Psychology Midterm 3 PDF

Question 1 1 / 1 pts Marcy is 15 months old, and her father is insensitive and inattentive to her needs. Marcy reacts to him the same way she reacts to a stranger—she doesn’t care if he leaves the room and when he returns she is slow to notice or react. What kind of attachment is this? ​ sec...

Question 1 1 / 1 pts Marcy is 15 months old, and her father is insensitive and inattentive to her needs. Marcy reacts to him the same way she reacts to a stranger—she doesn’t care if he leaves the room and when he returns she is slow to notice or react. What kind of attachment is this? ​ secure ​ disorganized ​ resistant ​ avoidant Incorrect Question 2 0 / 1 pts Elroy decided not to cheat on the exam because he would fail the class if he was caught. What stage of moral development does this exemplify? ​ conventional ​ post-conventional ​ formal operational ​ pre-conventional Question 3 1 / 1 pts Tom believes he is unable to stop gambling because his friends all gamble and are a bad influence; however, he believes that Barnaby is unable to stop gambling because Barnaby is a weak person. This is an example of ________. ​ actor bias ​ dissonant cognition ​ actor-observer bias ​ cognitive dissonance Incorrect Question 4 0 / 1 pts ​ Which of the following is an example of the resistance stage of the general adaptation syndrome? ​ Patrice can’t stop talking even after her teacher asks her to remain silent. ​ It is time for Fallon’s nap, but he cannot fall sleep. ​ Tyrique almost falls out of the tree, but he grabs a branch, and now that the danger of falling has passed, he focuses his energy and attention on getting down from the tree safely. ​ Diamond begs her mother for a puppy even after she is told she can’t have one. Question 5 1 / 1 pts Madeline is seven months old. Her mother is eating a cookie and Madeline wants some. Her mother hides the cookie under a napkin, but Madeline is not fooled. She knows the cookie is still there. What does this exemplify? ​ stranger anxiety ​ egocentrism ​ reversibility ​ object permanence Question 6 1 / 1 pts Yuri experiences excessive, distressing, and persistent fear or anxiety about heights. Yuri suffers from a(n) ________. ​ mood disorder ​ psychosis ​ phobia ​ obsessive-compulsive disorder Question 7 1 / 1 pts Due to Dominique’ s obsessive-compulsive disorder, she may ________.  ​ wash her hands every 10 minutes throughout the day ​ refuse to leave her bed due to anxiety over what might happen during the day ​ exhibit an extreme fear of water ​ insist that she hears voices Question 8 1 / 1 pts Teenagers in the ________ stage can use abstract thinking to problem solve, look at alternative solutions, and test these solutions. ​ concrete operational ​ preoperational ​ sensorimotor ​ formal operational Question 9 1 / 1 pts Which of the following defines antisocial personality disorder? ​ overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance ​ pervasive need for perfectionism that interferes with the ability to complete tasks ​ law-breaking behavior, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and aggression ​ instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and mood  Incorrect Question 10 0 / 1 pts Drive theory states that deviations from ________ create physiological needs that result in psychological drive states that direct behavior to meet the need. ​ emotions ​ homeostasis ​ biology ​ motivations Question 11 1 / 1 pts Veena’s thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors are impaired to the point where she is unable to function normally in life. She experiences significant difficulties in many day-to-day activities, such as holding a job, paying bills, grooming, maintaining personal hygiene, and sustaining relationships. She believes wealthy congressman are tracking her movements throughout the day. Which of the following disorders is Veena living with? ​ borderline personality disorder ​ anxiety disorder ​ schizophrenia ​ major depressive disorder Question 12 1 / 1 pts The James-Lange view suggests which of the following occurs last? ​ Induction ​ Perception ​ Physiology ​ Emotion Question 13 1 / 1 pts A panic disorder is a type of ________disorder characterized by panic attacks, along with at least one month of worry about panic attacks or self-defeating behavior related to the attacks. ​ safety ​ social ​ generalized ​ anxiety Question 14 1 / 1 pts Carissa’s parents let her stay up as late as she wants. She is allowed to pick out her own clothes and decide when and what she wants to eat. Her parents act more like her friends than authority figures. What kind of parenting style is this? ​ permissive ​ authoritarian ​ Freudian ​ authoritative Question 15 1 / 1 pts The ________ hypothesis is the belief that people get the outcomes they deserve. ​ just-desserts ​ just-world ​ dogma ​ karma Question 16 1 / 1 pts ________ is the belief that one’s own ethnic group, nation, and/or religion is superior to others.  ​ Solipsism ​ Ethnocentrism ​ Egocentrism ​ Socialism Question 17 1 / 1 pts Penny auditions for an acting job. When she doesn't get the job, she blames the casting director for not wanting to hire a woman. This is an example of ________. ​ self-fulfilling prophecy ​ social loafing ​ racism ​ self-serving bias Question 18 1 / 1 pts The results of twin studies suggest that ______. ​ Homosexuality is the result of maladaptive parenting strategies ​ Sexual orientation has a genetic foundation ​ Sexual orientation is determined exclusively by cultural norms ​ Homosexuality is not a natural part of human development Question 19 1 / 1 pts What symptom of schizophrenia is illustrated by the following example? “So bees with knees have fleas and fleas jump, I jump like a jack, Jack the Giant Killer. Giants kill and transform things and something happened, but we can’t hear because our eyes are like flies that flew away.” ​ catatonic behavior ​ disorganized speech ​ hallucinations ​ paranoid delusions Question 20 1 / 1 pts Janice is in the middle of a distinct period of an abnormally and persistently elevated mood. In the last week she has cleaned her house from top to bottom (breaking windows and dishes in the process), bought a new car that she can’t afford, and dug up most of her yard in case she might want a garden next year. Janice is experiencing ________. ​ flight of ideas ​ mania ​ depression ​ body dysmorphia  Incorrect Question 21 0 / 1 pts People who reach the ________ level of stress feel burned out; they are fatigued, exhausted, and their performance begins to decline. ​ primary ​ eustress ​ distress ​ secondary Question 22 1 / 1 pts Sweating and shivering are responses created due to internal temperature fluctuations, and they are designed to bring the body back into ________. ​ neutral ​ locus ​ homeostasis ​ alignment Question 23 1 / 1 pts Which of the following brain structures is directly involved in the physical initiation of sexual behavior? ​ Medial preoptic area ​ Occipital lobe ​ Amygdala ​ Nucleus accumbens Question 24 1 / 1 pts Which psychological disorder is characterized by positive symptoms (e.g., delusions and hallucinations) as well as negative symptoms (e.g., flat affect)? ​ bipolar ​ personality ​ anxiety ​ schizophrenia Question 25 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is an example of what Piaget called "conservation"?  ​ understanding that objects can be changed and then returned to their original form ​ knowing that symbols represent words, images, and ideas ​ knowing that even if you change the appearance of something, it is still equal in size or volume as long as nothing has been removed or added ​ thinking logically about social events Question 26 1 / 1 pts The facial ________ hypothesis system allows facial expressions to influence our emotions. ​ mediation ​ reaction ​ response ​ feedback Question 27 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is not a common characteristic of cults? ​ Isolation of members from the outside world ​ A demanding schedule with a lot of time spent on group-centered activities ​ A rigid belief system ​ An environment that promotes open exchange of ideas Question 28 1 / 1 pts _____________is a stress reduction technique that combines elements of relaxation and meditation. ​ reaction ​ intervention ​ mindfulness ​ eustress Question 29 1 / 1 pts Which of the following are examples of the social level in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs? ​ confidence and accomplishment ​ self-actualization and esteem ​ water and warmth ​ family and friendship Question 30 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is a good example of the flashbacks associated with PTSD? ​ Eugene was in a motorcycle accident. When he hears a sudden loud noise he relives the accident and feels as if it is happening all over again. ​ Eugene was bitten by a snake. Now when he sees a snake, he is careful to move away slowly and silently. ​ Eugene was in a boating accident. Now he experiences intense fear of large bodies of water and avoids boats. ​ Eugene was in a car accident. He is convinced that if he starts, stops, and restarts the engine five times in a row he will avoid having a car accident. Incorrect Question 31 0 / 1 pts As toddlers (ages 1–3 years) begin to explore their world, they learn that they can control their actions and act on the environment to get results. What is the primary developmental task of this stage? ​ initiative vs. guilt ​ autonomy vs. shame/doubt ​ industry vs. inferiority ​ trust vs. mistrust Question 32 1 / 1 pts Between birth and one year, infants are dependent on their caregivers; therefore, caregivers who are responsive and sensitive to their infant’s needs help their baby to develop a sense of the world as a safe, predictable place. What is the primary developmental task of this stage? ​ industry vs. inferiority ​ trust vs. mistrust ​ autonomy vs. shame/doubt ​ identity vs. confusion Question 33 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is an example of eustress? ​ training for a marathon ​ recovering from a car accident ​ losing a job ​ getting a divorce Incorrect Question 34 0 / 1 pts Jory, a six year old, is picking out a card for his mother’s birthday. He picks the card with a picture of Lightning McQueen, reasoning that since he loves Cars his mom must love them too. What does this exemplify? ​ egocentrism ​ pretend play ​ reversibility ​ conservation Question 35 1 / 1 pts ________ is the kind of stress associated with positive feelings, as well as optimal health and performance. ​ pro-stress ​ distress ​ eustress ​ anti-stress Question 36 1 / 1 pts ______ treatments appear to have an impact on the normal functioning of the facial feedback system.  ​ Neuroleptic ​ Antidepressant ​ Botox ​ NSAID Question 37 1 / 1 pts ________ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and apprehension and by related disturbances in behavior. ​ obsessive-compulsive ​ anxiety ​ personality ​ body dysmorphic Incorrect Question 38 0 / 1 pts Which of the following is an example of a stimulus-based definition of stress? ​ Laura experiences stress because her heart rate increased when she noticed the spider. ​ Caroline experiences stress because she is home alone and hears unusual noises outside.  ​ Carrie experiences stress because she notices her car is almost out of gas and worries about being stranded on the highway, but then she feels better when she sees a gas station nearby. ​ Grace experiences stress when she sees a coyote, but Mary thinks the coyote is a dog so she does not experience stress. Question 39 1 / 1 pts When people reach their 40s, they enter the time known as middle adulthood, which extends to the mid-60s. This involves finding their life’s work and contributing to the development of others through activities such as volunteering, mentoring, and raising children. What is the primary developmental task of this stage? ​ integrity vs. despair ​ intimacy vs. isolation ​ generativity vs. stagnation ​ trust vs. mistrust Incorrect Question 40 0 / 1 pts Who believed that moral development, like cognitive development, follows a series of stages?  ​ Lawrence Kohlberg ​ Erik Erikson ​ Sigmund Freud ​ Jean Piaget Incorrect Question 41 0 / 1 pts Nawaz and his boyfriend break up. Nawaz makes an internal attribution for this outcome. Complete the sentence to show an internal attribution that Nawaz could make. My boyfriend broke up with me because ________. ​ He can’t appreciate how wonderful I am. ​ His parents think he should focus on school. ​ I am unlovable. ​ We were not right for each other. Incorrect Question 42 0 / 1 pts Which type of appraisal involves judgment about the degree of potential harm or threat to well-being that a stressor might entail?  ​ alpha ​ primary ​ beta ​ secondary Question 43 1 / 1 pts Which of the following strategies would most effectively reduce prejudice between groups? ​ keeping intergroup contact to a minimum ​ assigning one group to supervise the other group in completing an assigned task ​ having groups meet under equal terms and cooperate on a task ​ having highly educated members of one group teach the children of the other group Question 44 1 / 1 pts Which of the following illustrates conservation? ​ Joseph saves his energy by brushing his teeth in the shower. ​ Rebekah recycles her glass bottles but not her cell phone batteries. ​ Deirdre believes that five pennies have more value than two nickels. ​ Scott knows that one piece of pizza cut into two slices is the same amount as cutting the same piece of pizza into three slices. Question 45 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is most likely to share the same sexual orientation? ​ Two dizygotic twins ​ Two strangers ​ Two monozygotic twins ​ Two siblings born a year apart Question 46 1 / 1 pts Chris believes that people with blue eyes are somehow more creative than other people. Whenever Chris encounters a person that has blue eyes and is creative, she places greater importance on this evidence supporting her already existing belief. At the same time, Chris ignores any evidence that people without blue eyes might display exceptional creativity. This is called a ________. ​ confirmation preconception ​ confirmation prejudice ​ confirmation bias ​ confirmation preference Question 47 1 / 1 pts During the elementary school stage (ages 6–12), children begin to compare themselves to their peers to see how they measure up. They either develop a sense of accomplishment or they feel inadequate when they don’t measure up. What is the primary developmental task of this stage? ​ trust vs. mistrust ​ industry vs. inferiority ​ autonomy vs. shame/guilt ​ identity vs. confusion Question 48 1 / 1 pts Umberto is a one year old, and his mother is sensitive and responsive to his needs. He is distressed when his mother leaves him, and he is happy to see her when she returns. What kind of attachment is this? ​ disorganized ​ avoidant ​ resistant ​ secure Question 49 1 / 1 pts In the ________ stage, children can use words and images to represent things, but they lack logical reasoning and fail conservation tasks. ​ preoperational ​ sensorimotor ​ formal operational ​ concrete operational Question 50 1 / 1 pts ________ is a bias that enables us to see ourselves in a more favorable light. ​ self-serving bias ​ walking bias ​ reverse bias ​ interpersonal bias