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## History of Art and Architecture ### Realism The rejection of imaginative idealization of nature or contemporary life. * Realism rejects imaginative idealization in favor of close observation of outward appearances. * Also known as the Age of Rationalism and Imperialism, Age of Science and Do...

## History of Art and Architecture ### Realism The rejection of imaginative idealization of nature or contemporary life. * Realism rejects imaginative idealization in favor of close observation of outward appearances. * Also known as the Age of Rationalism and Imperialism, Age of Science and Doubt, Age of Progress and the Victorian Age. **General Features in Art** * Veered away from idealism * Absolute objectivity - Featured honestly every day people and situations **Realism Schools of Painting** * **The Realists (1800-1899)** * A group of international artists in Paris which began to devise new methods of pictorial representation. * They were focused on scientific concepts of vision and the study of optical effects of light. * They express both a taste of democracy and the rejection of the inherent old artistic tradition. * Artists: John Singleton Copley, Gustav Courbet, Hilaire Germaine Edgar Degas, Edouard Manet. * **Barbizon School (18405-18505)** * A group of French landscape artists, ones of the first found outside the Academy. * Named after the forest of Fontainebleau near the village of Barbizon, where they got away from the revolutionary Paris, to produce their art. * The painters helped establish landscape and motif of country style as vital subjects to French artists. * Artists: Theodore Rousseau, Jean_Francois Millet. * **Pre-Raphaellite Brotherhood (1848-late 19th c)** * English painters, poets and critics grouped to reform art by rejecting practices of contemporary academic British art. * Considered the first avante-garde movement in art, they believed that the only great art was before High Renaissance, before Raphael. * They condemned the art of idealization and promoted works based on real landscapes and models. * **Hudson River School (1825-1880)** * The first American school of landscape painting. * Their subjects were the spectacles of the Hudson River Valley and the upper state of New York. **Famous Realist Artists** * **Gustave Courbet** * Considered the first French Realist, believed that artists could accurately represent only their experience. * Committed to "socialist" principles and experiences of the present. * Works: *The Painter's Studio, Funeral at Ornans*