and savory flavors. The pork is also traditionally cooked over a clay stove called dalikan. The name of the dish also came from the word Insarabsab which means “something burned in fire” (Raymund, 2020). 5. Igado - Pork Igado is an Ilocano stew made of strips of liver and pork tenderloin braised in a tangy and savory soy sauce-vinegar mixture and spices such as garlic, onions, and bay leaves. The dish's name derives from the Spanish word hígado, meaning liver, reflecting the Spanish influence on Filipino cuisine. Igado is often compared to menudo because of the shared use of pork and vegetables, but it forgoes the tomato-based sauce typical in menudo for a vinegar-soy sauce blend. Other innards such as kidney and heart are also common additions. Its taste is very similar to adobo and the Kapampangan Kilayin (Manalo, 2021). 6. Gamet - is a rare species of seaweed that is found in Ilocos Norte and Cagayan. It is considered as ‘black gold’ and is a highly coveted ingredient due to its rarity and the dangers surrounding its harvesting process. (FEATR, 2023) 7. Vigan Empanada - is a well-known dish from the Ilocos region of the Philippines, celebrated for its distinct taste and preparation style. It’s typically made of eggs, grated green papaya, and skinless Vigan Longganisa, wrapped in a thin rice flour batter, and deep fried to a crisp (Cortes, 2022). Ilocos empanadas reflect the Filipino ability to adapt foreign dishes, blending local ingredients and culinary practices to create something uniquely Filipino. The dish remains a staple in the region’s culinary heritage and a popular choice for visitors. X. Accommodations The Ilocos Region offers a variety of accommodations suitable for different preferences and budgets. Here's an overview: 1. Luxury Resorts - Resorts like Puerto del Sol in Bolinao feature private beaches, pools, spas, and gourmet dining for a high-end experience (Tagolino, 2024). 2. Beachfront Hotels and Resorts - Isla Bonita Beach Resort in San Juan, La Union, offers beachfront access, lush gardens, and snorkeling activities (Tagolino, 2024). 3. Vacation Rentals and Airbnb Options - Options include private villas, beach houses, and guesthouses with amenities like pools and full kitchens. Popular examples include Villa Marikit and Aki Surf Cottage in La Union. 4. Local Inns and Motels - Many provide basic amenities and proximity to attractions near tourist hubs like Laoag and Pagudpud. Examples are, The Blue Lagoon Inn in Pagudpud, and Prosperity Inn in Vigan (Tagolino, 2024). 5. Cultural Homestays - Ideal for those looking to immerse themselves in local culture, offering affordable and authentic experiences in areas like Vigan and Ilocos Sur. (Best ILOCOS Region Tour Packages | Guide to the Philippines, 2024). Examples are Hundred Islands Guest House in Pangasinan, and Eastdee Homestay by Jaya in Ilocos Sur. XI. Conclusion The Ilocos Region, also known as Region 1, is a coastal area in northern Luzon. It is famous for its beautiful beaches, Spanish architecture, and other tourist destinations. Some of these are Bangui Wind Farm, Paoay Church that made with shells, Bolinao, Pangasinan, Metropolitan Cathedral, Vigan, Calle Crisologo’s Ancestral Houses, and Baluarte Zoo in Vigan. It is famous for its delicious culinary recipes like Insarabasab, Lauya, Papaitan, Vigan Empanada, and Igado. Festivals are being promoted by the local government unit to boost its local economy including tourism, these are the Vigan City Fiesta and the Pamulinawen Festival in Laoag. Products and Crafts are also promoted and introduced to make an extra income to the locals these are Vigan's pottery and woven textiles. This region is thriving and booming not only in tourism but also as an economic powerhouse in Luzon Island, it is a testament to the locals’ efforts as they showed Ilocos region is not only