Psychology Chapter Quiz on Parenting and Behavior

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Questions and Answers

What term describes the parenting style that is characterized by high demands and low responsiveness?

Freudian

Authoritarian (correct)

Authoritative

Permissive

Which hypothesis suggests that individuals get the outcomes they deserve based on their actions?

Karma

Dogma

Just-world (correct)

Just-desserts

What does ethnocentrism refer to in social psychology?

Belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group (correct)

Belief in superior intellect

Belief that one’s culture is inferior

Belief in inherent equality among cultures

In which psychological phenomenon does an individual attribute their failures to external factors rather than their own actions?

Self-serving bias Signup and view all the answers

What conclusion can be drawn from twin studies about sexual orientation?

It is influenced by genetic factors Signup and view all the answers

What symptom of schizophrenia is characterized by incoherent or nonsensical speech?

Disorganized speech Signup and view all the answers

What psychological state is characterized by an intense and elevated mood, accompanied by impulsive actions?

Mania Signup and view all the answers

What level of stress is characterized by feelings of fatigue, exhaustion, and declining performance?

Distress Signup and view all the answers

What type of attachment is Marcy demonstrating with her father?

Avoidant Signup and view all the answers

What stage of moral development is Elroy demonstrating by choosing not to cheat to avoid failing?

Conventional Signup and view all the answers

Tom's belief that he cannot stop gambling due to peer influence while viewing Barnaby as weak is an example of which bias?

Actor-observer bias Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario illustrates the resistance stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

Patrice cannot stop talking after being asked to be quiet. Signup and view all the answers

What concept does Madeline's understanding that the cookie is still present despite being hidden under a napkin exemplify?

Object permanence Signup and view all the answers

Which developmental stage allows teenagers to use abstract thinking to problem solve?

Formal operational Signup and view all the answers

Yuri's persistent and excessive fear about heights indicates he is suffering from which condition?

Phobia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines antisocial personality disorder?

Law-breaking behavior, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and aggression Signup and view all the answers

Dominique's experience with obsessive-compulsive disorder may lead her to exhibit which behavior?

Repetitive behaviors to alleviate anxiety Signup and view all the answers

What does Tom's perception of himself versus Barnaby illustrate regarding human behavior interpretation?

Fundamental attribution error Signup and view all the answers

Drive theory states that deviations from what create physiological needs?

Homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

What disorder is characterized by impaired thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors that lead to an inability to function normally?

Schizophrenia Signup and view all the answers

According to the James-Lange theory, which of the following occurs last in the emotional response process?

Emotion Signup and view all the answers

A panic disorder is characterized by which of the following?

Panic attacks and at least one month of worry related to those attacks Signup and view all the answers

What type of parenting style is characterized by allowing children to make their own decisions and having a friend-like relationship with parents?

Permissive Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary developmental task for toddlers aged 1 to 3 years?

autonomy vs.shame/doubt Signup and view all the answers

What developmental task do infants achieve between birth and one year through responsive caregiving?

trust vs.mistrust Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario exemplifies eustress?

training for a marathon Signup and view all the answers

What cognitive concept does Jory demonstrate by choosing a birthday card he likes for his mother?

egocentrism Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to stress associated with positive feelings and optimal performance?

eustress Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment seems to impact the normal functioning of the facial feedback system?

Botox Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of anxiety disorders?

excessive, persistent fear Signup and view all the answers

Which example best represents a stimulus-based definition of stress?

Laura's heart rate increased upon seeing a spider. Signup and view all the answers

Which brain structure is specifically involved in initiating sexual behavior?

Medial preoptic area Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is marked by both positive and negative symptoms?

schizophrenia Signup and view all the answers

Which example best represents Piaget's concept of 'conservation'?

Recognizing that size remains constant despite changes in appearance Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct term for the hypothesis that describes how facial expressions can influence emotions?

feedback hypothesis Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT typical of cults?

Encouragement of open exchange of ideas Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a stress reduction method involving relaxation and meditation?

mindfulness Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pairs represent the social level in Maslow’s hierarchy?

family and friendship Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a flashback experienced in PTSD?

Eugene relives a motorcycle accident when he hears a loud noise. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary developmental task of middle adulthood?

Generativity vs. Stagnation Signup and view all the answers

Who is known for proposing that moral development follows a series of stages?

Lawrence Kohlberg Signup and view all the answers

What type of attribution is Nawaz making when he thinks, 'My boyfriend broke up with me because I am unlovable'?

Internal Attribution Signup and view all the answers

Which type of appraisal pertains to assessing potential harm from a stressor?

Primary Appraisal Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy is most effective in reducing prejudice between groups?

Facilitating equal terms and cooperation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following concepts illustrates conservation?

Believing five pennies are worth more than two nickels Signup and view all the answers

How does Carrie’s experience with stress demonstrate the concept of cognitive appraisal?

She rationally evaluates that the gas station alleviates her stress Signup and view all the answers

Why does Grace experience stress while Mary does not upon seeing a coyote?