a simple area but the best destination in the country of the Philippines. XII. References UNESCO (1993). Paoay Church - A UNESCO World Heritage Site in Ilocos Norte. Retrieved from: https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/677/ Department of Tourism (2020). Pamulinawen Festival - Laoag City’s annual celebration honoring Saint William the Hermit. Retrieved from: https://www.philippinetourism.gov.ph UNESCO (1999). Vigan Historic Centre - A UNESCO World Heritage Site known for its Spanish colonial architecture. Retrieved from: https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/677/ Tourism and Events Management of Vigan (2022). Viva Vigan Binatbatan Festival of the Arts - Celebrating Vigan’s cultural heritage. Retrieved from: https://www.vigancity.gov.ph Department of Tourism (2021). La Union Tourism - Known for its surfing destinations like San Juan Beach. Retrieved from: https://www.tourism.gov.ph Pangasinan Provincial Government (2022). Pista’y Dayat Festival - Celebrating Pangasinan's rich maritime culture. Retrieved from: https://www.pangasinan.gov.ph Philippine Commission on Sports Scuba Diving (2021). Hundred Islands National Park - A natural wonder in Pangasinan. Retrieved from: https://www.pcssd.gov.ph Accomodation, T. (2024a, September 30). Embark on a scenic journey through Ilocos Norte, Philippines: the ultimate guide for adventure seekers! Traveloka. https://www.traveloka.com/en-ph/explore/destination/embark-on-a-scenic-journey-through- ilocos-norte-philippines-the-ultimate-guide-for-adventure-seekers-acc/250373 Accomodation, T. (2024, October 1). Unlock the secrets of Ilocos sur: discovering the most spectacular tourist destinations in the Philippines. Traveloka. https://www.traveloka.com/en- ph/explore/destination/unlock-the-secrets-of-ilocos-sur-acc/254075 Benliro, K. (2024, November 29). 9 Must-VIsit Tourist Spots in Ilocos Norte for your 2025 adventure (+2 exciting activities to try!) -. Philippines Hidden Gems. https://philippineshiddengems.com/tourist-spots-in-ilocos-norte/ Prezi, J. L. O. (n.d.). Region 1: Tourist attractions. prezi.com. https://prezi.com/1gocmufem34_/region- 1-tourist-attractions/ Arcadio, R. G. (2024, February 23). Top 12 ILOCOS Sur and Norte tourist spots: Heritage sites, windmills, churches. Guide to the Philippines. https://guidetothephilippines.ph/articles/what- to-experience/ilocos-sur-norte-tourist-spots Information about La Paz Sand Dunes | Guide to the Philippines. (n.d.). Guide to the Philippines. https://guidetothephilippines.ph/destinations-and-attractions/la-paz-sand-dunes Bolinao Archives - See Pangasinan. (2021). See Pangasinan. https://seepangasinan.com/wheretogo/bolinao/ Dimen, Y. (2023, January 31). Kabigan Falls: Pagudpud, Ilocos Norte, Philippines. The Poor Traveler Itinerary Blog. https://www.thepoortraveler.net/2010/08/kabigan-falls-in-pagudpud-ilocos- road-trip-day-2/ Arcadio, R. G. (2024). Top 12 ILOCOS Sur and Norte tourist spots: Heritage sites, windmills, churches. Guide to the Philippines. https://guidetothephilippines.ph/articles/what-to- experience/ilocos-sur-norte-tourist-spots Cabillen, J. (2024, July 17). Top 13 Vigan City Tourist Spots: Historic UNESCO World Heritage site. Guide to the Philippines. https://guidetothephilippines.ph/articles/what-to-experience/vigan-ilocos-tourist-spots Accomodation, T. (2024c, October 1). Unlock the secrets of Ilocos sur: discovering the most spectacular tourist destinations in the Philippines. Traveloka. https://www.traveloka.com/en- ph/explore/destination/unlock-the-secrets-of-ilocos-sur-acc/254075 Cheng, R. K. (2022). Pagudpud’s Blue Lagoon Beach, Ilocos Norte. Wander Kid Travels | a Premier Travel Blog. https://www.wakitravels.com/2017/06/pagudpud-blue-lagoon-beach-ilocos- norte.html Cabillen, J. (2024). Top 13 Vigan City Tourist Spots: Historic UNESCO World Heritage site. Guide to the Philippines. https://guidetothephilippines.ph/articles/what-to-experience/vigan-ilocos- tourist-spots Information about Hundred Island National Park | Guide to the Philippines. (n.d.). Guide to the Philippines. https://guidetothephilippines.ph/destinations-and-attractions/hundred-island- national-park Cortes, E. (2022, November 13). Lilong and Lilang Restaurant (Vigan City): an Ilocano restaurant inside Hidden Garden — Zoy to the world. Zoy to the World. https://www.zoytotheworld.com/blog/vigan-city-food-trip-lilong-and-lilang-restaurant- hidden-garden Arcadio, R. G. (2024). Top 12 ILOCOS Sur and Norte tourist spots: Heritage sites, windmills, churches. Guide to the Philippines. https://guidetothephilippines.ph/articles/what-to- experience/ilocos-sur-norte-tourist-spots Primer Media Inc. (2017). Bantay Church Bell Tower. Travel. https://primer.com.ph/travel/2017/02/07/bantay-church-bell-tower/ 4 vibrant Ilocos Norte festivals to include in your trip this February. (2024, February 1). Yoorekka Philippines. https://yoorekka.com/magazine/baguio-northern-luzon/2024/02/01/culture-in- ilocos-norte-ilocos-norte-festival-pamulinawen-festival Rodriguez, G. and Catindig, O. (2017) LAUYA, Facebook. Available at: https://www.facebook.com/cocktalesblog/posts/lauya-is-a-type-of-beef-stew-of-beef-pork-or- carabao-meat-cooked-with-sweet-pota/1891035264452660/ Ugc. (n.d.). Papaitan. AtlasObscura. https://www.atlasobscura.com/foods/pinapaitan-papaitan-bile- stew Ian, & Ian. (2024, June 7). Pinakbet (Filipino Vegetable stew) | Iankewks. Iankewks | Easy Filipino and Asian Recipes. https://iankewks.com/pinakbet-filipino-vegetable-stew Raymund. (2020, April 30). Insarabasab. Ang Sarap (a Tagalog Word for “It’s Delicious”). https://www.angsarap.net/2014/04/24/insarabasab/ Manalo, L. (2021, August 13). Igado. Kawaling Pinoy https://www.kawalingpinoy.com/igado/#What_is_igado FEATR. (2023, February 6). Seaweed harvesters risk their lives in the Philippines (Gamet) [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jh72OeOuo08 Cortes, E. (2022, November 10). The search for the best vigan empanada — Zoy to the world. Zoy to the World. https://www.zoytotheworld.com/blog/vigan-city-food-trip-best-empanada Laoag City - other products. (n.d.-b). https://laoagcity.gov.ph/tourism/products.html Agbanlog, L. (2020, September 13). Dinengdeng (Boiled Vegetables with Fried Fish in Anchovy Sauce). Salu Salo Recipes. https://salu-salo.com/dinengdeng-boiled-vegetables-with-fried- fish-in-anchovy-sauce/ Proudly Promdi. (n.d.). Bielma bugnay fruit wine. https://proudlypromdi.com/products/bielma- bugnay-fruit- wine#:~:text=Our%20Bugnay%20is%20made%20by,are%20made%20throughout%20the%2 0year. Tagolino, G. J. (2024, October 29). Ilocos Beach Resorts. Trip101. https://trip101.com/article/ilocos- beach-resorts Best ILOCOS Region Tour Packages | Guide to the Philippines. (2024, May 16). Guide to the Philippines. https://guidetothephilippines.ph/trips-and-experiences/ilocos-tour-packages Search homestays in Ilocos Region. (n.d.). Booking.com. https://www.booking.com/homestay/region/ph/ilocos-region.html ‘Dudol’ making fair: Showcase of local flavor in Paoay town. (n.d.). Philippine News Agency. https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1218714 Bugnay wine. (n.d.). https://worldofvhincci.blogspot.com/2011/05/adams-bugnay-wine.html Abas, K. (n.d.). Activity - Ilocos region. Scribd. https://www.scribd.com/document/598706562/Activity-Ilocos-Region Studocu. (n.d.). SWOT analysis- region 1,5 & 10 Philippines - SWOT of Region I, V & X Region 1 Strengths  - Studocu. https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/central-luzon-college-of- science-and-technology/bs-tourism-management/swot-analysis-region-15-10- philippines/24065659 https://www.coursehero.com/file/53745152/SWOT-of-Regions-1doc/