Grace perceives danger while Mary misidentifies the coyote Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Question 1 Summary

Marcy, 15 months old, exhibits a disorganised attachment style
Her father is insensitive and inattentive to her needs
Marcy reacts to her father like a stranger, showing little concern when he leaves the room, and slow to notice his return

Question 2 Summary

Elroy's decision not to cheat exemplifies pre-conventional moral development
He is motivated by avoiding the consequences of getting caught, like failing the class

Question 3 Summary

Tom's belief exemplifies cognitive dissonance
He believes he can't stop gambling due to his friends' influence, but believes Barnaby can't stop because he is a weak person

Question 4 Summary

Patrice's inability to remain silent after being asked, exemplifies the resistance stage of the general adaptation syndrome
This demonstrates a reaction to a demand or stressor

Question 5 Summary

Object permanence is demonstrated by Madeline
Madeline knows the cookie is hidden, she is not fooled as she knows the cookie still exists

Question 6 Summary

Yuri suffers from a phobia
Phobia is characterized by persistent fear of heights

Question 7 Summary

Dominique may experience compulsive behaviors due to obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 8 Summary

Formal operational stage allows teenagers to use abstract thinking
It involves problem-solving, evaluating alternative solutions, then testing them

Question 9 Summary

Antisocial personality disorder involves law-breaking, recklessness and aggression.
Antisocial personality disorder also has instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image and mood

Question 10 Summary

Drive theory suggests that deviations from homeostasis lead to psychological drives
The physiological need directs the behaviours to meet the need

Question 11 Summary

Veena is experiencing schizophrenia
She has impaired thoughts, perceptions, and behaviours, and is unable to function in daily life.
She believes that wealthy politicians are tracking her

Question 12 Summary

The James-Lange theory states that physiology comes before emotion
In this view, the physiological response occurs last

Question 13 Summary

Panic disorder is characterized by panic attacks, plus at least a month of anxiety
This anxiety is around panic attacks or in fear of having them again

Question 14 Summary

This question needs information to summarise

Question 15 Summary

The just-world hypothesis suggests people get the consequences they deserve
This idea suggests that people get the outcomes that they deserve

Question 16 Summary

Ethnocentrism is the belief of one's ethnic group, nation, and or religion being superior to others

Question 17 Summary

Penny's blaming the casting director demonstrates self-serving bias
She avoids responsibility by blaming an external factor

Question 18 Summary

Twin studies suggest a genetic component to sexual orientation
Homosexuality is not a result of maladaptive parenting strategies

Question 19 Summary

The example demonstrates disorganized speech, a symptom of schizophrenia
The jumbled, illogical and associative nature of the speech is a key indicator

Question 20 Summary

Janice is experiencing mania
Mania is shown by elevated mood, increased activity, and impulsive behaviour

Question 21 Summary

Secondary level of stress involves exhaustion
It leads to fatigue, exhaustion, and a decline in performance

Question 22 Summary

Sweating and shivering are responses to regulate internal temperature
These mechanisms are part of homeostasis

Question 23 Summary

The brain structure directly involved in the initiation of sexual behavior is the medial preoptic area.

Question 24 Summary

Schizophrenia is characterized by both positive and negative symptoms
Positive symptoms include delusions and hallucinations
Negative symptoms include flattened affect

Question 25 Summary

An example of conservation is Scott knowing that the quantity of pizza remains the same despite being cut differently.

Question 26 Summary

The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that facial expressions can influence emotions
Facial expressions can affect emotional experience

Question 27 Summary

An environment that promotes open exchange of ideas is not a common characteristic of a cult
Cults often involve isolation, rigid belief systems, and demanding schedules

Question 28 Summary

Mindfulness is a stress reduction technique merging relaxation and meditation

Question 29 Summary

Examples of the social level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs include family and friendship.
Confidence, self-actualisation and esteem are also social needs.

Question 30 Summary

This question requires context to summarise

Question 31 Summary

The primary developmental task for toddlers is autonomy vs. shame/doubt
Toddlers strive to gain control over themselves and their actions.

Question 32 Summary

The primary developmental task for infants (0-1yr.old) is trust vs. mistrust
Infants learn if the world is a safe and predictable place

Question 33 Summary

Training for a marathon is an example of eustress
Eustress is stress that is positive and motivating

Question 34 Summary

This question needs the context to summarise.

Question 35 Summary

Eustress is the positive kind of stress that allows for optimal performance.
Positive feelings accompany this type of stress

Question 36 Summary

Facial feedback treatments affect the functionality of the facial feedback system.

Question 37 Summary

Anxiety disorders are characterized by excessive fear and apprehension
Examples include obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety disorder, and body dysmorphic disorder

Question 38 Summary

A stimulus-based definition of stress focuses on physiological responses to a stimulus
Like an increased heart rate when a spider is noticed

Question 39 Summary

Generativity vs. Stagnation is the primary developmental task for people in middle adulthood (40s-60s)
This involves contributing to the development of others

Question 40 Summary

Lawrence Kohlberg believed that moral development proceeds through stages

Question 41 Summary

Nawaz's internal attribution is "My boyfriend broke up with me because I am unlovable."
Nawaz's reasoning stems from his own feelings and self-image

Question 42 Summary

Primary appraisal is judging the degree of potential harm or threat a stressor might entail.

Question 43 Summary

Intergroup contact, cooperation, and equality are effective ways to reduce prejudice between groups
Encouraging interactions under these terms is most effective

Question 44 Summary

An example of conservation is when Scott understands that the quantity of pizza remains consistent no matter how it's sliced

Question 45 Summary

Monozygotic (identical) twins are more likely to share the same sexual orientation than other siblings

Question 46 Summary

Chris demonstrates confirmation bias
She seeks out and prioritizes evidence that confirms her existing belief about blue-eyed people

Question 47 Summary

This question needs content

Question 48 Summary

Umberto displays secure attachment
The child is distressed when the caregiver leaves, but is soothed on their return

Question 49 Summary

This question requires content

Question 50 Summary

Self-serving bias is the tendency to attribute positive events to oneself and negative events to external factors

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Description

Test your knowledge on key concepts in social psychology, including parenting styles, psychophysiological phenomena, and attachment theories. This quiz covers critical ideas such as ethnocentrism, moral development, and symptoms of schizophrenia. Challenge yourself to see how well you understand these core psychological principles!